One-party state

State in which only one party has the right to form the government

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World's states colored by form of government1

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|  Full presidential republics2 |  Semi-presidential republics2

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Republics with an executive president elected by or nominated by the legislature that may or may not be subject to parliamentary confidence |  Parliamentary republics2
Parliamentary constitutional monarchies where royalty does not hold significant power |  Parliamentary constitutional monarchies which have a separate head of government but where royalty holds significant executive and/or legislative power
Absolute monarchies |  One-party states
Countries where constitutional provisions for government have been suspended (e.g. military juntas) |  Countries that do not fit any of the above systems (e.g. provisional governments/unclear political situations)
No government |

1 This map was compiled according to the Justapedia list of countries by system of government. See there for sources.
2 This map presents only the de jure form of government, and not the de facto degree of democracy.

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A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system, or single-party system is a type of sovereign state in which only one political party has the right to form the government, usually based on the existing constitution.[1] All other parties are either outlawed or allowed to take only a limited and controlled participation in elections. Sometimes the term "de facto one-party state" is used to describe a dominant-party system that, unlike the one-party state, allows (at least nominally) democratic multiparty elections, but the existing practices or balance of political power effectively prevent the opposition from winning power.

Although it is predated by the 1714 to 1783 "age of the Whig oligarchy" in Great Britain,[2] the rule of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) over the Ottoman Empire following the 1913 coup d'etat is often considered the first one-party state.[3]

## Contents

* 1 Concept
* 2 Current one-party states
* 3 Former one-party states
* 4 See also
* 5 Notes
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## Concept[edit | edit source]

One-party states justify themselves through various methods. Most often, proponents of a one-party state argue that the existence of separate parties runs counter to national unity. Others argue that the one party is the vanguard of the people, being its most politically aware members, and therefore the party's right to rule cannot be legitimately questioned. The Soviet government argued that the existence of multiple political parties would perpetuate class struggle, so only a single party could lead a classless proletariat; it therefore made the Communist Party of the Soviet Union the only authorised political party.

Some one-party states only outlaw opposition parties, while allowing allied parties to exist as part of a permanent coalition (such as a popular front). However, these allied parties are largely or completely subservient to the ruling party and must accept the ruling party's monopoly of power as a condition of their existence. Examples of this are the People's Republic of China under the United Front, the National Front in former East Germany and the Democratic Front for the Reunification of Korea in North Korea. Other states outlaw all other parties yet allow non-party members to run for legislative seats as independents, as was the case with Taiwan's Tangwai movement in the 1970s and 1980s, as well as the elections in the former Soviet Union. Still others have only a single legal party, membership of which is a prerequisite for holding public office, such as in Turkmenistan under the rule of Saparmurat Niyazov or Zaire under Mobutu Sese Seko.

Within their own countries, dominant parties ruling over one-party states are often referred to simply as the Party. For example, in reference to the Soviet Union, the Party meant the Communist Party of the Soviet Union; in reference to the pre-1991 Republic of Zambia, it referred to the United National Independence Party.

Most one-party states have been ruled by one of the following:

1. A party which supports the ideology of Marxism–Leninism and vanguardism (sometimes described as "communist states", such as the Soviet Union)
2. A party which supports a nationalist or fascist ideology (such as the Kingdom of Italy under the National Fascist Party or Germany under the Nazi Party)
3. A party that came to power in the wake of independence from colonial rule. One-party systems often arise from decolonization because a single party gains an overwhelmingly dominant role in liberation or in independence struggles.

One-party states are usually considered to be authoritarian, to the extent that they are occasionally totalitarian. On the other hand, not all authoritarian or totalitarian states operate upon one-party rule. Some, especially amongst absolute monarchies and military dictatorships, have no need for a ruling party, and therefore make all political parties illegal.

## Current one-party states[edit | edit source]

As of 2026 the following countries are legally constituted as one-party states:

Country  | Head of party  | Leader title  | Party  | Ideology  | Date of establishment  | Duration  | Notes

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China |

Xi Jinping | General Secretary | File:Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg Chinese Communist Party | Socialism with Chinese characteristics | 1 October 1949  | 76 years, 199 days  | Leads the United Front
File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba |

File:Miguel Díaz-Canel (cropped).jpg

Miguel Díaz-Canel | First Secretary | File:Red flag.svg Communist Party of Cuba | Marxism–Leninism, Castroism, Guevarism, left-wing nationalism | 16 April 1961  | 65 years, 2 days  |
File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea |

File:Isaias Afwerki in 2002.jpg

Isaias Afwerki | Chairperson | File:Flag of the EPLF.svg People's Front for Democracy and Justice | Eritrean nationalism, statism | 24 May 1993  | 32 years, 329 days  |
File:Flag of Laos.svg Laos |

File:Mr. Thongloun Sisoulith.jpg

Thongloun Sisoulith | General Secretary | File:Flag of LPRP.svg Lao People's Revolutionary Party | Kaysone Phomvihane Thought | 2 December 1975  | 50 years, 137 days  |
File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea |

