List of governors of Florida

Governor of Florida

File:Seal of Florida.svg

Seal of the State of Florida

File:Flag of Florida.svg

Flag of the State of Florida

File:Florida Governor Ron DeSantis, 2020.jpg

Incumbent
Ron DeSantis
since January 8, 2019

Style|

* Governor
(informal)
* The Honorable
(formal)
* His Excellency
(courtesy)

Status| Head of State
Head of Government
Residence| Florida Governor's Mansion
Term length| Four years, renewable once
Constituting instrument| Constitution of Florida
Precursor| Governor of the Florida Territory
Inaugural holder| William Dunn Moseley
Formation| June 25, 1845
Deputy| Lieutenant Governor of Florida
Salary| $130,273 (2013)[1]
Website| www.flgov.com

The governor of Florida is the head of government of the U.S. state of Florida and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.[2] The governor has a duty to enforce state laws and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Florida Legislature,[3] to convene the legislature[4] and grant pardons, except in cases of impeachment.[5]

When Florida was first acquired by the United States, future president Andrew Jackson served as its military governor. Florida Territory was established in 1822 and five people served as governor over 6 distinct terms. The first territorial governor, William Pope Duval, served 12 years, the longest of any Florida governor to date.

Since statehood in 1845, there have been 45 people who have served as governor, one of whom served two distinct terms. Four state governors have served two full four-year terms: William D. Bloxham, in two stints, as well as Reubin Askew, Jeb Bush and Rick Scott who each served their terms consecutively. Bob Graham almost served two terms, but resigned with three days left in his term in order to qualify to run for the United States Senate.[6] The shortest term in office belongs to Wayne Mixson, who served three days following the resignation of his predecessor, Bob Graham.

The current officeholder is Ron DeSantis, a member of the Republican Party who took office on January 8, 2019.

## Contents

* 1 Qualifications
* 2 History
* 3 Governors
* 3.1 Federal military commissioner
* 3.2 Governors of the Territory of Florida
* 3.3 Governors of the State of Florida
* 4 Living former governors of Florida
* 5 Federal offices held
* 6 Line of succession
* 7 Acting Governor
* 8 See also
* 9 Notes
* 10 References

## Qualifications[edit | edit source]

Anyone who seeks to be elected Governor of Florida must meet the following qualifications:[7]

* be at least 30 years old
* have been a resident and registered voter of Florida for at least seven years

## History[edit | edit source]

Main article: List of colonial governors of Florida

Florida had been a French and then a Spanish colony. It came under British control and then returned to Spanish control again after the American Revolution. It had various governors during these colonial periods. The British divided Florida into East Florida and West Florida, each with its own governor.

## Governors[edit | edit source]

### Federal military commissioner[edit | edit source]

For a list of governors of Florida before it became a United States territory, see List of colonial governors of Florida.

Spanish Florida was acquired from Spain in the Adams–Onís Treaty, which took effect July 10, 1821.[8] Parts of West Florida had already been assigned to Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi; the remainder and East Florida were governed by a military commissioner with the powers of governor until the territory was organized and incorporated.[9]

Federal Military Commissioner of Florida  Commissioner  | Term in office  | Appointed by  | Notes

|
|
|

File:Andrew Jackson.jpg | Andrew Jackson | March 10, 1821

December 31, 1821  | James Monroe | [a][b]

### Governors of the Territory of Florida[edit | edit source]

Florida Territory was organized on March 30, 1822, combining East and West Florida.[14]

* Note Florida State Secretary William Mason McCarty served as Governor 1827[15]

Governors of the Territory of Florida  No. | Governor  | Term in office  | Appointed by

|
|
|

1  | File:2 Duval.jpg | William Pope Duval | April 17, 1822

April 24, 1834  | James Monroe
John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson
2  | File:John Eaton.jpg | John Eaton | April 24, 1834

March 16, 1836
3  | File:Richardkeithcall.jpg | Richard K. Call | March 16, 1836

December 2, 1839
4  | File:Robert Raymond Reid.jpg | Robert R. Reid | December 2, 1839

March 19, 1841  | Martin Van Buren
5  | File:Richardkeithcall.jpg | Richard K. Call | March 19, 1841

August 11, 1844  | William Henry Harrison
John Tyler
6  | File:JohnBranch2.jpg | John Branch | August 11, 1844

June 25, 1845

### Governors of the State of Florida[edit | edit source]

The State of Florida was admitted to the Union on March 3, 1845. It seceded from the Union on January 10, 1861,[16] and joined the Confederate States of America on February 8, 1861,[17] as a founding member. Following the end of the American Civil War, it was part of the Third Military District.[18] Florida was readmitted to the Union on June 25, 1868.[19]

