Parents Bill of Rights Act

Proposed U.S. federal legislation codifying parental rights in education

Parents Bill of Rights Act

Long title| An Act to ensure the rights of parents are honored and protected in the Nation’s public schools.
Enacted by| the 118th United States Congress
Legislative history

* Introduced in the House as H.R. 5 by Julia Letlow (R‑LA–5) on March 1, 2023
* Committee consideration by Education and the Workforce
* Passed the House on March 24, 2023 (213–208)
* Passed the Senate on Not considered

Parents Bill of Rights Act is a proposal of the 118th United States Congress intended to establish federal statutory protections for parental rights in K–12 public education. The bill, formally designated H.R. 5, was introduced by Representative Julia Letlow of Louisiana and passed the House on March 24, 2023, largely along party lines, but was not taken up by the Senate.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Background
* 2 Provisions
* 3 Legislative history
* 4 Support and opposition
* 5 Related state legislation
* 6 Significance
* 7 See also
* 8 References

## Background[edit | edit source]

The proposal arose amid increasing debate over parental access to information about curriculum, classroom materials, and school policies concerning student health, privacy, and gender identity. Proponents framed the bill as restoring parental control over children’s education, while critics viewed it as federal overreach and a potential vehicle for censorship in public schools.[2] Similar legislation was concurrently introduced in several states, reflecting a national trend toward codifying parental oversight of education policy.[3]

## Provisions[edit | edit source]

The bill proposed to amend the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to require schools receiving federal funding to provide parents with explicit rights to access and review instructional materials, meet with educators, and be informed of school policies and incidents affecting student safety. Its key provisions included:[4]

* Right to review curricula, instructional materials, and library books used in classrooms.
* Requirement that schools hold at least two parent–teacher meetings per year.
* Mandatory notification to parents of any violent incidents occurring on school grounds.
* Public disclosure of school budgets and spending.
* Affirmation that parents have a fundamental constitutional right to direct their children’s education and that any governmental restriction is subject to strict scrutiny.

The legislation included a “Sense of Congress” statement declaring that “parents have a fundamental right to direct the upbringing and education of their children,” referencing precedents in Supreme Court cases such as Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925) and Troxel v. Granville (2000).[1]

## Legislative history[edit | edit source]

Representative Letlow introduced H.R. 5 on March 1, 2023. It was referred to the House Committee on Education and the Workforce and reported out with amendments later that month. The House of Representatives passed the bill on March 24, 2023, by a vote of 213–208, with all Democrats and five Republicans voting against it.[5] The measure was received in the United States Senate but was not advanced to a vote before the close of the session.

## Support and opposition[edit | edit source]

Supporters argued the legislation promoted transparency, restored parental trust in public schools, and protected families from being excluded from critical decisions regarding their children’s education.[6] Republican lawmakers described it as part of a broader effort to “put parents back in charge of their children’s education.”

Opponents, including most Democratic members of Congress and teacher unions, criticized the bill as a “culture-war” measure that would burden educators, politicize classroom decisions, and risk undermining student privacy protections.[7] Advocacy organizations such as the American Federation of Teachers and National Education Association argued that existing laws like the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act already safeguard parental access to student information.

## Related state legislation[edit | edit source]

Following federal debate, numerous states advanced their own parental-rights bills. In Ohio, Ohio House Bill 8 (2025)—a similarly titled Parents’ Bill of Rights—was enacted to mandate parental notification policies regarding classroom content on sexuality and gender identity.[8] By mid-2025, at least twenty-three states had enacted or proposed similar laws affirming parents’ rights to direct education, health, and moral training.[6]

## Significance[edit | edit source]

The Parents Bill of Rights Act remains a touchstone in U.S. education policy debates, symbolizing the clash between parental authority and school autonomy. Although not enacted, it has influenced ongoing state and federal initiatives addressing transparency, curriculum review, and the balance of rights among parents, educators, and students.[2]

## See also[edit | edit source]

* Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
* Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
* Parental Rights in Education Act
* Educational policy in the United States

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ^ a b "H.R.5 – Parents Bill of Rights Act". Congress.gov. U.S. Congress. March 24, 2023. Archived from the original on March 24, 2023. Retrieved October 20, 2025.
2. ^ a b "Moving from a "parents' bill of rights" to a cross-partisan policy agenda to better support parents". Brookings Institution. April 12, 2023. Archived from the original on April 19, 2023. Retrieved October 20, 2025.
3. ^ "What to know about the House and Senate parental rights bills". New Hampshire Bulletin. June 4, 2025. Archived from the original on June 10, 2025. Retrieved October 20, 2025.
4. ^ "Parents Bill of Rights Act – Summary as Reported by Committee" (PDF). halrogers.house.gov. Office of Rep. Hal Rogers. March 2023. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 28, 2023. Retrieved October 20, 2025.
5. ^ "Pros and Cons of the Parents Bill of Rights". Congressional Digest. April 2023. Archived from the original on April 22, 2023. Retrieved October 20, 2025.
6. ^ a b "Federal legislation introduced for Parents Bill of Rights, 23 states already on board". Baptist Press. March 2023. Archived from the original on March 28, 2023. Retrieved October 20, 2025.
7. ^ "GOP bill establishing a federal parental bill of rights passed in U.S. House". Virginia Mercury. March 27, 2023. Archived from the original on March 30, 2023. Retrieved October 20, 2025.
8. ^ "Ohio House Bill 8 – Parents Bill of Rights". Ohio Legislature. April 2025. Archived from the original on April 18, 2025. Retrieved October 20, 2025.

*[R‑LA]: Republican of Louisiana