File:Kim Jong-un April 2019 (cropped).jpg

Kim Jong-un | General Secretary | File:Flag of the Workers' Party of Korea.svg Workers' Party of Korea | Kimilsungism-Kimjongilism | 10 October 1945  | 80 years, 190 days  | Leads the Democratic Front for the Reunification of Korea
File:Flag of Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic |

File:Brahim Ghali.jpg

Brahim Ghali | Secretary General | File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg Polisario Front | Sahrawi nationalism, social democracy | 27 February 1976  | 50 years, 50 days  |
File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam |

File:Mr. Nguyen Phu Trong.jpg

Nguyễn Phú Trọng | General Secretary | File:Flag of the Communist Party of Vietnam.svg Communist Party of Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh Thought | 2 September 1945  | 80 years, 228 days  |

## Former one-party states[edit | edit source]

Country  | Party  | Ideology  | Date of establishment  | Date of dissolution  | Continent

|
|
|
|
|

File:Flag of Afghanistan (1978).svg Republic of Afghanistan | National Revolutionary Party | Pashtun nationalism, Pashtunization, Anti-communism, Republicanism, Secularism | February 14, 1977[4][5] | April 28, 1978 | Asia
File:Flag of Afghanistan (1978-1980).svgFile:Flag of Afghanistan (1980-1987).svg Afghanistan | File:Flag of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan.svg People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (National Fatherland Front)  | Communism (until 1990), Marxism–Leninism (until 1990), Afghan nationalism, Anti-imperialism | December 24, 1980 | July 27, 1990 | Asia
File:Flag of Albania (1939–1943).svg Albanian Kingdom | File:Flag of Albania (1939–1943).svg Albanian Fascist Party | Albanian nationalism, Greater Albania, Fascism, Italophilia, Serbophobia, Hellenophobia | June 2, 1939 | July 27, 1943 | Europe
File:Flag of Albania (1939–1943).svg Albanian Kingdom | Guard of Greater Albania  | Albanian nationalism, Fascism | July 27, 1943 | September 8, 1943 | Europe
File:Flag of Albania (1943–1944).svg Albanian Kingdom | National Front | Albanian nationalism, Greater Albania, Anti-communism, Republicanism, Big tent, Agrarian socialism | September 14, 1943 | November 29, 1943 | Europe
File:Flag of Albania (1944-1946).svgFile:Flag of Albania (1946-1992).svg Democratic Government of Albania | File:Flag of Party of Labour of Albania.svg Party of Labour of Albania (National Liberation Movement)  | Communism, Marxism-Leninism, Hoxhaism, Anti-revisionism | October 20, 1944 | August 5, 1945 | Europe
File:Flag of Albania (1944-1946).svgFile:Flag of Albania (1946-1992).svg Democratic Government of Albania | File:Flag of Party of Labour of Albania.svg Party of Labour of Albania (Democratic Front)  | August 5, 1945 | January 11, 1946 | Europe
File:Flag of Albania (1946-1992).svg Albania | January 11, 1946 | December 11, 1990 | Europe
Algeria | File:Variant flag of the GPRA (1958-1962).svg National Liberation Front | Arab socialism, Algerian nationalism, Pan-Arabism, Anti-imperialism | 1962  | 1989  | Africa
File:Flag of Angola.svg People's Republic of Angola | File:Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (bandeira).svg People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola | Communism, Left-wing nationalism, Marxism–Leninism | November 11, 1975 | May 30, 1991 | Africa
File:Flag of SSRA.svg Armenia | Communist Party of Armenia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | December 2, 1920 | December 30, 1922 | Asia
File:Flag of Transcaucasian SFSR (1925-1936).svg Transcaucasia | Communist Party of Armenia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | March 12, 1922 | December 30, 1922 | Asia
File:Flag of Austria.svg Federal State of Austria | File:Flag of the Fatherland Front of Austria.svg Fatherland Front | Clerical fascism | May 1, 1934 | March 13, 1938 | Europe
File:Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1920).svgFile:Flag of Azerbaijan SSR (1920-1921).svgFile:Flag of Azerbaijan SSR (1921-1922).svg Azerbaijan | Azerbaijan Communist Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | April 30, 1920 | December 30, 1922 | Asia
File:Flag of Transcaucasian SFSR (1925-1936).svg Transcaucasia | Azerbaijan Communist Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | March 12, 1922 | December 30, 1922 | Asia
Bangladesh | Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League | Bengali nationalism, Socialism | 1975  | 1975  | Asia
File:Flag of Benin.svg Dahomey | Dahomeyan Democratic Party | African nationalism | 1963  | 1965  | Africa
File:Flag of Benin (1975-1990).svg Benin | File:Flag of PRPB.svg People's Revolutionary Party of Benin | Communism, Marxism–Leninism (nominally)  | November 30, 1975 | March 1, 1990 | Africa
File:Flag of Bohmen und Mahren.svg Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia | File:National Partnership flag.png National Partnership | Nazism | March 21, 1939 | May 9, 1945 | Europe
File:Flag of Bulgaria (1946-1948).svgFile:Flag of Bulgaria (1948-1967).svgFile:Flag of Bulgaria (1967-1971).svgFile:Flag of Bulgaria (1971 – 1990).svg Bulgaria | File:FlagBKP.svg Bulgarian Communist Party (Fatherland Front)  | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | September 15, 1946 | January 15, 1990 | Europe
File:Flag of Myanmar (1974–2010).svg Burma | File:Burma Socialist Programme Party flag.svg Burma Socialist Programme Party | Burmese Way to Socialism | 1962  | 1988  | Asia
File:Flag of Burundi (1967–1982).svgFile:Flag of Burundi.svg Republic of Burundi | File:Flag of the UPRONA.svg Union for National Progress | Burundian nationalism, Tutsi interests  | July 11, 1974 | March 13, 1992 | Africa
File:Flag of Byelorussian SSR (1919-1927).svg Byelorussia | Communist Party of Byelorussia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | July 31, 1920 | December 30, 1922 | Europe
File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia (Sangkum era)  | Sangkum | Khmer nationalism, National conservatism, Royalism, Statism, Buddhist socialism, Economic nationalism | 1955  | 1970  | Asia
