Royal Australian Navy

Naval warfare branch of the Australian Defence Force

Royal Australian Navy

File:2002 RAN badge.jpg
Founded| 10 July 1911
Country|  Australia
Branch| Navy
Role| Naval warfare
Size| 15,285 Permanent personnel[1]
3,932 Reserve personnel[1]
43 vessels[2]
Part of| Australian Defence Force
Headquarters| Russell Offices, Canberra
Motto(s)| To fight and win at sea.[3]
March| "Royal Australian Navy"
Anniversaries| 10 July
Engagements|

* First World War
* Second World War
* Korean War
* Malayan Emergency
* Indonesian Confrontation
* Vietnam War
* Gulf War
* War in Afghanistan
* Iraq War

Website| www.navy.gov.au
Commanders
Commander-in-chief| Governor-General David Hurley as representative of Charles III as King of Australia[4]
Chief of the Defence Force| General Angus Campbell
Vice Chief of the Defence Force| Vice Admiral David Johnston
Chief of Navy| Vice Admiral Mark Hammond
Deputy Chief of Navy| Rear Admiral Christopher Smith
Commander Australian Fleet| Rear Admiral Jonathan Earley
Insignia
Naval ensign|
Naval jack|
Sovereign's Colour|

File:Queen's Colour for the Royal Australian Navy.svg

Military unit

The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the principal naval force of Australia, a part of the Australian Defence Force (ADF) along with the Australian Army and Royal Australian Air Force. The Navy is commanded by the Chief of Navy (CN), who is subordinate to the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) who commands the ADF;[5] the current CN is Vice Admiral Mark Hammond. The CN is also directly responsible to the Minister of Defence, with the Department of Defence administering the ADF and the Navy.

Formed in 1901, as the Commonwealth Naval Forces, through the amalgamation of the Australian colonial navies following the Federation of Australia. Although it was originally intended for local defence, it became increasingly responsible for the defence of the region as the United Kingdom started to diminish its forces in the Pacific.

The Royal Australian Navy was initially a green-water navy, and where the Royal Navy provided a blue-water force to the Australian Squadron, which the Australian and New Zealand governments helped to fund, and that was assigned to the Australia Station. This period lasted until 1913, when naval ships purchased from Britain arrived, although the British Admiralty continued to provide blue-water defence capability in the Pacific up to the early years of the Second World War.[6]

During its history, the Royal Australian Navy has participated in a number of major wars, including the First and Second World Wars, Korean War, Malayan Emergency, Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation and the Vietnam War. Today, the RAN consists of 43 commissioned vessels, 4 non-commissioned vessels and over 16,000 personnel. The navy is one of the largest and most sophisticated naval forces in the South Pacific region, with a significant presence in the Indian Ocean and worldwide operations in support of military campaigns and peacekeeping missions.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 Formation
* 1.2 World War I
* 1.2.1 Pacific
* 1.2.2 Atlantic and Mediterranean
* 1.3 Interwar years
* 1.4 World War II
* 1.5 Post war to present
* 2 Structure
* 2.1 Command structure
* 2.2 Fleet
* 2.3 Clearance Diving Branch
* 3 Personnel
* 4 Ranks and uniforms
* 4.1 Commissioned officers
* 4.2 Other ranks
* 4.3 Special ranks
* 4.3.1 Special insignia
* 4.3.2 Religious and Spiritual Officers
* 4.4 Uniforms
* 5 Ships and equipment
* 5.1 Current ships
* 5.2 Aviation
* 5.3 Small arms
* 5.4 Future
* 6 Current operations
* 7 See also
* 8 References
* 8.1 Notes
* 8.2 Bibliography
* 9 External links

## History[edit | edit source]

Main article: History of the Royal Australian Navy

### Formation[edit | edit source]

The Commonwealth Naval Forces were established on 1 March 1901, with the amalgamation of the six separate colonial naval forces, following the Federation of Australia. The Royal Australian Navy initially consisted of the former New South Wales, Victorian, Queensland, Western Australian, South Australian and Tasmanian ships and resources of their disbanded navies.

The Defence Act 1903 established the operation and command structure of the Royal Australian Navy.[7] When policymakers sought to determine the newly established force's requirements and purpose, there were arguments about whether Australia's naval force would be structured mainly for local defence or designed to serve as a fleet unit within a larger imperial force, controlled centrally by the British Admiralty.[8] In 1908–09, a compromise solution was pursued, with the Australian government agreeing to establish a force for local defence but that would be capable of forming a fleet unit within the Royal Navy, albeit without central control. As a result, the navy's force structure was set at "one battlecruiser, three light cruisers, six destroyers and three submarines". The first of the RAN's new vessels, the destroyer HMAS Yarra (I), was completed in September 1910, and by the outbreak of the First World War the majority of the planned fleet had been realised.[9] On 10 July 1911, King George V granted the service the title of "Royal Australian Navy".[10]

### World War I[edit | edit source]

#### Pacific[edit | edit source]

Following the declaration of war on the Central Powers, the British War Office tasked the capture of German New Guinea to the Australian Government. This was to deprive the Imperial German Navy's East Asia Squadron of regional intelligence by removing their access to wireless stations. On 11 August, three destroyers and HMAS Sydney prepared to engage the squadron at German Anchorages in New Guinea, which did not eventuate as the vessels were not present. Landing parties were placed on Rabaul and Herbertshohe to destroy its German wireless station; however, the objective was found to be further inland and an expeditionary force was required. Meanwhile, HMAS Australia was tasked with scouring the Pacific Ocean for the German squadron.

The Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force (ANMEF) began recruiting on the same day that the taskforce arrived in New Britain, and consisted of two battalions: one of 1,000 men, and the other with 500 serving and former seamen. On 19 August, the ANMEF departed Sydney for training in Townsville before the rendezvous with other RAN vessels in Port Moresby.[11] On 29 August, four cruisers and HMAS Australia assisted the Samoa Expeditionary Force in landing at Apia, and committing a bloodless takeover of German Samoa. Additionally, the RAN captured German merchant vessels, disrupting German merchant shipping in the Pacific. On 7 September, the ANMEF, now including HMAS Australia, three destroyers, and two each of cruisers and submarines, departed for Rabaul.

A few days later, on 9 September, HMAS Melbourne landed a party to destroy the island's wireless station, though the German administration promptly surrendered. Between 11-12 September, landings were put ashore at Kabakaul, Rabaul and Herbertshohe; it was during this period that the first Australian casualties and deaths of the war occurred. On 14 September, HMAS Encounter barraged an enemy position at Toma with shells; it was the first time the RAN had fired upon an enemy and had shelled an inland location. On 17 September, German New Guinea surrendered to the encroaching ANMEF, with the overall campaign a success and exceeded the objectives set by the War Office. However, the RAN submarine HMAS AE1 became the first ever vessel of the new navy to be sunk.[11] The Australian Squadron was placed under control of the British Admiralty,[12] and was moreover tasked with protecting Australian shipping.[11]

On 1 November, the RAN escorted the first Australian Imperial Force convoy from Albany, WA and set for the Khedivate of Egypt, which was soon to become the Sultanate of Egypt. On 9 November, HMAS Sydney began hunting for SMS Emden, a troublesome German coastal raider, which Sydney later destroyed. Following the almost complete destruction of the East Asia Squadron in the Battle of the Falklands by the Royal Navy, the RAN became able to be reassigned to other naval theatres of the war.[11]

#### Atlantic and Mediterranean[edit | edit source]

On 28 February 1915, the Royal Australian Naval Bridging Train (RANBT) was formed with members of the Royal Australian Naval Reserve who could not find billets in the RAN.[13] Following the entrance of the Ottoman Empire in alliance with the Central Powers, HMAS AE2 was committed to the initial naval operation of the Gallipoli campaign. After the failure of the naval strategy, an amphibious assault was planned to enable the Allies' warships to pass through the Dardanelles and capture Constantinople. The RANBT was sent ashore, along with the invasion, for engineering duties.[14]

Later in the war, most of the RAN's major ships operated as part of Royal Navy forces in the Mediterranean and North Seas, and then later in the Adriatic, and then the Black Sea following the surrender of the Ottoman Empire.[9]

### Interwar years[edit | edit source]

In 1919, the RAN received a force of six destroyers, three sloops and six submarines from the Royal Navy,[15] but throughout the 1920s and early 1930s, the RAN was drastically reduced in size due to a variety of factors including political apathy and economic hardship as a result of the Great Depression.[16] In this time the focus of Australia's naval policy shifted from defence against invasion to trade protection,[17] and several fleet units were sunk as targets or scrapped. By 1923, the size of the navy had fallen to eight vessels,[16] and by the end of the decade it had fallen further to five, with just 3,500 personnel.[17] In the late 1930s, as international tensions increased, the RAN was modernised and expanded, with the service receiving primacy of funding over the Army and Air Force during this time as Australia began to prepare for war.[17]

### World War II[edit | edit source]

Early in the Second World War, RAN ships again operated as part of Royal Navy formations, many serving with distinction in the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf, the Indian Ocean, and off the West African coast.[18] Following the outbreak of the Pacific War and the virtual destruction of Allied naval forces in Southeast Asia, the RAN operated more independently, defending against Axis naval activity in Australian waters, or participating in United States Navy offensives. As the navy took on an even greater role, it was expanded significantly and at its height the RAN was the fourth-largest navy in the world, with 39,650 personnel operating 337 warships.[17] A total of 34 vessels were lost during the war, including three cruisers and four destroyers.[19]

### Post war to present[edit | edit source]

After the Second World War, the size of the RAN was again reduced, but it gained new capabilities with the acquisition of two aircraft carriers, Sydney and Melbourne.[20] The RAN saw action in many Cold War–era conflicts in the Asia-Pacific region and operated alongside the Royal Navy and United States Navy off Korea, Malaysia, and Vietnam.[21] Since the end of the Cold War, the RAN has been part of Coalition forces in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean, operating in support of Operation Slipper and undertaking counter piracy operations. It was also deployed in support of Australian peacekeeping operations in East Timor and the Solomon Islands.[22]