The Florida Constitution of 1838 provided that a governor be elected every 4 years, who was not allowed to serve consecutive terms.[20] The secessionist constitution of 1861 would have reduced this to two years and removed the term limit,[21] but the state fell to the Union before the first election under that constitution. The rejected constitution of 1865 and the ratified constitution of 1868 maintained the four-year term,[22][23] though without the earlier term limit, which was reintroduced in the 1885 constitution.[24] The current constitution of 1968 states that should the governor serve, or would have served had he not resigned, more than six years in two consecutive terms, he cannot be elected to the succeeding term.[25] The start of a term was set in 1885 at the first Tuesday after the first Monday in the January following the election,[24] where it has remained.[26]

Originally, the president of the state senate acted as governor should that office be vacant.[27] The 1865 and 1868 constitutions created the office of lieutenant governor,[28][29] who would similarly act as governor. This office was abolished in 1885, with the president of the senate again taking on that duty.[30] The 1968 constitution recreated the office of lieutenant governor, who now becomes governor in the absence of the governor.[31] The governor and lieutenant governor are elected on the same ticket.[25]

Florida was a strongly Democratic state before the Civil War, electing only one candidate from the Whig party (the Democrat's chief opposition at the time).[32] It elected three Republican governors following Reconstruction, but after the Democratic Party re-established control, 90 years passed before voters chose another Republican.

Governors of the State of Florida[c] No. | Governor  | Term in office  | Party  | Election  | Lt. Governor[d][e]

|
|
|
|
|

1  | File:8 Moseley.jpg |  | William Dunn Moseley
February 1, 1795 – January 4, 1863
(aged 67) | June 25, 1845

October 1, 1849
(term limited) | Democratic | 1845 | Office did not exist
2  | File:Florida Governor Thomas Brown.jpg |  | Thomas Brown
October 24, 1785 – August 24, 1867
(aged 81) | October 1, 1849

October 3, 1853
(term limited) | Whig | 1848
3  | File:Florida Governor James E. Broome.jpg |  | James E. Broome
December 15, 1808 – November 23, 1883
(aged 74) | October 3, 1853

October 5, 1857
(term limited) | Democratic | 1852
4  | File:Florida Governor Madison S. Perry.jpg | Madison S. Perry
1814 – March 1865
(aged 50–51) | October 5, 1857

October 7, 1861
(term limited) | Democratic | 1856
5  | File:John Milton Florida.jpg | John Milton
April 20, 1807 – April 1, 1865
(aged 57) | October 7, 1861

April 1, 1865
(died in office)[f] | Democratic | 1860
6  | File:Florida Governor Abraham K. Allison.jpg | Abraham K. Allison
December 10, 1814 – July 8, 1893
(aged 78) | April 1, 1865

May 19, 1865
(resigned)[g] | Democratic | President of
the Senate
acting as
Governor
— | Vacant | May 19, 1865

July 13, 1865 | —  | Office vacated
after civil war
7  | File:Florida Governor William Marvin.jpg |  | William Marvin
April 14, 1808 – July 9, 1902
(aged 94) | July 13, 1865

December 20, 1865
(provisional term ended) | —  | Provisional
governor
appointed by
President[h]
8  | File:Florida Governor David S. Walker.jpg |  | David S. Walker
May 2, 1815 – July 20, 1891
(aged 76) | December 20, 1865

July 4, 1868  | Democratic[i] | 1865 |  | William W. J. Kelly[j]
9  |  |  | Harrison Reed
August 26, 1813 – May 25, 1899
(aged 85) | July 4, 1868[k]

January 7, 1873
(not candidate for election) | Republican | 1868 | William Henry Gleason
(removed December 14, 1868)[l]
Vacant
| Edmund C. Weeks
(appointed January 24, 1870)
(term ended December 27, 1870)[m]
Samuel T. Day
(took office December 27, 1870)
10  | File:Florida Governor Ossian B. Hart.jpg | Ossian B. Hart
January 17, 1821 – March 18, 1874
(aged 53) | January 7, 1873

March 18, 1874
(died in office) | Republican | 1872 | Marcellus Stearns
11  | File:Florida Governor Marcellus Stearns.png | Marcellus Stearns
April 29, 1839 – December 8, 1891
(aged 52) | March 18, 1874

January 2, 1877
(lost election) | Republican | Lieutenant
Governor
acting as
Governor | Acting as Governor
12  | File:Florida Governor George Franklin Drew.jpg |  | George Franklin Drew
July 9, 1835 – March 15, 1911
(aged 73) | January 2, 1877

January 4, 1881
(not candidate for election) | Democratic | 1876 |  | Noble A. Hull
(resigned March 3, 1879)
Vacant
13  | File:Florida Governor William Bloxham.jpg | William D. Bloxham
July 9, 1835 – March 15, 1911
(aged 75) | January 4, 1881

January 7, 1885
(lost renomination) | Democratic | 1880 |  | Livingston W. Bethel
14  | File:Florida Governor Edward A. Perry.jpg | Edward A. Perry
March 15, 1831 – October 15, 1889
(aged 58) | January 7, 1885

January 8, 1889
(term limited) | Democratic | 1884 | Milton H. Mabry
15  | File:FPFleming.jpg | Francis P. Fleming
September 28, 1841 – December 20, 1908
(aged 67) | January 8, 1889