File:Flag of the People's Republic of Kampuchea.svgFile:Flag of the State of Cambodia.svg Kampuchea | Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party | Communism, Socialism, Marxism–Leninism, Revisionism, Left-wing nationalism | January 7, 1979 | October 23, 1991 | Asia
File:Flag of Cameroon (1961-1975).svgFile:Flag of Cameroon.svg Republic of Cameroon | Cameroonian National Union | Big tent | September 1, 1966[6] | March 24, 1985 | Africa
File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon | Cameroon People's Democratic Movement | Big tent, Nationalism, Francophilia | 1975  | 1990  | Africa
File:Flag of Cape Verde (1975-1992).svg Cape Verde | File:Flag of PAIGC.svg African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | 1975  | 1980  | Africa
File:Flag of Cape Verde (1975-1992).svg Cape Verde | File:Flag of PAICV.svg African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | 1980  | 1990  | Africa
File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic | Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa | African nationalism, Anti-colonialism, Progressivism, Anti-imperialism | 1962  | 1980  | Africa
File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic | Central African Democratic Union | African nationalism, Republicanism | March 1, 1980 | September 2, 1981 | Africa
File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic | Central African Democratic Rally | African nationalism, Democratic socialism, Social democracy, Republicanism | February 6, 1987 | April 22, 1991[7] | Africa
File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad | Chadian Progressive Party | African nationalism, Pan-Africanism, Anti-imperialism, African socialism, Federalism | April 16, 1962 | April 6, 1973 | Africa
File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad | National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution | African nationalism, Pan-Africanism, Anti-imperialism, African socialism, Federalism | April 6, 1973 | April 13, 1975 | Africa
File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad | National Union for Independence and Revolution | Nationalism | 1984  | 1990  | Africa
Guangzhou | Chinese Communist Party | Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism | 1927  | 1927  | Asia
Hunan | Chinese Communist Party | Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism | 1927  | 1927  | Asia
Jinggang | Chinese Communist Party | Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism | 1927  | 1928  | Asia
Southwest Jiangxi | Chinese Communist Party | Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism | 1930  | 1931  | Asia
File:National Flag of Chinese Soviet Republic.svg Chinese Soviet Republic | File:Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg Chinese Communist Party | Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism | 1930  | 1937  | Asia
File:Flag of Xinjiang-Shicai 2.svg Xinjiang | People's Anti-Imperialist Association | Six Great Policies | 1935  | 1942  | Asia
File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Republic of China[note 1]/Taiwan | File:Naval Jack of the Republic of China.svg Kuomintang | Tridemism | 1 July 1925 | 15 July 1987 | Asia
Yan'an | Chinese Communist Party | Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism | 1937  | 1949  | Asia
File:Flag of the Comoros (1978-1992).svg Comoros | Comorian Union for Progress | Nationalism | 1982  | 1990  | Africa
File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svgFile:Flag of the People's Republic of the Congo.svg People's Republic of the Congo | Congolese Party of Labour | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | January 31, 1969 | 1991  | Africa
File:State Flag of Costa Rica (1906-1964).svg Tinoquista Costa Rica | Peliquista Party | Nationalism | 1917  | 1919  | North America
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechoslovakia | File:Flag of the KSC.svg Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (National Front)  | Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism, Husakism | February 25, 1948 | November 30, 1989 | Europe
File:Flag of Benin.svg Dahomey | Dahomeyan Unity Party | African nationalism, Republicanism | 1961  | 1963  | Africa
File:Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti | People's Rally for Progress | Issa interests | 1977  | 1992  | Africa
Dominican Republic | Dominican Party | Trujillism, National conservatism, Right-wing populism | 1931  | 1961  | Central America
East Germany | File:Flagge der SED.svg Socialist Unity Party of Germany (Democratic Bloc)  | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | October 7, 1949 | March 30, 1950 | Europe
File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany | File:Flagge der SED.svg Socialist Unity Party of Germany (National Front of the German Democratic Republic)  | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | March 30, 1950 | December 1, 1989 | Europe
Egypt | National Democratic Party | Egyptian nationalism, Centrism, Big tent | 1956  | 1958  | Africa
File:Flag of the United Arab Republic.svg Egypt | National Democratic Party | Egyptian nationalism, Centrism, Big tent | 1961  | 1962  | Africa
File:Flag of Egypt (1972-1984).svg Egypt | Arab Socialist Union | Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, Pan-Arabism, Nasserism | 1962  | 1976  | Africa
File:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador | File:Propatria.png National Pro Patria Party | Fascism, Anti-communism, Conservatism, Agrarian oligarchy | 1931  | 1944  | South America
File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea | United National Workers' Party | African nationalism, Personalism, Anti-imperialism, Anti-colonialism, Anti-racism, Pan-Africanism, Anti-intellectualism | 1970  | 1979  | Africa
File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea | Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea | African nationalism, Militarism | 1987  | 1991  | Africa
File:Flag of Eritrea (1993–1995).svg Eritrea | File:Flag of the EPLF.svg Eritrean People's Liberation Front | Left-wing nationalism | 1991 (Provisional government)

