Second impeachment of Donald Trump

2021 US presidential impeachment

For the trial in the Senate, see Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump.

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Second impeachment of Donald Trump

File:Trump Second Impeachment Vote.png

The House of Representatives votes to adopt the article of impeachment

Accused| Donald Trump (President of the United States)
Proponents|

* Nancy Pelosi (Speaker of the House of Representatives)
* Steny Hoyer (House Majority Leader)
* Jim Clyburn (House Majority Whip)
* Liz Cheney (Chair of the House Republican Conference)

Date| January 13, 2021 (2021-01-13) ⁠–⁠ February 13, 2021 (2021-02-13)
(1 month)
Outcome| Acquitted by the U.S. Senate
Charges|

* Incitement of insurrection

Cause|

* Trump–Raffensperger phone call
* Accusations of inciting the January 6 United States Capitol attack

Congressional votes
Voting in the U.S. House of Representatives
Accusation| Incitement of insurrection
Votes in favor| 232
Votes against| 197
Present| 0
Not voting| 4
Result| Approved
Voting in the U.S. Senate
Accusation| Incitement of insurrection
Votes in favor| 57 "guilty"
Votes against| 43 "not guilty"
Result| Acquitted (67 "guilty" votes necessary for a conviction)
January 6 United
States Capitol protest

File:DC Capitol Storming IMG 7965.jpg

File:Tear Gas outside United States Capitol 20210106.jpg

Protestors on the steps and in front of Capitol (top) and a crowd of protestors amid a cloud of tear gas (bottom) outside the Capitol on January 6, 2021

Timeline of events
Background

2020 presidential election
and other causes

* 2020–21 presidential election protests
* 2021 Electoral College vote count (alternate electors)
* Attempts to overturn the 2020 election
* Democratic backsliding in the US
* QAnon
* Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of election fraud
* Social media use by Donald Trump
* Trumpism

Related groups and persons

* Ali Alexander
* Nick Fuentes
* Rudy Giuliani
* Jericho March
* Alex Jones
* Sedition Caucus
* Donald Trump
* Donald Trump Jr.

Participants

List

* Notable people
* Jake Angeli
* Ashli Babbitt
* Joe Biggs
* Derrick Evans
* Tim "Baked Alaska" Gionet
* Simone Gold
* Klete Keller
* Ethan Nordean
* Rick Saccone
* Jon Schaffer
* John Earle Sullivan
* Organizations
* Oath Keepers
* Proud Boys
* Three Percenters

Law enforcement response

* Capitol Police
* Eugene Goodman
* Howard Liebengood
* Steven Sund
* Department of Defense
* Michael C. Stenger
* Paul D. Irving
* Christopher C. Miller
* Ryan D. McCarthy
* Walter E. Piatt
* Charles A. Flynn
* Daniel Hokanson
* William J. Walker
* DC National Guard
* DC
* Muriel Bowser
* Robert Contee
* Michael Fanone
* Jeffrey L. Smith
* Virginia
* Ralph Northam
* Brian Moran

Aftermath

Biden inauguration

* 2021 inauguration week protests
* Security preparations

Investigations and charges

* Criminal proceedings
* list
* January 6 commission
* Congressional committee
* public hearings

Corporate actions

* List of companies that halted political contributions
* Social media suspensions of Donald Trump
* permanent suspension
* Suspensions of other social media accounts
* shutdown of Parler

Reactions

* Domestic
* Antifa culpability conspiracy theory
* International

Impeachment

* Second impeachment of Donald Trump
* trial

* v
* t
* e

Donald Trump, the 45th president of the United States, was impeached for the second time on January 13, 2021, one week before his term expired. It was the fourth impeachment of a U.S. president, and the second for Trump after his first impeachment in December 2019.[1][2] Ten Republican representatives voted for the second impeachment, the most pro-impeachment votes ever from a president's party.[3] This was also the first presidential impeachment in which the majority caucus voted unanimously for impeachment.

