List of governors of Maryland

For a list of colonial governors, see List of colonial governors of Maryland.

The governor of Maryland is the head of government of the U.S. state of Maryland and is commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.[1] The governor is the highest-ranking official in the state, and the constitutional powers of Maryland's governors make them among the most powerful governors in the United States.[2]

Since the American Revolution (1775–1783), Maryland has had four state constitutions that have specified different terms of office and methods of selection of its governors. Under the constitution of 1776, governors were appointed by the General Assembly legislature to one-year terms and could be reelected for two additional terms.[3] An 1838 constitutional amendment allowed the direct election of governors to 3-year terms,[3] although the governors came from rotating election districts of regions. The terms were lengthened to four years in the 1851 Constitution and election districts were abolished in the 1864 version.[1] Since then, under the current heavily amended Maryland Constitution of 1867 governors have been elected by the entire state of Maryland for a four-year term.[3]

Maryland governors are limited to two consecutive terms, making former two-term governors eligible to run after four years out of office.[1] Thomas Sim Lee, Daniel Martin, and Robert Bowie have served non-consecutive terms as Governor of Maryland. Albert C. Ritchie holds the record of Maryland's longest-serving governor with almost 15 years of service (1920–1935).[4] Maryland has never yet had a female governor although four have been nominated by their parties since 1974.[5] One woman, Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, served as Lieutenant Governor under Parris Glendening from 1995 to 2003.[6]

The current governor is Republican Larry Hogan, who took office on January 21, 2015.[7]

## Contents

* 1 Governors
* 2 Succession
* 3 Living former governors of Maryland
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## Governors[edit | edit source]

Federalist (8)  Democratic-Republican (9)  Anti-Jacksonian (3)  Jacksonian (1)  Whig (3)  Democratic (28)  Constitutional Union (1)  Republican (9)

Governor[5] | Term in office[8] | Party  | Term  | Previous office[8] | Lieutenant governor[6][a]
1  | File:Thomas Johnson (governor).jpeg |  | Thomas Johnson
(1732-11-04)November 4, 1732 – (1819-10-26)October 26, 1819
(Aged 86) | March 21, 1777

November 12, 1779
| Independent | 1
(1777) | Continental Congress
(1774–1775) | None

(1778)
2  | File:No image.svg | Thomas Sim Lee
(1745-10-29)October 29, 1745 – (1819-11-09)November 9, 1819
(Aged 74) | November 12, 1779

November 22, 1782
| Independent  | 3
(1779) | Governor's Executive Council
(1777–1779)

(1780)

(1781)
3  | File:William paca.jpg | William Paca
(1740-10-31)October 31, 1740 – (1799-10-13)October 13, 1799
(Aged 58) | November 22, 1782

November 26, 1785
| Independent  | 6
(1782) | Maryland State Senator
(1777–1779)

(1783)

(1784)
4  | File:General William Smallwood SC-000580.jpg | William Smallwood
1732 – (1792-02-14)February 14, 1792
(Aged 59–60) | November 26, 1785

November 24, 1788
| Independent  | 9
(1785) | Major General
Continental Army

Maryland State Delegate
(1761–1774)

(1786)

(1787)
5  | File:Johneagerhoward.jpg |  | John Eager Howard
(1752-06-04)June 4, 1752 – (1827-10-12)October 12, 1827
(Aged 75) | November 24, 1788

November 14, 1791
| Federalist | 12
(1788) | Colonel
Continental Army

Continental Congress
(1787–1788)

(1789)

(1790)
6  | File:George Plater portrait.jpg | George Plater
(1735-11-08)November 8, 1735 – (1792-02-10)February 10, 1792
(Aged 56) | November 14, 1791

February 10, 1792
| Federalist  | 15
(1791) | Maryland State Senator
(1777–1790)
| File:Governor James Brice - Charles Willson Peale.jpg | James Brice
(1746-08-26)August 26, 1746 – (1801-07-11)July 11, 1801
(Aged 55) | February 10, 1792

April 5, 1792[b] | Federalist  | Mayor of Annapolis

(1782–1783; 1787–1788)