January 3, 1893
(term limited) | Democratic | 1888 | Office did not exist
16  | File:Henry L Mitchell.jpg | Henry L. Mitchell
September 3, 1831 – October 14, 1903
(aged 72) | January 3, 1893

January 5, 1897
(term limited) | Democratic | 1892
17  | File:Florida Governor William Bloxham.jpg | William D. Bloxham
July 9, 1835 – March 15, 1911
(aged 75) | January 5, 1897

January 8, 1901
(term limited) | Democratic | 1896
18  | File:William Sherman Jennings.jpg | William Sherman Jennings
March 24, 1863 – February 27, 1920
(aged 56) | January 8, 1901

January 3, 1905
(term limited) | Democratic | 1900
19  | File:Napoleon Bonaparte Broward.jpg | Napoleon B. Broward
April 19, 1857 – October 1, 1910
(aged 53) | January 3, 1905

January 5, 1909
(term limited) | Democratic | 1904
20  | File:Florida Governor Albert W. Gilchrist.jpg | Albert W. Gilchrist
January 15, 1858 – May 15, 1926
(aged 67) | January 5, 1909

January 7, 1913
(term limited) | Democratic | 1908
21  |  | Park Trammell
April 9, 1876 – May 8, 1936
(aged 60) | January 7, 1913

January 2, 1917
(term limited) | Democratic | 1912
22  | File:Sidney Johnston Catts in 1916 (cropped).jpg |  | Sidney Johnston Catts
July 31, 1863 – March 9, 1936
(aged 72) | January 2, 1917

January 4, 1921
(term limited) | Prohibition | 1916
23  | File:Cary Hardee portrait.jpg |  | Cary A. Hardee
November 13, 1876 – November 21, 1957
(aged 81) | January 4, 1921

January 6, 1925
(term limited) | Democratic | 1920
24  | File:Florida Governor John Martin.jpg | John W. Martin
June 21, 1884 – February 22, 1958
(aged 73) | January 6, 1925

January 8, 1929
(term limited) | Democratic | 1924
25  | File:Doyle E. Carlton.jpg | Doyle E. Carlton
July 6, 1885 – October 25, 1972
(aged 87) | January 8, 1929

January 3, 1933
(term limited) | Democratic | 1928
26  | File:33 Sholtz.jpg | David Sholtz
October 6, 1891 – March 21, 1953
(aged 61) | January 3, 1933

January 5, 1937
(term limited) | Democratic | 1932
27  | File:Florida Governor Frederick Cone.jpg | Fred P. Cone
September 28, 1871 – July 28, 1948
(aged 76) | January 5, 1937

January 7, 1941
(term limited) | Democratic | 1936
28  | File:Sen Spessard Holland.jpg | Spessard Holland
July 10, 1892 – November 6, 1971
(aged 79) | January 7, 1941

January 2, 1945
(term limited) | Democratic | 1940
29  | File:Millard F. Caldwell.jpg | Millard Caldwell
February 6, 1897 – October 23, 1984
(aged 87) | January 2, 1945

January 4, 1949
(term limited) | Democratic | 1944
30  | File:37 Warren.jpg | Fuller Warren
October 3, 1905 – September 23, 1973
(aged 67) | January 4, 1949

January 6, 1953
(term limited) | Democratic | 1948
31  | File:Daniel T. McCarty.jpg | Daniel T. McCarty
January 18, 1912 – September 28, 1991
(aged 41) | January 6, 1953

September 28, 1953
(died in office) | Democratic | 1952
32  | File:Charley Eugene Johns 1963.jpg | Charley Eugene Johns
February 27, 1905 – January 23, 1990
(aged 84) | September 28, 1953

January 4, 1955
(lost election) | Democratic | President of
the Senate
acting as
Governor
33  | File:LeRoy Collins.jpg | LeRoy Collins
March 10, 1909 – March 12, 1991
(aged 82) | January 4, 1955

January 3, 1961
(term limited) | Democratic | 1954
(special)[n]
1956
34  | File:C. Farris Bryant.jpg | C. Farris Bryant
July 26, 1914 – March 1, 2002
(aged 87) | January 3, 1961

January 5, 1965
(term limited) | Democratic | 1960
35  | File:W Haydon Burns.jpg | W. Haydon Burns
March 7, 1912 – November 22, 1987
(aged 85) | January 5, 1965

January 3, 1967
(lost election) | Democratic | 1964[o]
36  | File:Governor Claude R Kirk.jpg |  | Claude R. Kirk Jr.
January 7, 1926 – September 28, 2011
(aged 85) | January 3, 1967

January 5, 1971
(lost election) | Republican | 1966
| Ray C. Osborne
(office created January 7, 1969)
37  | File:Florida Governor Reubin Askew.jpg |  | Reubin Askew
September 11, 1928 – March 13, 2014
(aged 85) | January 5, 1971

January 2, 1979
(term limited) | Democratic | 1970 |  | Thomas Burton Adams Jr.
1974 | Jim Williams
38  | File:Portrait of Florida Governor Bob Graham.jpg | Bob Graham
(1936-11-09) November 9, 1936 (age 89) | January 2, 1979