The high demand for personnel in the Second World War led to the establishment of the Women's Royal Australian Naval Service (WRANS) branch in 1942, where over 3,000 women served in shore-based positions. The WRANS was disbanded in 1947, but then re-established in 1951 during the Cold War. It was given permanent status in 1959, and the RAN was the final branch to integrate women in the Australian military in 1985.[23]

## Structure[edit | edit source]

### Command structure[edit | edit source]

The strategic command structure of the RAN was overhauled during the New Generation Navy changes.[24] The RAN is commanded through Naval Headquarters (NHQ) in Canberra.[25] The professional head is the Chief of Navy (CN), who holds the rank of vice admiral.[26] NHQ is responsible for implementing policy decisions handed down from the Department of Defence and for overseeing tactical and operational issues that are the purview of the subordinate commands.[27]

Beneath NHQ are two subordinate commands:

* Fleet Command: fleet command is led by Commander Australian Fleet (COMAUSFLT). COMAUSFLT holds the rank of rear admiral; previously, this post was Flag Officer Commanding HM's Australian Fleet (FOCAF), created in 1911,[28] but the title was changed in 1988 to the Maritime Commander Australia. On 1 February 2007, the title changed again, becoming Commander Australian Fleet.[29] The nominated at-sea commander is Commodore Warfare (COMWAR), a one-star deployable task group commander. Fleet command has responsibility to CN for the full command of assigned assets, and to Joint Operations command for the provision of operationally ready forces.
* Navy Strategic Command: the administrative element overseeing the RAN's training, engineering and logistical support needs. Instituted in 2000, the Systems Commander was appointed at the rank of commodore; in June 2008, the position was upgraded to the rank of rear admiral.

Fleet Command was previously made up of seven Force Element Groups, but after the New Generation Navy changes, this was restructured into four Force Commands:[30]

* Fleet Air Arm (previously known as the Australian Navy Aviation Group), responsible for the navy's aviation assets and capability. As of 2018, the FAA consists of two front line helicopter squadrons (one focused on anti-submarine and anti-shipping warfare and the other a transport unit), two training squadrons and a trials squadron.[31]
* Mine Warfare, Clearance Diving, Hydrographic, Meteorological and Patrol Forces, an amalgamation of the previous Patrol Boat, Hydrographic, and Mine Warfare and Clearance Diving Forces, operating what are collectively termed the RAN's "minor war vessels"
* Submarine Force, (Royal Australian Navy Submarine Service) operating the Collins-class submarines
* Surface Force, covering the RAN's surface combatants (generally ships of frigate size or larger)

### Fleet[edit | edit source]

The Royal Australian Navy consists of nearly 50 commissioned vessels and over 16,000 personnel.[32] Ships commissioned into the RAN are given the prefix HMAS (His/Her Majesty's Australian Ship).[33]

The RAN has two primary bases for its fleet: the first, Fleet Base East, is located at HMAS Kuttabul, Sydney and the second, Fleet Base West, is located at HMAS Stirling, near Perth.[34][35] In addition, three other bases are home to the majority of the RAN's minor war vessels: HMAS Cairns, in Cairns, HMAS Coonawarra, in Darwin, and HMAS Waterhen, in Sydney.[36][37][38]

### Clearance Diving Branch[edit | edit source]

Clearance Divers during a ship boarding exercise in 2006 as a part of RIMPAC exercises.

Main article: Clearance Diving Branch (RAN)

The Clearance Diving Branch is composed of two Clearance Diving Teams (CDT) that serve as parent units for naval clearance divers:

* Clearance Diving Team 1 (AUSCDT ONE), based at HMAS Waterhen in New South Wales; and
* Clearance Diving Team 4 (AUSCDT FOUR), based at HMAS Stirling in Western Australia.

When clearance divers are sent into combat, Clearance Diving Team Three (AUSCDT THREE) is formed.

The CDTs have two primary roles:

* Mine counter-measures (MCM) and explosive ordnance disposal (EOD); and
* Maritime tactical operations.

## Personnel[edit | edit source]

File:Able Seaman Maritime Logistics-Support Operations Codie-Lee Reid on HMAS Canberra at RIMPAC 2016.jpg

A female RAN sailor in 2016. Women serve in the RAN in combat roles and at sea.