2 | File:No image.svg | Thomas Sim Lee
(1745-10-29)October 29, 1745 – (1819-11-09)November 9, 1819
(Aged 74) | April 5, 1792

November 14, 1794
| Federalist  | 16
(1792) | Governor of Maryland
(1779–1782)

Continental Congress
(1783–1784)

(1793)
7  | File:Portrait of Governor John Hoskins Stone of Maryland by Rembrandt Peale.jpg | John Hoskins Stone
1750 – (1804-10-05)October 5, 1804
(Aged 53–54) | November 14, 1794

November 17, 1797
| Federalist  | 18
(1794) | Maryland State Delegate
(1790)

(1795)

(1796)
8  |  |  | John Henry
November 1750 – (1798-12-16)December 16, 1798
(Aged 48) | November 17, 1797

November 14, 1798
| Democratic-Republican | 21
(1797) | U.S. Senator
from Maryland
(1789–1797)
9  | File:Benjamin Ogle I 1749-1809.jpg |  | Benjamin Ogle
(1749-01-27)January 27, 1749 – (1809-07-07)July 7, 1809
(Aged 60) | November 14, 1798

November 10, 1801
| Federalist  | 22
(1798) | None

(1799)

(1800)
10  | File:John Francis Mercer.jpg |  | John F. Mercer
(1759-05-17)May 17, 1759 – (1821-07-30)July 30, 1821
(Aged 62) | November 10, 1801

November 13, 1803
| Democratic-Republican  | 25
(1801) | U.S. Representative
from Maryland's 2nd
(1793–1794)

(1802)
11  | File:Robert Bowie portrait.jpg | Robert Bowie
March 1, 1750 – (1818-01-08)January 8, 1818
(Aged 67) | November 15, 1803

November 10, 1806
| Democratic-Republican  | 27
(1803) | Maryland State Delegate
(1801–1803)

(1804)

(1805)
12  | File:Robertwrightofmaryland.jpg | Robert Wright
(1752-11-20)November 20, 1752 – (1826-09-07)September 7, 1826
(Aged 73) | November 12, 1806

June 9, 1809
| Democratic-Republican  | 30
(1806) | U.S. Senator
from Maryland
(1801–1806)

(1807)

(1808)
13  | File:Edwardlloydofmaryland.jpg | Edward Lloyd V
(1779-07-22)July 22, 1779 – (1834-06-02)June 2, 1834
(Aged 54) | June 9, 1809

November 16, 1811
| Democratic-Republican  | 33
(1809) | Maryland State Delegate
(1800–1805)

(1810)
11 | File:Robert Bowie portrait.jpg | Robert Bowie
March 1, 1750 – (1818-01-08)January 8, 1818
(Aged 67) | November 16, 1811

November 23, 1812
| Democratic-Republican  | 35
(1811) | Governor of Maryland
(1803–1806)
14  | File:Levin Winder, portrait by Florence Mackubin.jpg |  | Levin Winder
(1757-09-04)September 4, 1757 – (1819-07-01)July 1, 1819
(Aged 61) | November 25, 1812

January 2, 1816
| Federalist  | 36
(1812) | Maryland State Delegate
(1806–1809)

(1813)

(1814)
15  | File:Thomas Sully, Charles Carnan Ridgely, 1820, NGA 32582.jpg | Charles Carnan Ridgely
(1760-12-06)December 6, 1760 – (1829-07-17)July 17, 1829
(Aged 68) | January 2, 1816

January 8, 1819
| Federalist  | 39
(1816) | Maryland State Senator
(1796–1800)

(1817)

(1818)
16  | File:Charles Goldsborough, 1802 painting.jpg | Charles Goldsborough
(1765-07-15)July 15, 1765 – (1834-12-13)December 13, 1834
(Aged 69) | January 8, 1819

December 20, 1819
| Federalist  | 42
(1819) | U.S. Representative
from Maryland's 8th
(1805–1817)
17  | File:Samuel Sprigg.jpg |  | Samuel Sprigg
1783 – (1855-04-21)April 21, 1855
(Aged 71–72) | December 20, 1819