January 3, 1987
(resigned)[p] | Democratic | 1978 | Wayne Mixson
1982
39  | File:John Wayne Mixson.jpg | Wayne Mixson
June 16, 1922 – July 8, 2020
(aged 98) | January 3, 1987

January 6, 1987
(successor took office) | Democratic | Succeeded from
Lieutenant
Governor | Vacant
40  | File:Portrait of Florida Governor Robert Martinez.jpg |  | Bob Martinez
(1934-12-25) December 25, 1934 (age 91) | January 6, 1987

January 8, 1991
(lost election) | Republican | 1986 |  | Bobby Brantley
41  | File:Lawton Chiles Governor portrait.jpg |  | Lawton Chiles
April 3, 1930 – December 12, 1998
(aged 68) | January 8, 1991

December 12, 1998
(died in office) | Democratic | 1990 |  | Buddy MacKay
1994
42  | File:Buddy MacKay (official portrait).jpg | Buddy MacKay
(1933-03-22) March 22, 1933 (age 92) | December 12, 1998

January 5, 1999
(successor took office)[q] | Democratic | Succeeded from
Lieutenant
Governor | Vacant
43  | File:Gov Jeb Bush.jpg |  | Jeb Bush
(1953-02-11) February 11, 1953 (age 72) | January 5, 1999

January 2, 2007
(term limited) | Republican | 1998 |  | Frank Brogan
(resigned March 3, 2003)
2002
Toni Jennings
44  | File:Charlie Crist official portrait crop.jpg | Charlie Crist
(1956-07-24) July 24, 1956 (age 69) | January 2, 2007

January 4, 2011
(not candidate for election) | Republican[r] | 2006 | Jeff Kottkamp
| Independent[s]
45  | File:Rick Scott (cropped).jpg |  | Rick Scott
(1952-12-01) December 1, 1952 (age 73) | January 4, 2011

January 7, 2019[t]
(term limited) | Republican | 2010 | Jennifer Carroll
(resigned March 12, 2013)
Vacant
| Carlos Lopez-Cantera
(appointed February 3, 2014)
2014
46  | File:Florida Governor Ron DeSantis, 2020.jpg | Ron DeSantis
(1978-09-14) September 14, 1978 (age 47) | January 8, 2019

Incumbent[u] | Republican | 2018 | Jeanette Núñez

## Living former governors of Florida[edit | edit source]

There are six living former governors of Florida, the oldest being Buddy MacKay (served 1998–1999, born 1933). The most recent death of a former governor was that of Wayne Mixson (served 1987, born 1922), on July 8, 2020. The most recently serving governor to die was Lawton Chiles (served 1991–1998, born 1930), who died in office on December 12, 1998.

The living former governors, in order of service, are:

Governor  | Gubernatorial term  | Date of birth (and age)

|
|

Bob Graham | 1979–1987  |  (1936-11-09) November 9, 1936 (age 89)
Bob Martinez | 1987–1991  |  (1934-12-25) December 25, 1934 (age 91)
Buddy MacKay | 1998–1999  |  (1933-03-22) March 22, 1933 (age 92)
Jeb Bush | 1999–2007  |  (1953-02-11) February 11, 1953 (age 72)
Charlie Crist | 2007–2011  |  (1956-07-24) July 24, 1956 (age 69)
Rick Scott | 2011–2019  |  (1952-12-01) December 1, 1952 (age 73)

## Federal offices held[edit | edit source]

Eighteen of Florida's governors have served higher federal offices: five have represented Florida in the U.S. House of Representatives, while three represented other states; five have represented Florida in the U.S. Senate, while two represented other states; eight have served in federal appointed office, with three serving in the Cabinet, two serving as ambassadors, one serving as a federal judge, and three serving as the heads of government agencies.

Governor  | Gubernatorial term  | U.S. House | U.S. Senate | Other offices held

|
|
|
|

William Pope Duval[v] | 1822–1834  | H[w] | —  |
John Eaton[v] | 1834–1836  | —  | S[x] | U.S. Secretary of War, U.S. Minister to Spain
Richard K. Call[v] | 1836–1839

1841–1844

| H  | —  |
Robert R. Reid[v] | 1839–1841  | H[y] | —  |
John Branch[v] | 1839–1841  | H[z] | S[z] | U.S. Secretary of the Navy
William Marvin | 1865  | —  | —  | U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of Florida
Park Trammell | 1913–1917  | —  | S  |
Spessard Holland | 1941–1945  | —  | S  |
Millard Caldwell | 1945–1949  | H  | —  | Administrator of the Federal Civil Defense Administration
C. Farris Bryant | 1961–1965  | —  | —  | Director of the Office of Emergency Planning
Ruben Askew | 1971–1979  | —  | —  | U.S. Trade Representative
Bob Graham | 1979–1987  | —  | S  |
Bob Martinez | 1987–1991  | —  | —  | Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy
Lawton Chiles | 1991–1998  | —  | S  |
Buddy McKay | 1998–1999  | H  | —  | U.S. Special Envoy for the Americas
Charlie Crist | 2007–2011  | H  | —  |
Rick Scott | 2011–2019  | —  | S  |
Ron DeSantis | 2019–present | H  | —  |