1993 (Recognized state)

| 1994  | Africa
File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia | Patriotic League (National Front for the Implementation of the Constitution)  | Estonian nationalism, Personalism  | March 9, 1935 | July 21, 1940 | Europe
File:Flag of Estonian SSR (1940-1953).svg Estonia | Communist Party of Estonia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | July 21, 1940 | August 9, 1940 | Europe
File:Flag of Ethiopia (1975–1987) (02).svg Ethiopia | Commission for Organizing the Party of the Working People of Ethiopia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | September 12, 1984 | February 22, 1987 | Africa
File:Flag of Ethiopia (1987–1991).svg Ethiopia | File:Workers-Party-of-Ethiopia-flag.png Workers' Party of Ethiopia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | February 22, 1987 | April 28, 1991 | Africa
File:Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon | Gabonese Democratic Party | Conservatism | 1968  | 1990  | Africa
File:Flag of Georgian SSR (1921-1922).svg Georgia | Communist Party of Georgia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | February 25, 1921 | December 30, 1922 | Asia
File:Flag of Transcaucasian SFSR (1925-1936).svg Transcaucasia | Communist Party of Georgia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | March 12, 1922 | December 30, 1922 | Asia
File:Flag of the German Reich (1935–1945).svg Nazi Germany | File:Flag of the NSDAP (1920–1945).svg National Socialist German Workers' Party | Nazism | July 14, 1933 | May 23, 1945 | Europe
File:Flag of the German Reich (1935–1945).svg Reich Commissariat for the Occupied Dutch Territories | File:Flag of National Socialist Movement.svg National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands | Nazism, collaborationism | December 14, 1941 | May 6, 1945 | Europe
File:Ghana flag 1964.svg Ghana | Convention People's Party | Nkrumaism, African socialism, African nationalism, Pan-Africanism | 1964  | 1966  | Africa
File:Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada | New Jewel Movement | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | March 13, 1979 | October 25, 1983 | Central America
File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala | Progressive Liberal Party | Ubicoism, Liberalism, Nationalism, Anti-communism | 1931  | 1944  | South America
File:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea | Democratic Party of Guinea – African Democratic Rally | African nationalism, African socialism, Pan-Africanism | 1958  | 1984  | Africa
File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau | African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | 1974  | 1991  | Africa
File:Flag of Haiti (1964–1986).svg Haiti | File:Flag of Haiti (1964–1986, civil).svg National Unity Party | Black nationalism, Haitian nationalism, Right-wing populism, Anti-communism, Anti-Americanism | 1957  | 1985  | Central America
File:Flag of Hawaii.svg Hawaii | Reform Party | Americanisation, Annexationism | 1894  | 1898  | North America
File:Flag of Hungary (1915-1918, 1919-1946).svg Government of National Unity | File:Flag of the Arrow Cross Party 1942 to 1945.svg Arrow Cross Party | Hungarism, Fascism, Collaborationism, Agrarianism | October 16, 1944 | May 7, 1945 | Europe
File:Flag of Hungary (1949-1956; 1-2 aspect ratio).svgFile:Flag of the Hungarian Revolution (1956; 1-2 aspect ratio).svgFile:Flag of Hungary (1946-1949, 1956-1957; 1-2 aspect ratio).svg Hungary | File:Flag of the Hungarian Working People's Party.svg Hungarian Working People's Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Stalinism | August 20, 1949 | October 30, 1956 | Europe
File:Flag of the Hungarian Revolution (1956; 1-2 aspect ratio).svgFile:Flag of Hungary (1946-1949, 1956-1957; 1-2 aspect ratio).svgFile:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary | Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Kádárism | November 4, 1956 | October 7, 1989 | Europe
Indonesia | Indonesian National Party | Nationalism, Marhaenism | August 17, 1945 | November 3, 1945 | Asia
File:State Flag of Iran (1964).svg Imperial State of Iran | Rastakhiz Party | Monarchism, Populism, Secularism, Democratic centralism, Third Position | 1975  | 1978  | Asia
Iran | Islamic Republican Party | Velyât-e Faqih, Anti-imperialism, Iranian nationalism, Shi'ite Islamism, Anti-Monarchism, Anti-Americanism, Anti-communism, Anti-Sovietism, Anti-Zionism, Islamic fundamentalism, Homophobia, Anti-Western sentiment | 1981  | 1987  | Asia
File:Flag of Iraq (1959-1963).svgFile:Flag of Iraq (1963-1991).svg Iraq | Iraqi Arab Socialist Union | Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, Pan-Arabism, Nasserism | 1964  | 1968  | Asia
File:Flag of Iraq (1963-1991).svgFile:Flag of Iraq (1991-2004).svg Iraq | File:Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party (National Progressive Front)  | Saddamist Ba'athism | 1968  | 2003  | Asia
File:Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg Kingdom of Italy