December 16, 1822
| Democratic-Republican  | 43
(1819) | None

(1820)

(1821)
18  | File:Samuel Stevens, Jr. (Maryland Governor).jpg | Samuel Stevens Jr.
(1778-07-13)July 13, 1778 – (1860-02-07)February 7, 1860
(Aged 81) | December 16, 1822

January 9, 1826
| Democratic-Republican  | 46
(1822) | Maryland State Delegate
(1819–1820)

(1823)

(1824)
19  | File:Joseph Kent of Maryland.jpg | Joseph Kent
(1779-01-14)January 14, 1779 – (1837-11-24)November 24, 1837
(Aged 58) | January 9, 1826

January 15, 1829
| Democratic-Republican  | 49
(1826) | U.S. Representative
from Maryland's 2nd
(1819–1826)

(1827)

(1828)
20  | File:No image.svg |  | Daniel Martin
December 1780 – (1831-07-11)July 11, 1831
(Aged 50) | January 15, 1829

January 15, 1830
| Anti-Jacksonian | 52
(1829) | Maryland State Delegate
(1819–1820)
21  | File:Thomas King Carroll (Maryland Governor).jpg |  | Thomas King Carroll
(1793-04-29)April 29, 1793 – (1873-10-03)October 3, 1873
(Aged 80) | January 15, 1830

January 13, 1831
| Jacksonian | 53
(1830) | Maryland State Delegate
(1816–1817)
20 | File:No image.svg |  | Daniel Martin
December 1780 – (1831-07-11)July 11, 1831
(Aged 50) | January 13, 1831

July 11, 1831
| Anti-Jacksonian  | 54
(1831) | Maryland State Delegate
(1819–1820)
22  | File:George Howard (Maryland Governor).jpg | George Howard
(1789-11-21)November 21, 1789 – (1846-08-02)August 2, 1846
(Aged 56) | July 11, 1831

January 17, 1833
| Anti-Jacksonian  | None

(1832)
23  | File:James Thomas, Governor of Maryland.jpg |  | James Thomas
(1785-03-11)March 11, 1785 – (1845-12-25)December 25, 1845
(Aged 60) | January 17, 1833

January 14, 1836
| Whig | 56
(1833) | Maryland State Senator
(1826–1831)

(1834)

(1835)
24  | File:Thomas Veazey, 1836 painting.jpg | Thomas Veazey
(1774-01-31)January 31, 1774 – (1842-07-01)July 1, 1842
(Aged 68) | January 14, 1836

January 7, 1839
| Whig  | 59
(1836) | Maryland State Delegate
(1811–1812)

(1837)

(1838)
25  | File:William Grason (Maryland Governor).jpg |  | William Grason
(1788-03-11)March 11, 1788 – (1868-07-02)July 2, 1868
(Aged 80) | January 7, 1839

January 3, 1842
[c] | Democratic | 62
(1838) | Maryland State Delegate
(1837)
26  | File:Francis Thomas of Maryland - photo portrait seated.jpg | Francis Thomas
(1799-02-03)February 3, 1799 – (1876-01-22)January 22, 1876
(Aged 76) | January 3, 1842

January 6, 1845
| Democratic  | 63
(1841) | U.S. Representative
from Maryland's 6th
(1835–1841)
27  | File:Thomas Pratt by Dieterich, 1904.jpg |  | Thomas Pratt
(1804-02-18)February 18, 1804 – (1869-11-09)November 9, 1869
(Aged 65) | January 6, 1845

January 3, 1848
| Whig  | 64
(1844) | Maryland State Delegate
(1832–1835)
28  | File:Philip Francis Thomas, sitting.jpg |  | Philip F. Thomas
(1810-09-12)September 12, 1810 – (1890-10-02)October 2, 1890
(Aged 80) | January 3, 1848