The House of Representatives of the 117th U.S. Congress adopted one article of impeachment against Trump of "incitement of insurrection", stating that he had incited the January 6 attack of the U.S. Capitol. These events were preceded by attempts by Trump to overturn the 2020 presidential election, as well as his pushing of voter fraud conspiracy theories on his social media channels before, during, and after the election.[4] A single article of impeachment charging Trump with "incitement of insurrection" against the U.S. government and "lawless action at the Capitol" was introduced to the House of Representatives on January 11, 2021.[5] The article was introduced with more than 200 co-sponsors.[6] The same day, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi gave Vice President Mike Pence an ultimatum to invoke Section 4 of the 25th Amendment to assume the role of acting president within 24 hours, or the House would proceed with impeachment proceedings.[7][8] Pence said that he would not do so in a letter to Pelosi the following day, arguing that to do so would not "be in the best interest of our Nation or consistent with our Constitution".[9] Nevertheless, a House majority, including Republican Adam Kinzinger, passed a resolution urging Pence to invoke the 25th Amendment.[10]

The House impeachment managers formally triggered the start of the impeachment trial on January 25 by delivering to the Senate the charge against Trump. The nine managers walked into the Senate chamber led by the lead impeachment manager, Representative Jamie Raskin, who read the article of impeachment.[11] The trial in the Senate was scheduled to start on February 9.[12] The trial was the first of its kind for a departed U.S. president, with Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton, and Trump having each been the incumbent in prior impeachment trials; as a result, Chief Justice John Roberts chose not to preside as he had done for Trump's first impeachment trial (the president pro tempore of the Senate, Vermont senator Patrick Leahy, presided instead[11][13]), and arguments favoring the conviction of Trump cited the Senate's 1876 conviction of Ulysses S. Grant's Secretary of War William W. Belknap, who was impeached, but was not convicted, after leaving office.[14] At the trial, 57 senators voted "guilty", which was less than the two-thirds majority needed (67) to convict Trump, and 43 senators voted "not guilty", resulting in Trump being acquitted of the charges on February 13, 2021.[15]

## Contents

* 1 Background
* 1.1 Attempts to overturn the 2020 election
* 1.2 January 6 U.S. Capitol attack
* 2 Considered scenarios
* 2.1 Resignation
* 2.2 14th Amendment
* 2.3 25th Amendment
* 2.4 Impeachment and conviction
* 3 Invoking the 25th Amendment
* 3.1 Raskin bill
* 4 Impeachment
* 4.1 Drafted articles of impeachment
* 4.2 Article of impeachment introduced
* 4.3 House vote
* 4.4 Senate trial
* 5 Opinions
* 5.1 Support
* 5.1.1 Federal elected officials
* 5.1.1.1 House Democrats
* 5.1.1.2 House Republicans
* 5.1.1.3 Senate Democrats
* 5.1.1.4 Senate Republicans
* 5.1.2 State elected officials
* 5.1.2.1 Current governors and lieutenant governors
* 5.1.2.2 Former governors
* 5.1.3 Administration positions
* 5.1.3.1 Federal employees
* 5.1.3.2 Former administration officials
* 5.1.4 Historians, scholars, and commentators
* 5.1.5 Other organizations
* 5.2 Opposition
* 5.2.1 Senators
* 5.2.2 Others
* 5.3 Public opinion polls
* 6 See also
* 7 Notes
* 8 References
* 9 External links

| File:Donald Trump official portrait (cropped).jpg |

This article is part of
a series about

Donald Trump

|

Business and personal

* Business career
* The Trump Organization
* Wealth
* Tax returns
* Media career
* The Apprentice
* Books
* Filmography
* Eponyms
* Family
* Foundation
* Ancestry
* American football
* Golf
* Honors
* Public image
* In popular culture
* SNL parodies
* Legal affairs
* Stormy Daniels scandal
* FBI documents investigation
* Nicknames
* Pseudonyms
* Racial views
* Conspiracy theories promoted
* Residences