* File:Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg Libya

| File:Flag of the National Fascist Party (PNF).svg National Fascist Party

* File:Flag of the National Fascist Party (PNF).svg Muslim Association of the Lictor

| Fascism, Corporatism, Ultranationalism, Totalitarianism | May 17, 1928[8]

* January 9, 1939

| July 27, 1943 | Europe

* Africa

Italian Social Republic | File:Flag of the National Fascist Party (PNF).svg Republican Fascist Party | Fascism, Corporatism, Ultranationalism, Totalitarianism, Antisemitism, Collaborationism | September 13, 1943 | April 28, 1945 | Europe
File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast | Democratic Party of Ivory Coast – African Democratic Rally | African nationalism, Conservatism, Populism, Houphouëtism, Pan-Africanism | 1960  | 1990  | Africa
File:Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg Empire of Japan | Imperial Rule Assistance Association | Shōwa statism | 1940  | 1945  | Asia
File:Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg Philippine Executive Commission | File:Flag of Kalibapi.svg Association for Service to the New Philippines | Filipino nationalism, National conservatism, Fascism, Pro-Japan, collaborationism | December 8, 1942 | October 14, 1943 | Asia
File:Flag of Democratic Kampuchea.svg Kampuchea | File:Banner of the Communist Party of Kampuchea.svg Communist Party of Kampuchea | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Agrarianism, Autarky, Khmer nationalism, Ultranationalism | April 17, 1975 | June 22, 1982 | Asia
File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya | Kenya African National Union | Kenyan nationalism, Conservatism | 1982  | 1991  | Africa
File:Flag of Independent State of Croatia.svg Independent State of Croatia | Ustaša – Croatian Revolutionary Movement | Croatian irredentism, Croatian ultranationalism, National conservatism, Social conservatism, Clerical fascism, Fascist corporatism, Political Catholicism, Anti-communism | April 10, 1941 | May 8, 1945 | Europe
File:Flag of Latvian SSR (1918-1920).svg Latvia | Communist Party of Latvia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | December 17, 1918 | January 13, 1920 | Europe
File:Flag of Latvian SSR (1940-1953).svg Latvia | Communist Party of Latvia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | July 21, 1940 | August 5, 1940 | Europe
File:Flag of Libya (1969–1972).svg Libya | Arab Socialist Union | Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, Pan-Arabism, Nasserism, Nationalism | 1971  | 1977  | Africa
File:Flag of the Lithuanian-Byelorussian SSR.svg Lithuania–Byelorussia | Communist Party of Lithuania and Belorussia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | February 17, 1919 | July 17, 1919 | Europe
File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania | File:Flag of Lithuanian National Union.svg Lithuanian Nationalist Union | Lithuanian nationalism, National conservatism, Social conservatism, Fascist corporatism, Right-wing populism, Anti-communism, Antisemitism | 1927  | 1940  | Europe
File:Flag of Lithuanian SSR (1940-1953).svg Lithuania | Communist Party of Lithuania | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | July 21, 1940 | August 3, 1940 | Europe
File:Flag of Madagascar.svg Democratic Republic of Madagascar | National Front for the Defense of the Revolution | Left-wing nationalism, Scientific socialism | 1976  | 1989  | Africa
File:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi | Malawi Congress Party | Ubuntu, Conservatism, African nationalism, Anti-colonialism | 1964  | 1993  | Africa
File:Flag of Mali (1959–1961).svgFile:Flag of Mali.svg Mali | Sudanese Union – African Democratic Rally | African nationalism, Pan-Africanism, African socialism | 1960  | 1968  | Africa
File:Flag of Mali.svg Mali | Democratic Union of the Malian People | African socialism, Democratic centralism | 1976  | 1991  | Africa
File:Flag of Manchukuo.svg Manchukuo | File:Flag of Concordia Association.svg Concordia Association | Fascism, Monarchism, Manchurian nationalism, Pan-Asianism, Anti-communism, Personalism, collaborationism | April 1, 1932[9] | May 1, 1945[9] | Asia
File:Flag of Mauritania (1959–2017).svg Mauritania | Mauritanian People's Party | Nationalism, Centralism, Islamic socialism | 1961  | 1978  | Africa
File:Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1924-1930).svgFile:Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1930-1940).svgFile:Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1940-1945).svgFile:Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1940-1992).svg Mongolia | Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | 1921  | July 29, 1990 | Asia
File:Flag of Mozambique (1974-1975).svgFile:Flag of Mozambique (1975-1983).svgFile:Flag of Mozambique (1983).svgFile:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique | File:Flag of FRELIMO (1997–2004).svg FRELIMO | Marxism–Leninism | June 25, 1975 | December 1, 1990 | Africa
File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger | Nigerien Progressive Party – African Democratic Rally | African nationalism, Pan-Africanism | 1960  | 1974  | Africa
File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger | National Movement for the Development of Society | Conservatism | 1989  | 1991  | Africa
File:Flag of North Vietnam 1945-1955.svg Vietnam (partially)  | File:Flag of the Communist Party of Vietnam.svg Workers' Party of North Vietnam (League for the Independence of Vietnam)  | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Ho Chi Minh Thought | September 2, 1945 | 1946[citation needed] | Asia