January 6, 1851
| Democratic  | 65
(1847) | U.S. Representative
from Maryland's 1st
(1839–1841)
29  | File:Enoch Louis Lowe.jpg | Enoch Lowe
(1820-08-10)August 10, 1820 – (1892-08-23)August 23, 1892
(Aged 72) | January 6, 1851

January 11, 1854
| Democratic  | 66
(1850) | Maryland State Delegate
(1845)
30  | File:Thomas ligon maryland.jpg | Thomas Watkins Ligon
(1810-05-10)May 10, 1810 – (1881-01-12)January 12, 1881
(Aged 70) | January 11, 1854

January 13, 1858
| Democratic  | 67
(1853) | U.S. Representative
from Maryland's 3rd
(1845–1849)
31  | File:Thomas H. Hicks, Md - NARA - 525674.jpg |  | Thomas H. Hicks
(1798-09-02)September 2, 1798 – (1865-02-14)February 14, 1865
(Aged 66) | January 13, 1858

January 8, 1862
| American / Union | 68
(1857) | Maryland State Delegate
(1830–1836)
32  | File:Augustus Williamson Bradford - photo portrait standing.jpg |  | Augustus Bradford
(1806-01-09)January 9, 1806 – (1881-03-01)March 1, 1881
(Aged 75) | January 8, 1862

January 10, 1866
| Union | 69
(1861) | Baltimore County Clerk of Courts
(1845–1851)
33  | File:Thomas Swann of Maryland, sitting.jpg | Thomas Swann
(1809-03-03)March 3, 1809 – (1883-07-24)July 24, 1883
(Aged 74) | January 10, 1866

January 13, 1869
| Union / Democratic  | 70
(1864) | Mayor of Baltimore
(1856–1860) |  | Christopher C. Cox[d]
34  | File:Governor oden bowie of maryland.jpg |  | Oden Bowie
(1826-11-10)November 10, 1826 – (1894-12-04)December 4, 1894
(Aged 68) | January 13, 1869

January 10, 1872
| Democratic  | 71
(1867) | Maryland State Senator
(1867–1869) | None
35  | File:Williampinkneywhite.jpg | William Pinkney Whyte
(1824-08-09)August 9, 1824 – (1908-03-17)March 17, 1908
(Aged 83) | January 10, 1872

March 4, 1874
| Democratic  | 72
(1871) | U.S. Senator
from Maryland
(1868–1869)
36  | File:James Black Groome, sitting.jpg | James Black Groome
(1838-04-04)April 4, 1838 – (1893-10-05)October 5, 1893
(Aged 55) | March 4, 1874

January 12, 1876
| Democratic  | Maryland State Delegate
(1872–1874)
37  | File:John Lee Carroll (Maryland Governor).jpg | John Lee Carroll
(1830-09-30)September 30, 1830 – (1911-02-27)February 27, 1911
(Aged 80) | January 12, 1876

January 14, 1880
| Democratic  | 73
(1875) | Maryland State Senator
(1867–1876)
38  | File:Williamthamilton.jpg | William T. Hamilton
(1820-09-08)September 8, 1820 – (1888-10-26)October 26, 1888
(Aged 68) | January 14, 1880

January 9, 1884
| Democratic  | 74
(1879) | U.S. Senator
from Maryland
(1869–1875)
39  | File:Governor robert mclane of maryland.jpg | Robert Milligan McLane
(1815-06-23)June 23, 1815 – (1898-04-16)April 16, 1898
(Aged 82) | January 9, 1884

March 27, 1885
| Democratic  | 75
(1883) | U.S. Representative
from Maryland's 4th
(1879–1883)
40  | File:Henry Lloyd (Maryland Governor).jpg | Henry Lloyd
(1852-02-21)February 21, 1852 – (1920-12-20)December 20, 1920
(Aged 68) | March 27, 1885

January 11, 1888
| Democratic  | Maryland State Senator
(1882–1885)
41  | File:Governor elihu emory jackson of maryland.jpg | Elihu Emory Jackson
(1837-11-03)November 3, 1837 – (1907-12-27)December 27, 1907
(Aged 70) | January 11, 1888