As of June 2021[update], the RAN has 15,285 permanent full-time personnel, 161 gap year personnel, and 3,932 reserve personnel.[39] The permanent full-time trained force consisted of 2,914 commissioned officers, and 10,056 enlisted personnel.[39] In June 2021, male personnel made up 73% of the permanent full-time force, while female personnel made up 23%. The RAN has the second-highest percentage of women in the permanent forces, compared to the RAAF's 25.5% and the Army's 15.1%.[40]

The following are some of the current senior Royal Australian Navy officers:

* Vice Admiral David Johnston – Vice Chief of the Defence Force
* Vice Admiral Mark Hammond – Chief of Navy
* Vice Admiral Jonathan Mead \- Chief Nuclear-Powered Submarine Taskforce
* Rear Admiral Christopher Smith – Deputy Chief of Navy
* Rear Admiral Jonathan Earley – Commander Australian Fleet
* Rear Admiral Matthew Buckley - Head Nuclear-Powered Submarine Capability
* Rear Admiral Peter Quinn – Head Navy Capability
* Rear Admiral Kath Richards – Head Navy Engineering
* Rear Admiral Bruce Kafer – Director-General Australian Navy Cadets and Reserves[41]
* Commodore Brett Brace – Hydrographer of Australia[41]
* Warrant Officer Deb Butterworth – Warrant Officer of the Navy

## Ranks and uniforms[edit | edit source]

File:Safety briefing aboard HMAS Tobruk in 2010.jpg

Royal Australian Navy sailors in 2010

See also: Australian Defence Force ranks

The uniforms of the Royal Australian Navy are very similar in cut, colour and insignia to their British Royal Navy forerunners. However, beginning with the Second World War, all RAN personnel began wearing shoulder flashes reading Australia, a practice continuing today. These are cloth arcs at shoulder height on uniforms, metallic gold on officers' shoulder boards, and embroidered on shoulder slip-ons.

### Commissioned officers[edit | edit source]

Commissioned officers of the Australian Navy have pay grades ranging from S-1 to O-11. The only O-11 position in the navy is honorary and has only ever been held by royalty, most recently being held by The Duke of Edinburgh.[citation needed] The highest position occupied in the current Royal Australian Navy structure is O-9, a vice admiral who serves as the Chief of the Navy. O-8 (rear admiral) to O-11 (admiral of the fleet) are referred to as flag officers, O-5 (commander) and above are referred to as senior officers, while S-1 (midshipman) to O-4 (lieutenant commander) are referred to as junior officers. All officers of the navy receive a commission from His Majesty King Charles III, King of Australia. The commissioning scroll issued in recognition of the commission is signed by the Governor General of Australia as Commander-in-Chief and the serving Minister for Defence.[citation needed]

Naval officers are trained at the Royal Australian Naval College (HMAS Creswell) in Jervis Bay and the Australian Defence Force Academy in Canberra.[42]

NATO Code | OF-10  | OF-9  | OF-8  | OF-7  | OF-6

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Australia Flag Officer rank insignia | File:Royal Australian Navy OF-10.svg | File:Royal Australian Navy (sleeves) OF-10.svg | File:Royal Australian Navy OF-9.svg | File:Royal Australian Navy (sleeves) OF-9.svg | File:Royal Australian Navy OF-8.svg |  | File:Royal Australian Navy OF-7.svg | File:Royal Australian Navy (sleeves) OF-7.svg | File:Royal Australian Navy OF-6.svg |
Rank title:  | Admiral of the Fleet | Admiral | Vice Admiral | Rear Admiral | Commodore
Abbreviation:  | AF  | ADML  | VADM  | RADM  | CDRE
NATO Code | OF-5  | OF-4  | OF-3  | OF-2  | OF-1  | OF(D)

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Officer rank:  | File:Royal Australian Navy OF-5.svg | File:Royal Australian Navy (sleeves) OF-5.svg | File:Royal Australian Navy OF-4.svg | File:Royal Australian Navy (sleeves) OF-4.svg | File:Royal Australian Navy OF-3.svg | File:Royal Australian Navy (sleeves) OF-3.svg | File:Royal Australian Navy OF-2.svg | File:Royal Australian Navy (sleeves) OF-2.svg | File:Royal Australian Navy OF-1.svg | File:Royal Australian Navy (sleeves) OF-1.svg | File:Royal Australian Navy OF (D).svg
Rank title  | Captain | Commander | Lieutenant Commander | Lieutenant | Sub Lieutenant/Acting Sub Lieutenant | Midshipman
Abbreviation  | CAPT  | CMDR  | LCDR  | LEUT  | SBLT/ASLT  | MIDN

### Other ranks[edit | edit source]

NATO Code | OR-9  | OR-8  | OR-7  | OR-6  | OR-5  | OR-4  | OR-3  | OR-2  | OR-1

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Australia Other Ranks Insignia | File:Royal Australian Navy OR-9b.svg | File:Royal Australian Navy OR-9a.svg | File:Royal Australian Navy OR-8.svg | Petty Officer | Leading Seaman | Able Seaman | Seaman | No insignia

* * *

Rank Title:  | Warrant Officer of the Navy | Warrant Officer | Chief Petty Officer | Petty Officer | Leading Seaman | Able Seaman | Seaman | Recruit
Abbreviation:  | WO-N  | WO  | CPO  | PO  | LS  | AB  | SMN  | RCT  |

### Special ranks[edit | edit source]

File:CIS Department Halifax.jpg

Royal Australian Navy sailors from HMAS Sydney during Operation Northern Trident 2009

Royal Australian Navy Other Ranks wear "right arm rates" insignia, called "Category Insignia" to indicate speciality training qualifications.[43][better source needed] The use pattern mirrors that of the Royal Navy, and has since formation.[citation needed] Stars or a Crown are added to these to indicate higher qualifications.[citation needed]