File:Flag of North Vietnam (1955–1975).svg North Vietnam | Workers' Party of North Vietnam (Vietnamese Fatherland Front)  | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Ho Chi Minh Thought | 1955  | July 2, 1976 | Asia
File:Flag of North Yemen.svg North Yemen | File:General People's Congress flag.svg General People's Congress | Yemeni nationalism, Arab nationalism, Pan-Arabism, Big tent | 1982  | 1988  | Asia
File:Flag of Norway.svg National Government | File:Flag of Nasjonal Samling.svg National Rally | Fascism, Nazism, Fascist corporatism, Anti-communism, Collaborationism | September 25, 1940 | May 8, 1945 | Europe
File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg Ottoman Empire | Union and Progress Party[10] | İttihadism | 11 June 1913 | 1918  | Asia/Europe
File:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay | File:Bandera Partido Colorado de Paraguay.svg Colorado Party | Conservatism, national conservatism | 1947  | 1962  | South America
File:Flag of Persian Socialist Soviet Republic.svg Persia | Communist Party of Persia | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | 1920  | 1921  | Asia
File:Flag of the Philippines (1943-1945).svg Republic of the Philippines | File:Flag of Kalibapi.svg Association for Service to the New Philippines | Filipino nationalism, National conservatism, Fascism, Pro-Japan, collaborationism | October 14, 1943 | August 17, 1945 | Asia
File:Flag of Poland (1928-1980).svgFile:Flag of Poland (with coat of arms, 1980-1990).svg Poland | File:Polish United Workers' Party flag.svg Polish United Workers' Party (Front of National Unity)  | Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | February 5, 1947 | July 1982 | Europe
File:Flag of Poland (1928-1980).svgFile:Flag of Poland (with coat of arms, 1980-1990).svg Poland | File:Polish United Workers' Party flag.svg Polish United Workers' Party (Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth)  | Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | July 1982 | August 24, 1989 | Europe
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal | File:União Nacional Flag.svg National Union | Salazarism, corporatism, Integralismo Lusitano | July 30, 1930[11] | October 8, 1945[11] | Europe
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal | File:União Nacional Flag.svg National Union | Salazarism, corporatism, Integralismo Lusitano | January 31, 1948[12] | September 1969[note 2] | Europe
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal | File:União Nacional Flag.svg People's National Action (formerly National Union)  | Corporatism, Integralismo Lusitano | 1970 | April 25, 1974 | Europe
File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania | File:Flag of the National Renaissance Front.svg Party of the Nation | Big tent, Romanian nationalism, Monarchism | December 16, 1938 | September 6, 1940 | Europe
File:Flag of Romania.svgFile:Flag of the Legionary Movement.png National Legionary State | File:Flag of the Iron Guard (Legion of the Archangel Michael or Legionary Movement).svg Iron Guard | Legionarism, clerical fascism, Christian nationalism | September 6, 1940 | January 23, 1941 | Europe
File:Flag of Romania.svgFile:Flag of Romania (1948-1952).svgFile:Flag of Romania (1952-1965).svgFile:Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg Romania | File:Flag of PCR.svg Romanian Communist Party (People's Democratic Front)  | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | February 5, 1948 | 1968  | Europe
File:Flag of Romania (1948-1952).svgFile:Flag of Romania (1952-1965).svgFile:Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg Romania | File:Flag of PCR.svg Romanian Communist Party (Front of Socialist Unity)  | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, National Communism | 1968  | 1980  | Europe
File:Flag of Romania.svgFile:Flag of Romania (1948-1952).svgFile:Flag of Romania (1952-1965).svgFile:Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg Romania | File:Flag of PCR.svg Romanian Communist Party (Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy)  | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, National Communism | 1980  | December 29, 1989 | Europe
File:Flag of Rwanda (1962–2001).svg Rwanda | Parmehutu | Hutu Power | 1965  | 1973  | Africa
File:Flag of Rwanda (1962–2001).svg Rwanda | File:Flag of the National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development (MRND).png National Revolutionary Movement for Development | Hutu Power, Ultranationalism, Social conservatism, Anti-communism | 1978  | 1991  | Africa
File:Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino | Sammarinese Fascist Party | Italian fascism, Corporatism | 1926  | 1943  | Europe
File:Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino | Republican Fascist Party of San Marino  | Italian fascism | 1943  | 1944  | Europe
File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal | Socialist Party of Senegal | African nationalism, African socialism | 1966  | 1974  | Africa
File:Flag of Seychelles (1977–1996).svg Seychelles | Seychelles People's Progressive Front | Communism, Marxism-Leninism | 1977  | 1991  | Africa
File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone | All People's Congress | African nationalism, Democratic socialism | 1978  | 1991  | Africa
File:Flag of First Slovak Republic 1939-1945.svg Slovak Republic | File:Flag of the Hlinka party (1938–1945) variant 2.svg Hlinka's Slovak People's Party – Party of Slovak National Unity | Clerical fascism, Slovak nationalism | March 14, 1939 | May 8, 1945 | Europe
File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia | Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party | Islamic socialism, Marxism–Leninism, Pan-Somalism