## Line of succession[edit | edit source]

See also: Gubernatorial lines of succession in the United States § Florida

Since 2003, the line of succession to the office of governor has been as follows:[46]

1. Lieutenant Governor, currently Jeanette Núñez
2. Attorney General, currently Ashley Moody
3. Chief Financial Officer, currently Jimmy Patronis
4. Commissioner of Agriculture, currently Nikki Fried

Whenever the governor is unable or unwilling to discharge the office, either temporarily or permanently, the lieutenant governor takes over all the duties of the governorship either until the governor is able to resume the office or until the next election. At any time that the governor is on trial for impeachment, the lieutenant governor becomes the acting governor. Additionally, at any time that three members of the cabinet and the chief justice of the Supreme Court agree on the governor's mental or physical unfitness for office, they may suspend and reinstate the governor, pursuant to Article IV, Section 3 of the Florida Constitution.

If a vacancy occurs in the office of governor and a successor within the above-stated line of succession can not fill the vacancy, the speaker of the Florida House of Representatives and the president of the Senate must convene the Legislature by joint proclamation within 15 days for the purpose of choosing a person to serve as governor for the remainder of the term. A successor can only be chosen by a majority vote in a joint session of both houses.[47]

If, after the appointment of a lieutenant governor, a vacancy occurs in the office of governor with more than 28 months remaining in the term and the appointed lieutenant governor becomes governor, voters must choose a governor and lieutenant governor to serve out the remainder of the terms at the next general election.[47]

## Acting Governor[edit | edit source]

Florida has had a number of people serve as “Acting Governor”. The state's first three Constitutions provided that the succession in office became operative whenever the Governor was out of the state. Thus, in 1853 when Governor Thomas Brown attended an event in Boston—the Senate President who would normally succeed the Governor at the time was also out of state. Therefore, the Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives, A.K. Allison, became “Acting Governor” on September 16, 1853. He served for 17 days.[48]

Only seven weeks after his inauguration, Governor McCarty suffered a heart attack. He died in September 1953. The President of the Senate, Charley E. Johns, took over as “Acting Governor” until an election could be held in November 1954 to till out Governor McCarty's term.[49]

Article IV Section 3 (b) of the Florida Constitution now calls for the Lieutenant Governor to “act as Governor” during the Governor's physical or mental incapacity. This provision has been invoked one time. On June 18, 2008 Governor Charlie Crist filed a Proclamation with the Secretary of State transferring power of the Office of Governor to Lt. Governor Jeff Kottkamp pursuant to the Constitutional provision while he underwent knee surgery.[50]

## See also[edit | edit source]

* List of Florida state legislatures

## Notes[edit | edit source]

1. ^ Jackson's official titles were "Commissioner of the United States" and "Governor of East and West Florida".[10]
2. ^ Jackson left Florida on October 8, 1821.[11] His resignation was submitted on November 13, 1821,[12] and the president accepted it on December 31, 1821.[13]
3. ^ Data is sourced from the National Governors Association, unless supplemental references are required.
4. ^ The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1868,[28] abolished in 1885,[30] and recreated in 1968.[31]
5. ^ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
6. ^ Milton committed suicide due to the pending defeat of the Confederate States of America, stating in his final address to the legislature that "death would be preferable to reunion."[33]
7. ^ Allison resigned to go into hiding from approaching Union troops, and was captured by them on June 19, 1865.[34]
8. ^ Marvin was appointed provisional governor by the Union occupation.[35]
9. ^ Most sources state Walker was a Democrat; the state archives say he was "Conservative".[36]
10. ^ Represented the Republican Party
11. ^ Reed was popularly elected under the terms of the 1868 constitution, and took the oath of office on June 8, 1868; it was not until July 4, 1868, however, that the federal commander of Florida, still under Reconstruction, recognized the validity of the state constitution and the election.[37]
12. ^ During an attempted impeachment of Reed, Gleason proclaimed himself governor. The Supreme Court eventually sided with Reed, and Gleason was removed from office.[38]
13. ^ Appointed as temporary lieutenant governor to replace William Henry Gleason. However, the state comptroller did not believe the governor could appoint a replacement to an elected office and refused to pay Weeks, and the Senate refused to accept his presidency over them, even proposing a motion to arrest him. Governor Reed called for a special election to replace him, and though Weeks fought it, the Florida Supreme Court declared his term to have ended when the new election results were certified.[39]
14. ^ Special election to fill the remainder of McCarty's term[40]
15. ^ This term was only two years as the election schedule was changed so that it would not coincide with presidential elections.[41]
16. ^ Graham resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate.[42]
17. ^ MacKay was a candidate in the 1998 election but lost; he succeeded Lawton Chiles after the election but before his successor took office.
18. ^ Crist was elected as a member of the Republican Party, and switched to independent in April 2010.[43]
19. ^ Crist was elected as a member of the Republican Party, and switched to independent in April 2010.[44]
20. ^ Due to Ron DeSantis and Jeannette Núñez taking their oath of office ahead of time, they became governor and lieutenant governor at midnight on January 8, rather than waiting for an inauguration ceremony. Thus, Scott and Lopez-Cantera's terms ended at the end of January 7.[45]
21. ^ DeSantis' first term expires on January 3, 2023.
22. ^ a b c d e Territorial governor.
23. ^ Served in Kentucky.
24. ^ Served in Tennessee.
25. ^ Served in Georgia
26. ^ a b Served in North Carolina.