#### Special insignia[edit | edit source]

The Warrant Officer of the Navy (WO-N) is an appointment held by the most senior sailor in the RAN, and holds the rank of warrant officer (WO). However, the WO-N does not wear the WO rank insignia; instead, they wear the special insignia of the appointment.[44] The WO-N appointment has similar equivalent appointments in the other services, each holding the rank of warrant officer, each being the most senior sailor/soldier/airman in that service, and each wearing their own special insignia rather than their rank insignia. The Australian Army equivalent is the Regimental Sergeant Major of the Army (RSM-A)[45] and the Royal Australian Air Force equivalent is the Warrant Officer of the Air Force (WOFF-AF).[46]

#### Religious and Spiritual Officers[edit | edit source]

File:Royal Australian Navy Chaplain rank slide.png

RAN Chaplain and MSWO Shoulder rank slide (pre-January 2021).

Chaplains in the Royal Australian Navy are commissioned officers who complete the same training as other officers in the RAN at the Royal Australian Naval College, HMAS Creswell. From July 2020, Maritime Spiritual Wellbeing Officers (MSWOs) were introduced to the Navy Chaplaincy Branch, designed to give Navy people and their families with professional, non-religious pastoral care and spiritual support.[47]

RAN regulations group RAN Chaplains and MSWOs with commanders for purposes of protocol such as marks of respect (saluting); however, both workforces have no other rank other than the notional rank of "Chaplain" or "MSWO" respectively. From January 2021, MSWOs and all chaplains will wear the branch’s new non-faith-specific rank insignia of a fouled anchor overlaying a compass rose, which represents a united team front, encompassing all faiths and purpose.[48] Senior Chaplains and MSWOs are grouped with captains, and Principal Chaplains and MSWOs are grouped with commodores, but their rank slide remains the same. Principal Chaplains and MSWOs, however, have gold braid on the peak of their white service cap.[citation needed]

### Uniforms[edit | edit source]

Main article: Uniforms of the Royal Australian Navy

## Ships and equipment[edit | edit source]

### Current ships[edit | edit source]

Further information: Current Royal Australian Navy ships

The RAN currently operates 42 commissioned vessels, made up of nine ship classes and three individual ships, plus four non-commissioned vessels. In addition, DMS Maritime operates a large number of civilian-crewed vessels under contract to the Australian Defence Force.

Image | Class/name | Type | Number | Entered service | Details

HMAS Collins, Collins class

| Collins class | Submarine | 6 | 2000 | Anti-shipping, intelligence collection. Diesel-electric powered.

HMAS Canberra, Canberra class

| Canberra class | Landing helicopter dock | 2 | 2014 | Amphibious warfare ships with aircraft carrier capacity.

File:HMAS Hobart December 2017.jpg

| Hobart class | Destroyer | 3 | 2017 | Air warfare destroyer.[49]

HMAS Perth, Anzac class

| Anzac class | Frigate | 8 | 1996 | Anti-submarine and anti-aircraft frigate with one helicopter. Two more were built for the Royal New Zealand Navy.

HMAS Broome, Armidale class

| Armidale class | Patrol boat | 9 | 2005 | Coastal defence, maritime border, and fishery protection.

HMAS Yarra, Huon class

| Huon class | Minehunter | 4 (2) | 1997 | Minehunting. Four active, two laid up.

HMAS Leeuwin, Leeuwin class

| Leeuwin class | Survey ship | 2 | 2000 | Hydrographic survey

HMAS Choules FBE 2014

| HMAS Choules
(Bay class) | Landing ship dock | 1 | 2011 | Heavy sealift and transport

HMAS Stalwart

| Supply class | Replenishment oiler  | 2  | 2021  | Replenishment at sea and afloat support.
Non-commissioned vessels

An as yet unnamed Cape-class patrol boat at Austal shipyards in Henderson, Western Australia

| Cape class | Patrol boat | 3 | 2017 | Maritime border, and fishery protection augmenting the Armidale class. five more ordered.[50]

STS Young Endeavour

| STS Young Endeavour | Tall ship | 1 | 1988 | Sail training ship

### Aviation[edit | edit source]

Main article: Fleet Air Arm (RAN)

Image | Squadron | Equipment | Number | Role | Details
File:N48-005 at the 2016 ADFA Open Day.jpg | 816 Squadron | MH-60R | 8 | Anti-submarine warfare helicopter
Anti-surface warfare
Search and rescue | The RAN operates 23 MH-60Rs, 8 of which are usually deployed at sea at anyone time with the rest in maintenance and training.[51][52][53] One was ditched in the Philippine Sea in October 2021.[53]
File:Australian MRH-90 lands on USS Green Bay (LPD-20) in July 2015.JPG | 808 Squadron | MRH-90 | 6 | Transport and resupply | In May 2022, the Australian government announced that the MRH-90s would be replaced by MH-60R Seahawks.[54][55] In September 2022, the government ordered 12 MH-60Rs.[56][57]
Training Squadrons
File:N48-005 at the 2016 ADFA Open Day.jpg | 725 Squadron | MH-60R | 15 | Conversion training and maintenance |
File:Joint Helicopter Aircrew Training School (N52-014) Airbus Helicopter EC135T2+ at Wagga Wagga Airport.jpg | 723 Squadron | EC-135T2+ | 15 | Helicopter aircrew training  |
Experimental Squadron
| 822X Squadron | ScanEagle |  | Unmanned aerial vehicles trials |
File:Schiebel CAMCOPTER S-100.jpg | S-100 Camcopter |  |