Scientific socialism, Somali nationalism

| July 1976 | January 26, 1991 | Africa
File:Flag of South Yemen.svg South Yemen | File:Flag of the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Occupied Arabian Gulf.svg National Liberation Front | Arab nationalism, Arab socialism | November 30, 1967 | October 31, 1978 | Asia
File:Flag of South Yemen.svg South Yemen | File:Yemeni Socialist Party Flag.svg Yemeni Socialist Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | October 31, 1978 | May 22, 1990 | Asia
File:Flag of South Yemen.svg Yemen | File:Yemeni Socialist Party Flag.svg Yemeni Socialist Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | May 21, 1994 | July 7, 1994 | Asia
File:Flag of the Commune of the Working People of Estonia.svg Estonia | Russian Communist Party (Central Committee of the Estonian Sections)  | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | November 29, 1918 | June 5, 1919 | Europe
File:Flag the Russian SFSR (1918).svgFile:Flag of the Russian SFSR (1918-1920).svg Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic | Russian Communist Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | March 8, 1918[13] | December 30, 1922 | Europe/Asia
File:Flag the Russian SFSR (1918).svgFile:Flag of the Russian SFSR (1918-1920).svg Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic | Russian Social Democratic Labour Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | January 19, 1918 | March 8, 1918[13] | Europe/Asia
File:Flag of the Soviet Union (1923).svgFile:Flag of the Soviet Union (1924).svgFile:Flag of the Soviet Union (1924-1936).svgFile:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | Russian Communist Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | December 30, 1922 | December 31, 1925[13] | Europe/Asia
File:Flag of the Soviet Union (1924).svgFile:Flag of the Soviet Union (1924-1936).svgFile:Flag of the Soviet Union (1936-1955).svgFile:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | All-Union Communist Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism, Stalinism | December 31, 1925[13] | October 13, 1952[13] | Europe/Asia
File:Flag of the Soviet Union (1936-1955).svgFile:Flag of the Soviet Union (1955-1980).svgFile:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | Communist Party of the Soviet Union | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | October 13, 1952[13] | October 9, 1990[14] | Europe/Asia
File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Kingdom of Spain | Patriotic Union | Spanish nationalism, Political Catholicism, Monarchism, Conservatism | 1924  | 1930  | Europe
File:Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg Spanish State | File:Bandera FE JONS.svg FET y de las JONS | Francoism, Falangism, Spanish nationalism, traditionalism, National Catholicism, anti-liberalism, corporatism | April 19, 1937 | July 6, 1976[15] | Europe
File:Flag of Sudan.svg Democratic Republic of the Sudan | File:Flag of the Sudanese Socialist Union.svg Sudanese Socialist Union | Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, Anti-communism | 1971  | 1985  | Africa
File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan | National Congress Party | Islamism, Arab nationalism, Salafism, Social conservatism | 1989  | 2005  | Africa
File:Flag of Syria (1932-1958; 1961-1963).svg Syrian Republic | Arab Liberation Movement | Pan-Arabism, Modernization, Pro-Western | 1953  | 1954  | Asia
Syria | File:Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party (National Progressive Front)  | Neo-Ba'athism | 1963  | February 27, 2012[16][17] | Asia
File:Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe | Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe – Social Democratic Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism | 1975  | 1990  | Africa
File:Flag of Tanganyika (1961–1964).svg Tanganyika | File:Flag of TANU.svg Tanganyika African National Union | African nationalism, African socialism, Ujamaa | 1961  | 1977  | Africa
File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania | Chama Cha Mapinduzi | Ujamaa, African socialism | 1977  | 1992  | Africa
File:Flag of Togo.svg Togo | Party of Togolese Unity | African nationalism | 1962  | 1963  | Africa
File:Flag of Togo.svg Togo | Rally of the Togolese People | African nationalism, Right-wing populism | 1969  | 1991  | Africa
File:Flag of Tunisia (1959–1999).svg Tunisia | Neo Destour | Tunisian nationalism, Bourguibism | 1963  | 1964  | Africa
File:Flag of Tunisia (1959–1999).svg Tunisia | Socialist Destourian Party | Tunisian nationalism, Secularism, Bourguibism | 1964  | 1981  | Africa
Turkey (one-party period)  | File:Flag of the Republican People's Party (Turkey).svg Republican People's Party | Kemalism | 1923  | 1945  | Asia/Europe
File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan | Democratic Party of Turkmenistan | Turkmen nationalism, Secularism, Social conservatism, Catch-all party | 1992  | 2008  | Asia
File:Flag of the Tuvinian Peoples Revolutionary Party.svgFile:Flag of Tannu Tuva (1921-1926).svgFile:Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1926-1930).svgFile:Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1930-1933).svgFile:Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1933-1939).svgFile:Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1941-1943).svgFile:Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1943-1944).svg Tuva | File:Flag of the Tuvinian Peoples Revolutionary Party.svg Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | August 14, 1921 | October 11, 1944 | Asia
File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda | File:Flag of Uganda People's Congress (UPC).png Uganda People's Congress | Social democracy, African nationalism, Pan-Africanism | 1969  | 1971  | Africa
File:Flag of Ukrainian SSR (1919-1929).svg Ukraine | Communist Party of Ukraine | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | March 10, 1919 | December 30, 1922 | Europe
File:Flag of the United Arab Republic.svg United Arab Republic | National Union | Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, Pan-Arabism | 1958  | 1961  | Africa
File:Flag of Upper Volta.svg Upper Volta | Voltaic Democratic Union-African Democratic Rally | African nationalism, Pan-Africanism | 1960  | 1966  | Africa
File:Flag of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.svg Yugoslavia | Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy | Royalism, Yugoslav nationalism, Agrarianism, Centralism, Anti-liberalism | 1929  | 1931  | Europe
File:Flag of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia.svgFile:Flag of SFR Yugoslavia.svg Yugoslavia | File:League of Communists of Yugoslavia Flag.svg League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia)  | Marxism–Leninism, Titoism, Yugoslavism | November 29, 1945 | January 22, 1990 | Europe
File:Flag of Zaire (1971–1997).svg Zaire | Popular Movement of the Revolution | Mobutism, Zairean nationalism, Authenticité | 1970  | 1990  | Africa
File:Flag of Zambia (1964–1996).svg Zambia | File:Unip Zambia Flag.png United National Independence Party | African socialism, African nationalism | 1972  | 1990  | Africa
File:Flag of Zanzibar.svg Zanzibar | File:Flag of Afro-Shirazi party.svg Afro-Shirazi Party | African nationalism, Marxism–Leninism | 1964  | 1977  | Africa