January 13, 1892
| Democratic  | 76
(1887) | Maryland State Senator
(1884–1886)
42  | File:Frank Brown, Maryland governor, portrait.jpg | Frank Brown
(1846-08-08)August 8, 1846 – (1920-02-03)February 3, 1920
(Aged 73) | January 13, 1892

January 8, 1896
| Democratic  | 77
(1891) | Maryland State Delegate
(1876–1878)
43  | File:Governor lloyd lowndes of maryland.jpg |  | Lloyd Lowndes Jr.
(1845-02-21)February 21, 1845 – (1905-01-08)January 8, 1905
(Aged 59) | January 8, 1896

January 10, 1900
(lost election) | Republican  | 78
(1895) | U.S. Representative
from Maryland's 6th
(1873–1875)
44  | File:John Walter Smith, photo portrait head and shoulders.jpg |  | John W. Smith
(1845-02-05)February 5, 1845 – (1925-04-19)April 19, 1925
(Aged 80) | January 10, 1900

January 13, 1904
| Democratic  | 79
(1899) | U.S. Representative
from Maryland's 1st
(1899–1900)
45  | File:Edwin Warfield of Maryland, sitting.jpg | Edwin Warfield
(1848-05-07)May 7, 1848 – (1920-03-31)March 31, 1920
(Aged 71) | January 13, 1904

January 8, 1908
| Democratic  | 80
(1903) | Maryland State Senator
(1881–1887)
46  | File:Austin Lane Crothers, photograph of head with top hat.jpg | Austin Lane Crothers
(1860-05-17)May 17, 1860 – (1912-05-25)May 25, 1912
(Aged 52) | January 8, 1908

January 10, 1912
| Democratic  | 81
(1907) | Maryland State Delegate
(1897–1900)
47  | File:Governor phillips goldborough of maryland.jpg |  | Phillips Lee Goldsborough
(1865-08-06)August 6, 1865 – (1946-10-22)October 22, 1946
(Aged 81) | January 10, 1912

January 12, 1916
| Republican  | 82
(1911) | Comptroller of Maryland
(1898–1900)
48  | File:Emerson Harrington, Bachrach photo portrait, 1919.jpg |  | Emerson Harrington
(1864-03-26)March 26, 1864 – (1945-12-15)December 15, 1945
(Aged 81) | January 12, 1916

January 14, 1920
| Democratic  | 83
(1915) | Comptroller of Maryland
(1912–1916)
49  | File:Albert Ritchie cph.3b33171.jpg | Albert Ritchie
(1876-08-29)August 29, 1876 – (1936-02-24)February 24, 1936
(Aged 59) | January 14, 1920

January 9, 1935
(lost election) | Democratic  | 84
(1919) | Attorney General of Maryland
(1915–1919)

(1923)

(1926)

(1930)
50  | File:Harry W. Nice circa 1918 (cropped).jpg |  | Harry Nice
(1877-12-05)December 5, 1877 – (1941-02-25)February 25, 1941
(Aged 63) | January 9, 1935

January 11, 1939
(lost election) | Republican  | 88
(1934) | Baltimore City Alderman
(1903–1905)
51  | File:Herbert O'Conor (MD).png |  | Herbert O'Conor
(1896-11-17)November 17, 1896 – (1960-03-04)March 4, 1960
(Aged 63) | January 11, 1939

January 3, 1947
(term limited) | Democratic  | 89
(1938) | Attorney General of Maryland
(1935–1939)

(1942)
52  | File:William Preston Lane.jpg | William Preston Lane Jr.
(1892-05-12)May 12, 1892 – (1967-02-07)February 7, 1967
(Aged 74) | January 3, 1947

January 10, 1951
(lost election) | Democratic  | 91
(1946) | Attorney General of Maryland
(1930–1934)
53  | File:MarylandGovnr (cropped).jpg |  | Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin
(1900-11-20)November 20, 1900 – (1974-08-10)August 10, 1974
(Aged 73) | January 10, 1951

January 14, 1959
(term limited) | Republican  | 92
(1950) | Mayor of Baltimore
(1943–1947)