### Small arms[edit | edit source]

RAN personnel utilise the following small arms:[58]

* EF88 Austeyr
* F89A1 Minimi
* Browning Hi-Power
* 870P Shotgun
* M2HB-QCB
* M4A1 Carbine
* MAG 58

### Future[edit | edit source]

Main article: Future of the Royal Australian Navy

There are currently several major projects underway that will see upgrades to RAN capabilities:

* Project SEA 1180 Phase 1 is building twelve Arafura-class offshore patrol vessels based on the Lürssen OPV80 design, to replace Armidale-class patrol boats. Construction started in November 2018, with the first vessel, HMAS Arafura to enter service in 2022.[59][60]
* Project SEA 1429 Phase 2 is upgrading the Collins-class submarines with the Mk48 Mod 7 CBASS torpedo.[61] Initial Operational Capability (IOC) was achieved in May 2008[61] with Final Operational Capability (FOC) due in December 2018, 60 months late.[61]
* Project SEA 1439 Phase 3 is upgrading the Collins-class submarine platform systems to improve 'reliability, sustainability, safety and capability'. IOC was achieved in October 2007, FOC is due in September 2022.[62]
* Project SEA 1439 Phase 4A is replacing the Collins-class submarines' combat system with the AN/BYG-1(V)8 developed in conjunction with the US Navy[63] IOC Expected to achieve Final Operating Capability in December 2018.[64] IOC was in May 2008 with FOC planned for December 2018.
* Project SEA 1654 Phase 3 acquired two Supply-class replenishment ships based on the Spanish Cantabria-class oiler. HMAS Supply was launched in November 2018[65] and replaced HMAS Success, while the second, HMAS Stalwart replaced HMAS Sirius.
* Project SEA 5000 Phase 1 is acquiring nine Hunter-class frigates based on the British Type 26 Global Combat Ship, to replace the Anzac-class frigates in the late 2020s. The vessels will be built in Adelaide by BAE Systems, with the first three to be named HMA Ships Hunter, Flinders and Tasman.[66]
* Project SEA 1000 is the procurement of 12 submarines of the Attack class, a diesel-electric version of the French Barracuda-class nuclear submarine which would have entered service in the 2030s, with the first boat to be named HMAS Attack. However, in September 2021, the Australian government announced it would terminate the project in favour of acquiring nuclear-powered submarines.
* On 1 May 2020, the Minister for Defence announced that six evolved Cape-class patrol boats had been ordered as a form of economic stimulus following the economic impact of the 2019–2020 coronavirus pandemic. The six ships are worth around $350 million and will be built by Austal in Henderson, Western Australia.[50]
* Project SEA 1905 is the acquisition of a further two Arafura-class offshore patrol vessels in a mine counter-measures configuration.[67]
* Project SEA 2400 is the Hydrographic Data Collection Capability Program which includes the introduction of a Strategic Military Survey Capability (SMSB) to replace the Leeuwin-class survey vessels.[67]
* Project SEA 2200 is the acquisition of two Joint Support Ships to replace HMAS Choules and enhance the logistical support of the RAN.[68]

On 15 September 2021, the Australian Government announced their participation in the AUKUS[69] agreement during a joint press conference[70] with US President Joe Biden, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson and Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison. Under the new agreement, the Royal Australian Navy will, for the first time, be able to build nuclear submarines with the assistance of the United States and the United Kingdom[71][72] The Morrison Government later also announced in March 2022 that an additional submarine base on the East Coast would be constructed in either: Port Kembla, Newcastle or Brisbane to support the incoming fleet.[73]

## Current operations[edit | edit source]

Main article: Current Australian Defence Force deployments

The RAN currently has forces deployed on three major operations:[74]

* Operation Resolute: border protection;
* Operation Manitou: counter-piracy, counter-terrorism and maritime stability in the Middle East; and
* Operation Accordion: support operation to provide sustainment to forces deployed on Operation Manitou.