* * *

45th President of the United States

* Presidency
* Timeline
* Transition
* Inauguration

* * *

47th President of the United States

* Second presidency
* 2025 overview
* 2026 overview
* 2027 overview
* 2028 overview
* Transition
* Inauguration
* Cabinet

* * *

Tenure (across presidencies)

* Executive actions
* Proclamations
* Pardons / clemency
* Presidential trips
* International trips
* Opinion polling
* Lawsuits
* Protests
* 2020 federal deployment
* Social media use
* Trumpism
* TikTok controversy
* Shutdowns
* January 2018
* 2018–2019
* Killings / operations
* al-Baghdadi
* Soleimani

* * *

Donald Trump's signature

File:Seal of the President of the United States.svg

* v
* t
* e

## Background[edit | edit source]

### Attempts to overturn the 2020 election[edit | edit source]

Main article: Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election

For weeks prior to the impeachment, President Trump made numerous unsuccessful attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election.

### January 6 U.S. Capitol attack[edit | edit source]

Main article: January 6 United States Capitol attack

Trump told his supporters to come to Washington D.C. on January 6, the day Congress was counting the electoral votes, to the "March to Save America" rally at The Ellipse.[16] During the rally, Trump as well as other speakers falsely claimed that the election was stolen, used the word "fight",[17] made an analogy to boxing,[17] and suggested that his supporters had the power to prevent President-elect Joe Biden from taking office.[18]

When the United States Congress convened to certify the electoral votes of the presidential election, supporters of Trump crossed the Mall and stormed the United States Capitol in an attempt to prevent the tabulation of votes and protest against Biden's win. Trump supporters illegally entered the Capitol and gathered on its eastern and western sides, including on the inaugural platform constructed for Biden's inauguration.[19] Five people, including a Capitol Police officer, died from the riots, while several improvised explosive devices were found on and near the Capitol grounds.[20][21] Another Capitol police officer on duty during the riots died by suicide days later.[22] During the riots, Trump was "initially pleased" by the attack on the Capitol and took no action.[23][24] In a speech hours into the event, Trump told the rioters "We love you. You're very special," restated his false claims of electoral fraud, and then asked them to go home.[25] Hours later, Congress reconvened and ultimately certified the electoral votes in the early morning hours of January 7. Trump then released a statement asserting that there would be an "orderly transition" of power on Inauguration Day, even while continuing to claim falsely that the election was stolen from him and also stating that he would not attend Biden's inauguration.[26]

## Considered scenarios[edit | edit source]

Four scenarios for the removal of Trump from office had been posited by members of Congress, members of Trump's cabinet, political commentators, or legal scholars: resignation, the invocation of the 14th Amendment, invocation of the 25th Amendment, or impeachment and conviction.

### Resignation[edit | edit source]

See also: Richard Nixon's resignation speech

The President of the United States can resign from office, in which case the Vice President will automatically become president, instead of merely assuming the powers and duties of the presidency as acting president. While Article II of the Constitution states that the "Powers and Duties" of the president devolve to the vice president in the event of the president's death, resignation, incapacity, or removal, John Tyler interpreted that provision as allowing the Vice President to ascend to the presidency in such cases, without any qualifications. This practice was codified in 1967, with the passage of the 25th Amendment.

If Trump had resigned, Vice President Mike Pence would have become the 46th president of the United States; Pence would have been the shortest-serving president ever, being in office for a matter of days before handing power to Joe Biden as the 47th president on January 20. This would have surpassed the record of William Henry Harrison, who died 31 days into his term. It would have been the second time in history that a president would be forced to resign; the first was the 1974 resignation of Richard Nixon when it appeared inevitable that he would be impeached and removed from office for his role in the Watergate scandal.