(1954)
54  | File:J Millard Tawes.jpg |  | John Millard Tawes
(1894-04-08)April 8, 1894 – (1979-06-25)June 25, 1979
(Aged 85) | January 14, 1959

January 25, 1967
(term limited) | Democratic  | 94
(1958) | Comptroller of Maryland
(1950–1959)

(1962)
55  | File:Spiro Agnew (MD).png |  | Spiro Agnew
(1918-11-09)November 9, 1918 – (1996-09-17)September 17, 1996
(Aged 77) | January 25, 1967

January 7, 1969
(resigned)
[e] | Republican  | 96
(1966) | Baltimore County Executive
(1962–1966)
56  | File:Marvin Mandel (MD).png |  | Marvin Mandel
(1920-04-19)April 19, 1920 – (2015-08-30)August 30, 2015
(Aged 95) | January 7, 1969

January 17, 1979
(term limited) | Democratic  | 97
(1969)[f] | Speaker of the Maryland
House of Delegates
(1964–1969) |  | Blair Lee III

(1970)

(1974)
| File:Blair Lee III (Maryland governor).jpg | Blair Lee III
(1916-05-19)May 19, 1916 – (1985-10-25)October 25, 1985
(Aged 69) | June 4, 1977

January 15, 1979
(acting governor)
[g] | Democratic  | Lieutenant Governor of Maryland
(1971–1979) | Blair Lee III

(Continued to serve as

Lieutenant Governor

while Acting Governor)

57  | File:Maryland Governor Harry Hughes speaking at Fort Belvoir, Feb 16, 1988.jpg | Harry Hughes
(1926-11-13)November 13, 1926 – (2019-03-13)March 13, 2019
(Aged 92) | January 17, 1979

January 20, 1987
(term limited) | Democratic  | 100
(1978) | Maryland State Senator
(1959–1971) | Samuel Bogley
101
(1982) | J. Joseph Curran Jr.
58  | File:William Donald Schaefer.jpg | William Donald Schaefer
(1921-11-02)November 2, 1921 – (2011-04-18)April 18, 2011
(Aged 89) | January 20, 1987

January 18, 1995
(term limited) | Democratic  | 102
(1986) | Mayor of Baltimore
(1971–1987) | Melvin Steinberg
103
(1990)
59  | File:Parris Glendening speaking, September 2006 (cropped).jpg | Parris Glendening
(1942-06-11)June 11, 1942
(Age 83) | January 18, 1995

January 15, 2003
(term limited) | Democratic  | 104
(1994) | Prince George's County Executive
(1983–1994) | Kathleen Kennedy Townsend
105
(1998)
60  | File:Robert ehrlich speaking at healthierUS summit cropped.jpg |  | Bob Ehrlich
(1957-11-25)November 25, 1957
(Age 68) | January 15, 2003

January 17, 2007
(lost election) | Republican  | 106
(2002) | U.S. Representative
from Maryland's 2nd
(1995–2003) |  | Michael Steele
61  | File:Governor O'Malley Portrait.jpg |  | Martin O'Malley
(1963-01-18)January 18, 1963
(Age 63) | January 17, 2007

January 21, 2015
(term limited) | Democratic  | 107
(2006) | Mayor of Baltimore
(1999–2007) |  | Anthony G. Brown
108
(2010)
62  | File:Larry Hogan 2020.jpg |  | Larry Hogan
(1956-05-25)May 25, 1956
(Age 69) | January 21, 2015

Incumbent
[h] | Republican  | 109
(2014) | Maryland Secretary of Appointments
(2003–2007) |  | Boyd Rutherford
110
(2018)

1. ^ Maryland did not have a Lieutenant Governor until 1864; the office was abolished in 1867 and re-established in 1970.[9][10]
2. ^ Served as Acting Governor following the death of Governor George Plater.[11]
3. ^ First directly elected governor of Maryland.[12]
4. ^ The office of Lieutenant Governor was created under the Constitution of 1864, but abolished in 1867.[13]
5. ^ Agnew resigned to be Vice President of the United States.
6. ^ Elected by the Maryland General Assembly to fill the vacancy left by Spiro Agnew's resignation, following his election to the U.S. vice presidency. Mandel was elected to a full term in 1970.[14]
7. ^ Served as Acting Governor after Governor Marvin Mandel ran into legal problems and transferred over the powers of Governor to Blair Lee. Governor Mandel rescinded his appointment two days before the term ended.[15]
8. ^ Hogan's second term will expire on January 18, 2023; He will be term limited.