## See also[edit | edit source]

* Australian Navy Cadets
* Australian White Ensign
* Battle and theatre honours of the Royal Australian Navy
* Royal Australian Navy School of Underwater Medicine
* List of ships of the Royal Australian Navy

## References[edit | edit source]

### Notes[edit | edit source]

1. ^ a b Department of Defence 2021.
2. ^ "Current Ships". Royal Australian Navy. Archived from the original on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
3. ^ "About the Royal Australian Navy". Navy (Royal Australian). Archived from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
4. ^ "Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act – Section 68: Command of naval and military forces". Austlii. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
5. ^ "Defence Act (1903) – SECT 9 Command of Defence Force and arms of Defence Force". Australasian Legal Institute. Archived from the original on 30 November 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
6. ^ Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin (2008). The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History (2nd ed.). South Melbourne, VIC: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-551784-2. OCLC 271822831.
7. ^ "Defence Act 1903". Federal Register of Legislation. Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
8. ^ Dennis et al. 1995, p. 516.
9. ^ a b Whitley 2000, p. 17.
10. ^ Stevens, David. "The R.A.N. – A Brief History". Royal Australian Navy. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
11. ^ a b c d "Before Gallipoli – Australian Operations in 1914". Navy. Archived from the original on 13 September 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
12. ^ Dennis et al. 1995, p. 517.
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### Bibliography[edit | edit source]

* Bogart, Charles H. (2006). "The Royal Australian Navy: A Pictorial Look at the 1980s". Warship International. XLIII (2): 195–221. ISSN 0043-0374.
* Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin (1995). The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-553227-9.
* Frame, Tom (2004). No Pleasure Cruise: The Story of the Royal Australian Navy. Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-74114-233-4.
* Gillett, Ross; Graham, Colin (1977). Warships of Australia. Adelaide, South Australia: Rigby. ISBN 0-7270-0472-7.
* Whitley, M. J. (2000) [1988]. Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. London: Cassell. ISBN 1-85409-521-8.
* Department of Defence, (Australia) (2021). Defence Annual Report 2020-2021 (PDF). Defence Publishing Service. p. 117.

## External links[edit | edit source]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Royal Australian Navy.

* Royal Australian Navy home page
* Historical listing of RAN ships
* Maritimequest Royal Australian Navy photo gallery
* Biographies of senior RAN officers
* Royal and Dominion Navies in World War II, Campaigns, Battles, Warship losses
* ADF Pay & Conditions Manual – Equivalent ranks and classifications

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Royal Australian Navy

Australian Defence Force

Command|

* Chief of Navy
* Deputy Chief of Navy
* Commander Australian Fleet
* Director-General Maritime Operations
* Commodore Flotillas
* Warrant Officer of the Navy

Organisation|

* Royal Australian Naval Reserve
* Australian Navy Cadets
* Maritime Border Command
* Royal Australian Navy School of Underwater Medicine
* Units and Formations

| Fleet Command|

* Surface Force
* Fleet Air Arm (723 Squadron, 725 Squadron, 808 Squadron, 816 Squadron)
* Submarine Service
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|

Navy Headquarters|

* Navy Engineering, Regulation, Certification and Safety
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Ships and
Equipment|

* Current Fleet (Anzac-class frigate, Adelaide-class frigate, Collins-class submarine, Canberra-class landing helicopter dock, Bay-class landing ship, Armidale class patrol boat, Huon-class minehunter, HMAS Sirius (O 266), Leeuwin-class survey vessel, Paluma-class motor launch, STS Young Endeavour, Cape-class patrol boat)
* All Ships
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Installations|

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Personnel|

* Admiral of the Fleet
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Current
Operations|

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History|

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Other|

* Royal Australian Navy Memorial
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Former
Entities|

* Department of the Navy
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* Australian Commonwealth Naval Board

Category Portal

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Australian Defence Force

Australian Defence Organisation (Headquarters: Russell Offices)

Services|

* Royal Australian Navy
* Australian Army
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Leadership|

* Governor-General
* Prime Minister
* Minister for Defence
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* Vice Chief of the Defence Force
* Chief of Army
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* Chief of Air Force
* Chief of Joint Operations
* Senior Positions
* Senior Personnel
* Inspector-General of the Australian Defence Force

Structure|

* Australian Defence Organisation
* Australia's Federation Guard
* Force Element Group
* Special Forces
* Vice Chief of the Defence Force Group
* Joint Operations Command (Headquarters Joint Operations Command, Northern Command, Maritime Border Command)
* Joint Capabilities Group (Joint Logistics Command, Joint Health Command, Australian Defence College, Australian Defence Force Academy, Joint Military Police Unit)
* Judge Advocate General
* Fleet Command
* Forces Command
* Air Command
* Special Operations Command
* 1st Division (Deployable Joint Force Headquarters)
* Navy Strategic Command

Personnel
and training|

* Australian Defence Force ranks and insignia
* Australian Defence Force Reserves (Royal Australian Naval Reserve, Australian Army Reserve, Royal Australian Air Force Reserve)
* Australian Defence Force Cadets (Australian Navy Cadets, Australian Army Cadets, Australian Air Force Cadets, National Cadet Advisory Council)
* Women in the Australian military
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* Conscription
* Defence Force Discipline Act 1982
* Australian Defence Force Basic Flying Training School
* Military Uniforms (Australian Multicam Camouflage Uniform)
* Department of Veterans' Affairs
* Veterans' Review Board

Intelligence|

* Defence Intelligence Organisation
* Australian Signals Directorate
* Australian Geospatial-Intelligence Organisation
* Joint Defence Facility Pine Gap
* Defence Strategic Policy and Intelligence Group