Due to intense pressure on his administration, the threat of removal, and numerous resignations, Trump committed to an orderly transition of power in a televised speech on January 7.[27] In the White House on January 8, Trump mentioned that he was not considering resignation.[28] On January 9, The New York Times reported that Trump told White House aides that he regretted his statement committing to an orderly transition of power and that there was no chance he would resign from office.[29]

### 14th Amendment[edit | edit source]

The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is one of the Reconstruction Amendments. It addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. Section 3 states that a person who participated in insurrection after having taken an oath to support the Constitution is disqualified from holding future office unless permitted by Congress.

If Trump had been removed from office under Section 3 of the 14th Amendment, Pence would have become the 46th president of the United States, and he would still have been the shortest-serving president ever before handing power to Biden as the 47th president on January 20. It would also be the first time that Section 3 of the 14th Amendment was invoked since 1919 when it stopped Victor L. Berger, convicted of violating the Espionage Act for his anti-militarist views, from taking his seat in the House of Representatives.[30] It would also be the first time that it would be invoked on a sitting president and was seen as especially unlikely.[31]

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez was one of the House Democrats that supported invoking the 14th Amendment against Trump. In a letter, Pelosi thanked her colleagues for their contributions to discussions on the 14th Amendment.[32] If successful, the former President would be ineligible for appointment to any federal office without a Senate supermajority vote in favor.

### 25th Amendment[edit | edit source]

The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution deals with presidential succession and disability. Though the amendment thus far has been used in medical situations, Section 4 provides that the vice president, together with a majority of Cabinet secretaries, may declare the president unable to carry out his duties, after which the vice president immediately assumes the duties of the president.

If Section 4 of the 25th Amendment action had been carried out, it would have made Pence the acting president, assuming the "powers and duties of the office" of the president. Trump would have remained president for the rest of his term, albeit stripped of all authority. Section 4 of the 25th Amendment has not been invoked before.[33][34] The 25th Amendment, however, was initially created for the case where the President was incapacitated.

Pence, who would have been required to initiate removal, stated that he would not invoke the 25th Amendment against Trump.[35]

### Impeachment and conviction[edit | edit source]

Main article: Impeachment in the United States

Impeachment begins in the House of Representatives, where articles of impeachment are drawn up. These articles are then voted on by House members. Each article is voted on separately and requires a simple majority to pass. Once an article has been passed in the House, the president has been impeached. The articles are then sent to the Senate for adjudication with an impeachment trial. After views have been laid out in the trial, the Senate moves to vote on conviction. Each article requires a two-thirds majority of Senators present to pass. If an article passes in the Senate, the president has been convicted and is removed from office. Once the president is convicted, a further vote may then be held which determines whether the (now-former) president is barred from holding future office; this vote passes with a simple majority in the Senate.[36][37]

Because the Senate was not scheduled to reconvene until January 19, 2021,[38] members of Congress discussed holding the trial after Trump had left office. A former president had never been tried by the Senate; however, Secretary of War William W. Belknap was impeached by the House and tried by the Senate after he had resigned.[14]

## Invoking the 25th Amendment[edit | edit source]

File:House Resolution 21 - Calling on Vice President Michael R. Pence to convene and mobilize the principal officers of the executive departments of the Cabinet to activate section 4 of the 25th Amendment.pdf

House Resolution 21—Calling on Vice President Michael R. Pence to convene and mobilize the principal officers of the executive departments of the Cabinet to activate section 4 of the 25th Amendment to declare President Donald J. Trump incapable of executing the duties of his office and to immediately exercise powers as acting president.