## See also[edit | edit source]

* Ban on factions in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
* Political organisation
* Dominant-party system
* Political factionalism
* Outline of democracy
* Multi-party system
* Two-party system
* List of political party songs

## Notes[edit | edit source]

1. ^ The Republic of China controlled the mainland from 1912 to 1949 and the island of Taiwan since 1945, in which the ROC currently administers the Free area. This government served China in the United Nations from 1945 to 1971. See Political status of Taiwan and the One-China policy for various viewpoints.
2. ^ Following the appointment of Marcelo Caetano as Prime Minister in 1968, the opposition was allowed to run to the 1969 Portuguese legislative election, before being banned.

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ^ Clark, William Roberts; Golder, Matt; Golder, Sona Nadenichek (23 March 2012). Principles of Comparative Politics. SAGE. ISBN 9781608716791.
2. ^ Holmes, Geoffrey; and Szechi, D. (2014). The Age of Oligarchy: Pre-Industrial Britain 1722–1783. Routledge. p. xi. ISBN 131789426X. ISBN 978-1317894261.
3. ^ Bozarslan, Hamit (2019). "Afterword: Talaat's Empire: A Backward Country, but a State Well Ahead of Its Time". End of the Ottomans - The Genocide of 1915 and the Politics of Turkish Nationalism. I. B. Tauris. p. 330\. ISBN 978-1-7867-3604-8.
4. ^ Afghanistan: A Country Study
5. ^ "Afghanistan 1977". Princeton University. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012.
6. ^ The Search for a Cameroonian Model of Democracy or the Search for the Domination of the State Party: 1966-2006
7. ^ Central African Republic Unions Strike for Democracy 1990-1993
8. ^ Mediterranean Fascism 1919–1945
9. ^ a b China at War: Regions of China, 1937-1945
10. ^ Bozarslan, Hamit (2019). "Afterword: Talaat's Empire: A Backward Country, but a State Well Ahead of Its Time". End of the Ottomans - The Genocide of 1915 and the Politics of Turkish Nationalism. I. B. Tauris. p. 330\. ISBN 978-1-7867-3604-8.
11. ^ a b 12th Period - Second Republic of Portugal
12. ^ Fascism and Resistance in Portugal: Communists, Liberals and Military
13. ^ a b c d e f The Constitution of the Russian Federation: A Contextual Analysis By Jane Henderson
14. ^ Ideology And Political System By Kundan Kumar
15. ^ Law 21/1976, of June 14, on the Right of Political Association.
16. ^ "Presidential Decree on Syria's New Constitution". Syrian Arab News Agency. 28 February 2012. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
17. ^ Chulov, Martin (27 February 2012). "Syrian regime rockets bombard Homs". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 14 March 2012.

## External links[edit | edit source]

* Map of One Party States, 1945-95
* One-party states in Africa BBC
* List of One-Party Regimes

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