## Succession[edit | edit source]

Main article: Gubernatorial lines of succession in the United States § Maryland

## Living former governors of Maryland[edit | edit source]

As of March 2019[update], three former U.S. governors of Maryland are currently living, the oldest being Parris Glendening (served 1995–2003, born 1942). The most recent U.S. governor of Maryland to die was Harry Hughes (served 1979–1987, born 1926), on March 13, 2019.[16] The most recently serving governor to die was William Donald Schaefer (served 1987-1995, born 1921) on April 18, 2011.[17]

Governor | Gubernatorial term | Date of birth (and age)

|
|

Parris N. Glendening | 1995–2003  |  (1942-06-11) June 11, 1942 (age 83)
Robert L. Ehrlich, Jr. | 2003–2007  |  (1957-11-25) November 25, 1957 (age 68)
Martin O'Malley | 2007–2015  |  (1963-01-18) January 18, 1963 (age 63)

## See also[edit | edit source]

* Maryland Constitution
* Maryland gubernatorial elections
* History of Maryland
* Maryland in the American Civil War
* Maryland in the American Revolution

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ^ a b c "Maryland Governor – Origin & Functions". Maryland Manual Online. Maryland State Archives. January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
2. ^ Prah, Pamela (March 9, 2007). "Massachusetts gov rated most powerful (archived)". Stateline.Org. Archived from the original on May 28, 2008. Retrieved June 25, 2007.`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
3. ^ a b c Dozer, Donald Marquand (1976). Portrait of the Free State: A History of Maryland. Cambridge, Maryland: Tidewater Publishers. ISBN 0-87033-226-0.
4. ^ "Albert C. Ritchie, State House titan". The Baltimore Sun. July 22, 1999. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
5. ^ a b "Archives of Maryland Historical List Governors of Maryland, 1634--". Maryland State Archives. January 21, 2015. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
6. ^ a b "Maryland Lieutenant Governors". Maryland State Archives. May 1, 2017. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
7. ^ Wagner, John; Johnson, Jenna (November 5, 2014). "Republican Larry Hogan wins Md. governor's race in stunning upset". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 5, 2014.
8. ^ a b "Maryland : Past Governors Bios". National Governors Association. 2015. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
9. ^ Dayhoff, Kevin (December 7, 2005). "Why We Have a Lieutenant Governor". The Tentacle. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
10. ^ Papenfouse, Edward. The Archives of Maryland, new series, An Historical List of Public Officials of Maryland. Vol. I. Annapolis, MD: Maryland State Archives: 1990.
11. ^ Buchholz, Heinrich Ewald (1908). "Appendix B". Governors of Maryland: From the Revolution to the Year 1908 (Second ed.). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Company.
12. ^ Shaum, Jack (May 21, 2006). "Two Maryland Governors were Queen Anne's natives". The Star Democrat. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
13. ^ Smith, Herbert Charles; Willis, John T. (2012). "The Maryland Governor and the Executive Branch". Maryland Politics and Government: Democratic Dominance. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 9780803237902.
14. ^ Clymer, Adam (August 30, 2015). "Marvin Mandel, Progressive Maryland Governor Convicted of Fraud, Dies at 95". The New York Times. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
15. ^ "Blair Lee III (1916–1985)". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
16. ^ Wood, Pamela (March 13, 2019). "Former Maryland Gov. Harry Hughes dies at 92". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
17. ^ Bernstein, Adam (April 18, 2011). "William Donald Schaefer dies; Maryland governor, comptroller, Baltimore mayor". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 30, 2017.

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