## References[edit | edit source]

General

* "Former Florida Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
* "A Guide to Florida Governors and the Florida Cabinet". State Library and Archives of Florida. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
* Buccellato, Robert (2015). Florida Governors Lasting Legacies (Images of America). Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-1467113694.
* Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789–1978, Vol. I. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466015. Retrieved July 10, 2019.

Constitutions

* "Constitution of the State of Florida". Florida Legislature. 1968. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
* "Constitution of 1885". State Library and Archives of Florida. 1885. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
* "Constitution of 1868". State Library and Archives of Florida. 1868. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
* "Constitution of 1865". State Library and Archives of Florida. 1865. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
* "Constitution of the State of Florida". State Library and Archives of Florida. 1868. Archived from the original on March 6, 2010. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
* "Constitution of 1838". State Library and Archives of Florida. 1838. Retrieved April 19, 2015.

Specific

1. ^ "CSG Releases 2013 Governor Salaries". The Council of State Governments. June 25, 2013. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
2. ^ FL Const. art. IV, § 1a
3. ^ FL Const. art. III, § 8
4. ^ FL Const. art. III, § 3c
5. ^ FL Const. art. IV, § 8
6. ^ "MIXSON TO BE GOVERNOR FOR 3 DAYS GRAHAM WILL QUIT EARLY SO HE CAN RUN FOR U.S. SENATE SEAT". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
7. ^ "Governor of Florida".
8. ^ "Adams-Onís Treaty". Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture. Oklahoma Historical Society. Archived from the original on July 31, 2010. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
9. ^ "Andrew Jackson, Commissioner of the United States". Florida Department of State. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
10. ^ "Andrew Jackson". State Library and Archives of Florida. Archived from the original on February 2, 2010. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
11. ^ Morris, Allen; Joan Perry Morris (1999). The Florida Handbook, 1999–2000. Peninsular Books. ISBN 978-0-9616000-7-5. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
12. ^ Harold D. Moser; David R. Hoth; George H. Hoemann, eds. (1996). The Papers of Andrew Jackson: 1821–1824. University of Tennessee Press. p. 513\. ISBN 0-87049-897-5. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
13. ^ Stanislaus Murray Hamilton, ed. (1902). The Writings of James Monroe. G.P. Putnam's Sons. p. 207. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
14. ^ Peters, Virginia Bergman (1979). The Florida Wars. Hamden: The Shoestring Press. pp. 63–74. ISBN 0-208-01719-4.
15. ^ Congressional biography
16. ^ "Florida and the Civil War" A Short History". Florida Memory. State Library & Archives of Florida. Archived from the original on April 26, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
17. ^ "February 1861–1865". This Day in History. Florida Historical Society. Archived from the original on January 10, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
18. ^ Cox, Merlin (January 1968). "Military Reconstruction in Florida". Florida Historical Quarterly. 46 (3): 219.
19. ^ "June in Florida History". This Day in History. Florida Historical Society. Archived from the original on October 14, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
20. ^ 1838 Const. art III, § 2
21. ^ 1861 Const. art. III, § 2
22. ^ 1865 Const. art. III, § 2
23. ^ 1868 Const. art. V, § 2
24. ^ a b 1885 Const. art. IV, § 2
25. ^ a b FL Const. art. IV, § 5
26. ^ FL Const. art. IV, § 2
27. ^ 1838 Const. art III, § 18
28. ^ a b 1865 Const. art. III, § 19
29. ^ 1868 Const. art. V, § 15
30. ^ a b 1885 Const. art. IV, § 19
31. ^ a b FL Const. art. IV, § 3
32. ^ "Whig Party | History, Beliefs, Significance, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-10-19.
33. ^ "John Milton". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
34. ^ "Abraham Kurkindolle Allison". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
35. ^ "William Marvin". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
36. ^ "David Shelby Walker". State Library and Archives of Florida. Archived from the original on January 23, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
37. ^ "Florida Governors' Portraits – Harrison Reed". Museum of Florida History. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014. Retrieved March 30, 2010.
38. ^ Davis, William Watson (1913). The Civil War and Reconstruction in Florida, Volume 53. Columbia University. pp. 550–555. ISBN 9780722201985. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
39. ^ Cases argued and adjudged in the Supreme Court of Florida. Vol. XIII. State of Florida. 1871. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
40. ^ "Thomas Leroy Collins". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
41. ^ "Haydon Burns". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
42. ^ "Daniel Robert Graham". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
43. ^ "Can Crist Win in Florida as an Independent?". Time. May 3, 2010. Archived from the original on May 5, 2010. Retrieved July 14, 2010.
44. ^ "Can Crist Win in Florida as an Independent?". Time. May 3, 2010. Archived from the original on May 5, 2010. Retrieved July 14, 2010.
45. ^ "DeSantis already governor when ceremony begins". Tampa Bay Times. January 5, 2019. Retrieved January 9, 2019.
46. ^ "States' Lines of Succession of Gubernatorial Powers" (PDF). National Emergency Management Association (NEMA). May 2011. Retrieved March 27, 2015.
47. ^ a b "Succession to office of Governor". The Florida Legislature. Retrieved May 1, 2015.
48. ^ Allen Morris & Joan Perry Morris, “The Florida Handbook” 2007-2008.
49. ^ Charlton W. Tebeau, “A History of Florida” (Revised Edition 1980).
50. ^ "Gov. Crist Has Surgery on Knee".