Strategy|

* Australian–US Alliance
* Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty
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* Defence Strategic Policy and Intelligence Group
* Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century White Paper
* Defence of Australia policy
* Review of Australia's Defence Capabilities Report
* Australian Strategic Policy Institute
* Australian National University Strategic and Defence Studies Centre

Equipment|

* Capability Acquisition and Sustainment Group
* Army equipment
* Army artillery
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* Air Force Weaponry
* Air Force aircraft

Installations|

* Military Installations
* Naval Installations
* Army Installations
* Air Force Installations

Culture|

* Australian War Memorial
* Anzac spirit
* Weary Dunlop
* Simpson and his Donkey
* Anzac Day
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* Australian Defence Force Ensign
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* Flags of the Australian Defence Force

History|

* History of the Royal Australian Navy
* History of the Australian Army
* History of the Royal Australian Air Force
* Frontier Wars
* Boer War
* World War I
* Russian Civil War
* World War II
* Korean War
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* Vietnam War
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* Timor-Leste
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* War in Afghanistan
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* Iraq War
* Peace Operations
* Military intervention against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
* Official Histories (Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918, Australia in the War of 1939–1945, Australia in the Korean War 1950–53, The Official History of Australia's Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948–1975, Official History of Australian Peacekeeping, Humanitarian and Post-Cold War Operations)
* Australian military involvement in peacekeeping

Australian Defence Force Military history of Australia

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* e

Commissioned and future warships of the Royal Australian Navy

Destroyers|

| Hobart class|

* Hobart
* Brisbane
* Sydney

|

Frigates|

| Anzac class|

* Anzac
* Arunta
* Warramunga
* Stuart
* Parramatta
* Ballarat
* Toowoomba
* Perth

|

Hunter class|

* HunterUC
* FlindersA
* TasmanA

Submarines|

| Collins class|

* Collins
* Farncomb
* Waller
* Dechaineux
* Sheean
* Rankin

|

Amphibious
warfare ships|

| Canberra class LHD|

* Canberra
* Adelaide

|

Bay class LSD|

* Choules

Patrol vessels|

| Armidale class|

* Armidale
* Larrakia
* Bathurst
* Albany
* Maitland
* Ararat
* Broome
* Wollongong
* Childers
* Launceston
* Maryborough
* Glenelg

|

Arafura class|

* ArafuraUC
* EyreUC
* PilbaraUC
* GippslandUC
* IllawarraA
* CarpentariaA

Mine countermeasures vessels|

| Huon class|

* Huon
* HawkesburyDecom
* NormanDecom
* Gascoyne
* Diamantina
* Yarra

|

Survey vessels|

| Leeuwin class|

* Leeuwin
* Melville

|

Paluma class|

* Shepparton
* Benalla

Replenishment vessels|

| Supply class|

* Supply
* Stalwart

|

Contracted vessels|

| Lighters|

* Wallaby class

|

UC — Under construction
A — Announced but not yet under construction
See also: List of current ships of the Royal Australian Navy and Procurement programme of the Royal Australian Navy

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Commissioned officer ranks of the Australian Defence Force

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**** | style="Template:WPMILHIST Infobox style"| O-11
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style="text-align:right;Template:WPMILHIST Infobox style"| Australian Army | OCDT | 2LT | LT | CAPT | MAJ | LTCOL | COL | BRIG | MAJGEN | LTGEN | GEN | FM
style="text-align:right;Template:WPMILHIST Infobox style"| Royal Australian Air Force | OFFCDT | PLTOFF | FLGOFF | FLTLT | SQNLDR | WGCDR | GPCAPT | AIRCDRE | AVM | AIRMSHL | ACM | MRAAF

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Other ranks of the Australian Defence Force

| style="text-align:right;Template:WPMILHIST Infobox style"| Australia-United States Rank Code  | style="Template:WPMILHIST Infobox style"| E-1  | style="Template:WPMILHIST Infobox style"| E-2  | style="Template:WPMILHIST Infobox style"| E-3  | style="Template:WPMILHIST Infobox style"| E-4  | style="Template:WPMILHIST Infobox style"| E-5  | style="Template:WPMILHIST Infobox style"| E-6  | style="Template:WPMILHIST Infobox style"| E-7  | style="Template:WPMILHIST Infobox style"| E-8  | colspan=2; style="Template:WPMILHIST Infobox style"| E-9  | style="Template:WPMILHIST Infobox style"| Special

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style="text-align:right;Template:WPMILHIST Infobox style"| Royal Australian Navy | RCT | SMN | AB | - | LS | PO | - | CPO | WO | WO-N
style="text-align:right;Template:WPMILHIST Infobox style"| Australian Army | REC | PTE | PTE(P) | LCPL | CPL | SGT | SSGT | WO2 | WO1 | RSM-A
style="text-align:right;Template:WPMILHIST Infobox style"| Royal Australian Air Force | RCT | AC/ACW | LAC/LACW | \-  | CPL | SGT | - | FSGT | WOFF | WOFF-AF
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