File:01.12.21 Vice President Pence's letter to House Speaker Pelosi.pdf

Pence's letter to Pelosi rejecting to invoke the 25th Amendment to strip Trump of his powers

On the evening of January 6, CBS News reported that Cabinet members were discussing invoking the 25th Amendment.[39] The ten Democrats on the House Judiciary Committee, led by U.S. Representative David Cicilline, sent a letter to Pence to "emphatically urge" him to invoke the 25th Amendment and declare Trump "unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office", claiming that he incited and condoned the riots.[40][41] For invocation, Pence and at least eight Cabinet members, forming a simple majority, would have to consent. Additionally, if challenged by Trump, the second invocation would maintain Pence as acting president, subject to a vote of approval in both houses of Congress, with a two-thirds supermajority necessary in each chamber to sustain. However, Congress would not have needed to act before January 20 for Pence to remain acting president until Biden was inaugurated, per the timeline described in Section 4.

Senator Elizabeth Warren (D–MA) accused Education Secretary Betsy DeVos in a tweet of quitting rather than supporting efforts to invoke the 25th Amendment to remove Trump.[42] A Trump administration official disputed Warren's claim.[42] House majority whip Jim Clyburn on Friday accused DeVos and Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao of "running away from their responsibility" by resigning from President Trump's Cabinet before invoking the 25th Amendment to remove him from office.[43] News agencies reported that DeVos was in discussions to invoke the 25th Amendment prior to her resignation.[42] By late January 9, it was reported that Pence had not ruled out invoking the 25th Amendment and was actively considering it.[44][needs update]

The House Rules Committee met on January 12, 2021, to vote on a non-binding resolution calling on Pence to invoke the 25th Amendment.[6] Pence later reiterated his position of not invoking the 25th Amendment, according to a letter sent to Pelosi late on January 12. In it, he stated that the 25th Amendment was intended for presidential incapacity or disability, and invoking Section 4 to punish and usurp President Trump in the middle of a presidential transition would undermine and set a terrible precedent for the stability of the executive branch and the United States federal government.[45]

On the same day, the House of Representatives voted to call for Pence to invoke the 25th Amendment. The resolution passed with 223 in favor, 205 against, and 5 (all Republicans)[a] not voting; Adam Kinzinger was the only Republican to join a unified Democratic Caucus.[46]

### Raskin bill[edit | edit source]

The 25th Amendment allows Congress to establish a committee to determine when a president is unfit to serve (section 4 of the Amendment provides that the "declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office" is made by "the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments [i.e., the Cabinet] or of such other body as Congress may by law provide").[47] However, such a committee has never been established. In May 2017, Representative Jamie Raskin (D–MD-8) introduced legislation to create a standing, independent, nonpartisan body, called the Oversight Commission on Presidential Capacity, to make such a determination. The bill had 20 cosponsors.[48] Raskin had previously introduced a legislative proposal under the same title with the same purpose back in 2017.

In October 2020, Raskin and Pelosi introduced a similar bill to create a Commission on Presidential Capacity to Discharge the Powers and Duties of Office, to have 17 members - four physicians, four psychiatrists, four retired Democratic statespersons, and four retired Republican statespersons appointed by congressional leaders (the Speaker of the House, House Minority Leader, Senate Majority Leader, and Senate Minority Leader). The bill defines "retired statespersons" as former presidents, vice presidents, attorneys general, secretaries of state, defense secretaries, Treasury secretaries, and surgeons general. The committee chair would be appointed by the other members. The bill provides that no members of the commission could be a current elected official, federal employee, or active or reserve military personnel, a measure intended to avoid conflicts of interest and chain-of-command problems. A majority of the commission (nine members), plus the vice president, would need to support invoking the 25th Amendment. The bill had 38 cosponsors.[49] While the bill has received renewed interest since the Capitol incident, as with any other bill it would require passage by both houses of Congress and consideration by the president for the commission to be formed and consider invocation of Section 4.