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Governors and executives of U.S. states and territories

President of the United States: ▌Joe Biden (D)

▌Ivey (R)

▌Dunleavy (R)

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▌Hutchinson (R)

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▌Lamont (D)

▌Carney (D)

▌DeSantis (R)

▌Kemp (R)

▌Ige (D)

▌Little (R)

▌Pritzker (D)

▌Holcomb (R)

▌Reynolds (R)

▌Kelly (D)

▌Beshear (D)

▌Edwards (D)

▌Mills (D)

▌Hogan (R)

▌Baker (R)

▌Whitmer (D)

▌Walz (DFL)

▌Reeves (R)

▌Parson (R)

▌Gianforte (R)

▌Ricketts (R)

▌Sisolak (D)

▌Sununu (R)

▌Murphy (D)

▌Lujan Grisham (D)

▌Hochul (D)

▌Cooper (D)

▌Burgum (R)

▌DeWine (R)

▌Stitt (R)

▌Brown (D)

▌Wolf (D)

▌McKee (D)

▌McMaster (R)

▌Noem (R)

▌Lee (R)

▌Abbott (R)

▌Cox (R)

▌Scott (R)

▌Youngkin (R)

▌Inslee (D)

▌Justice (R)

▌Evers (D)

▌Gordon (R)

▌Bowser (D), Mayor

Territories:

▌Mauga (D)

▌Guerrero (D)

▌Torres (R)

▌Pierluisi (PNP/D)

▌Bryan (D)

* ▌Republican: 29 (28 states, 1 territory)
* ▌Democratic: 27 (22 states, 4 territories, 1 district)

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Governors of Florida

Military (1821)|

* Jackson

File:Seal of Florida.svg

Territorial (1822-1845)|

* Duval
* Eaton
* Call
* Reid
* Call
* Branch

State (since 1845)|

* Moseley
* Brown
* Broome
* Perry
* Milton
* Allison
* Marvin
* Walker
* Reed
* Hart
* Stearns
* Drew
* Bloxham
* Perry
* Fleming
* Mitchell
* Bloxham
* Jennings
* Broward
* Gilchrist
* Trammell
* Catts
* Hardee
* Martin
* Carlton
* Sholtz
* Cone
* Holland
* Caldwell
* Warren
* McCarty
* Johns
* Collins
* Bryant
* Burns
* Kirk
* Askew
* Graham
* Mixson
* Martinez
* Chiles
* MacKay
* Bush
* Crist
* Scott
* DeSantis

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Years in Florida (1845–present) File:Flag of Florida.svg

19th century|

* Pre-1845
* 1845
* 1846
* 1847
* 1848
* 1849
* 1850
* 1851
* 1852
* 1853
* 1854
* 1855
* 1856
* 1857
* 1858
* 1859
* 1860
* 1861
* 1862
* 1863
* 1864
* 1865
* 1866
* 1867
* 1868
* 1869
* 1870
* 1871
* 1872
* 1873
* 1874
* 1875
* 1876
* 1877
* 1878
* 1879
* 1880
* 1881
* 1882
* 1883
* 1884
* 1885
* 1886
* 1887
* 1888
* 1889
* 1890
* 1891
* 1892
* 1893
* 1894
* 1895
* 1896
* 1897
* 1898
* 1899
* 1900

20th century|

* 1901
* 1902
* 1903
* 1904
* 1905
* 1906
* 1907
* 1908
* 1909
* 1910
* 1911
* 1912
* 1913
* 1914
* 1915
* 1916
* 1917
* 1918
* 1919
* 1920
* 1921
* 1922
* 1923
* 1924
* 1925
* 1926
* 1927
* 1928
* 1929
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* 1931
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* 1933
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* 1935
* 1936
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* 1939
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* 1972
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* 1975
* 1976
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* 1979
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* 1983
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* 1985
* 1986
* 1987
* 1988
* 1989
* 1990
* 1991
* 1992
* 1993
* 1994
* 1995
* 1996
* 1997
* 1998
* 1999
* 2000

21st century|

* 2001
* 2002
* 2003
* 2004
* 2005
* 2006
* 2007
* 2008
* 2009
* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022

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Chief executives of the United States

Federal|

* President of the United States
* list

State governors
(current list)|

* Alabama
* Alaska
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* list
* Colorado
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* Washington
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* list
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Territorial
(current list)|

* American Samoa
* District of Columbia
* list
* Guam
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Puerto Rico
* list
* United States Virgin Islands

Defunct|

* Cuba
* Dakota Territory
* Panama Canal Zone
* Philippine Islands (until 1935)
* Philippine Commonwealth (until 1946)
* Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
* Santo Domingo

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State of Florida

Tallahassee (capital)

Topics|

* Index
* Ballot measures
* Climate (Climate change)
* Congressional
* Delegations
* Districts
* Education
* Environment (Environmental issues)
* Fauna
* Flora
* Geology
* Government
* Hurricanes
* Law
* Mass media
* Newspapers
* Radio
* TV
* Symbols
* Flag
* Motto
* Seal
* Tourist attractions
* Transportation

History|

* Timeline
* Spanish Florida
* Missions
* British Rule
* East Florida
* West Florida
* Seminole
* Florida Territory
* Seminole Wars
* Slavery
* Plantations of Leon County
* Civil War
* Florida East Coast Railway
* Florida land boom of the 1920s
* Cape Canaveral
* Kennedy Space Center
* Disney World

Geography|

* Beaches
* Caves
* Everglades (Drainage and development)
* Keys
* Lakes
* Lake Okeechobee
* Reef
* Rivers
* Sinkholes
* Springs
* State forests
* State parks
* Swamps

Major
hurricanes|

* Florida Keys (1919)
* Tampa Bay (1921)
* Miami (1926)
* Okeechobee (1928)
* Florida Keys (1929)
* Treasure Coast (1933)
* Labor Day (1935)
* Dry Tortugas (1944)
* Homestead (1945)
* Fort Lauderdale (1947)
* South Florida (1948)
* 1949 Florida hurricane
* Easy (1950)
* King (1950)
* Donna (1960)
* Betsy (1965)
* Eloise (1975)
* Elena (1985)
* Andrew (1992)
* Opal (1995)
* Charley (2004)
* Frances (2004)
* Ivan (2004)
* Jeanne (2004)
* Dennis (2005)
* Wilma (2005)
* Matthew (2016)
* Irma (2017)
* Michael (2018)
* Dorian (2019)
* Sally (2020)
* Ian (2022)

Society|

* African-American
* Crime
* Cuban-American culture
* Miami
* Tampa
* Culture
* Demographics
* Economy
* Education
* Floridians
* Haitian-American culture
* Delray Beach
* Miami
* Indigenous peoples
* Everglades
* Politics
* Sports

Regions|

* Big Bend
* Central Florida
* Emerald Coast
* Everglades
* First Coast
* Forgotten Coast
* Gold Coast
* Halifax area
* Heartland
* Keys
* Nature Coast
* North Central Florida
* North Florida
* Panhandle
* South Florida
* Southwest Florida
* Space Coast
* Suncoast
* Tampa Bay Area
* Treasure Coast

Metro areas|

* Cape Coral–Fort Myers
* Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin
* Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach
* Gainesville
* Homosassa Springs
* Jacksonville
* Lakeland–Winter Haven
* Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach
* Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island
* North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton
* Ocala
* Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford
* Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville
* Panama City
* Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent
* Port St. Lucie
* Punta Gorda
* Sebastian-Vero Beach
* Sebring
* Tallahassee
* Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
* The Villages

Largest cities|

* Jacksonville
* Miami
* Tampa
* Orlando
* St. Petersburg
* Hialeah
* Tallahassee
* Port St. Lucie
* Fort Lauderdale
* West Palm Beach
* Cape Coral
* Pembroke Pines
* Hollywood
* Miramar

Counties|

* Alachua
* Baker
* Bay
* Bradford
* Brevard
* Broward
* Calhoun
* Charlotte
* Citrus
* Clay
* Collier
* Columbia
* DeSoto
* Dixie
* Duval
* Escambia
* Flagler
* Franklin
* Gadsden
* Gilchrist
* Glades
* Gulf
* Hamilton
* Hardee
* Hendry
* Hernando
* Highlands
* Hillsborough
* Holmes
* Indian River
* Jackson
* Jefferson
* Lafayette
* Lake
* Lee
* Leon
* Levy
* Liberty
* Madison
* Manatee
* Marion
* Martin
* Miami‑Dade
* Monroe
* Mosquito (former county)
* Nassau
* Okaloosa
* Okeechobee
* Orange
* Osceola
* Palm Beach
* Pasco
* Pinellas
* Polk
* Putnam
* Santa Rosa
* Sarasota
* Seminole
* St. Johns
* St. Lucie
* Sumter
* Suwannee
* Taylor
* Union
* Volusia
* Wakulla
* Walton
* Washington

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