## Impeachment[edit | edit source]

See also: Impeachment in the United States

### Drafted articles of impeachment[edit | edit source]

Within hours of the Capitol attack, members of Congress began to call for the impeachment of Donald Trump as president. Several representatives began the process of independently drafting various articles of impeachment. Of these attempts, the first to become public were those of Representative Ilhan Omar (D–MN-5) who drafted and introduced articles of impeachment against Trump.[50][51][52][53]

Representative David Cicilline (D–RI-1) separately drafted an article of impeachment. The text was obtained by CNN on January 8.[54] On Twitter, Cicilline acknowledged the coauthorship of Ted Lieu and Jamie Raskin,[55] and said that "more than 110" members had signed on to this article.[56] "Article I: Incitement of Insurrection" accuses Trump of having "willfully made statements that encouraged—and foreseeably resulted in—imminent lawless action at the Capitol".[57] As a result of incitement by Trump, "a mob unlawfully breached the Capitol" and "engaged in violent, deadly, destructive, and seditious acts".[58] On January 10, it was announced that the bill had gathered 210 cosponsors in the House.[59]

### Article of impeachment introduced[edit | edit source]

File:Wikisource-logo.svg

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Article of Impeachment against Donald J. Trump (2021)

On January 11, 2021, U.S. Representatives David Cicilline, along with Jamie Raskin and Ted Lieu, introduced an article of impeachment against Trump, charging Trump with "incitement of insurrection" in urging his supporters to march on the Capitol building. The article contended that Trump made several statements that "encouraged—and foreseeably resulted in—lawless action" that interfered with Congress' constitutional duty to certify the election. It argued that by his actions, Trump "threatened the integrity of the democratic system, interfered with the peaceful transition of power, and imperiled a coequal branch of Government", doing so in a way that rendered him "a threat to national security, democracy, and the Constitution" if he were allowed to complete his term.[6][60] By the time it was introduced, 218 of the 222 House Democrats had signed on as cosponsors, assuring its passage.[61] Trump was impeached in a vote on January 13, 2021; ten Republicans, including House Republican Conference chairwoman Liz Cheney, joined all of the Democrats in supporting the article.

On January 12, with the article's passage assured, Pelosi named Raskin, Lieu, Cicilline, Diana DeGette, Joaquin Castro, Eric Swalwell, Joe Neguse, Madeleine Dean, and Stacey Plaskett as managers to present the prosecution case in the Senate conviction trial, with Raskin as lead manager.[62] The managers were chosen for their expertise in constitutional law, civil rights, and criminal justice. Raskin is a former constitutional law professor at American University. Lieu is a former military prosecutor in the United States Air Force. Cicilline is a former public defender. Swalwell was a former prosecutor in California. DeGette is a former civil rights attorney. Castro, Neguse, Dean and Plaskett are all lawyers in private practice.[63]

The House impeachment managers formally triggered the start of the impeachment trial on January 25 by walking across the Capitol and delivered to the Senate the charge against Trump. The nine managers were led into the Senate chamber by the lead impeachment manager, who read the article of impeachment.[11] The trial in the Senate began as scheduled on February 9.[12]

### House vote[edit | edit source]

File:Pelosi Signing Second Trump Impeachment.png

Speaker Nancy Pelosi signs the article of impeachment following passage by the House.

Voting results on House Resolution 24[64]
(impeaching Donald John Trump, former President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors)  Party  | Article I (incitement of insurrection)

|

Yes  | No  | Present  | Not voting
| Democratic (222)  | 222 | –  | –  | –
| Republican (211)  |

* Liz Cheney (WY‑AL)
* Anthony Gonzalez (OH‑16)
* Jaime Herrera Beutler (WA‑3)
* John Katko (NY‑24)
* Adam Kinzinger (IL‑16)
* Peter Meijer (MI‑3)
* Dan Newhouse (WA‑4)
* Tom Rice (SC‑7)
* Fred Upton (MI‑6)
* David Valadao (CA‑21)

| 197 | –  |

* Kay Granger (TX‑12)
* Andy Harris (MD‑1)
* Greg Murphy (NC‑3)
* Daniel Webster (FL‑11)

Total (433)[b] | 232  | 197  | –  | 4
Result  | Adopted[c]

File:2nd Trump impeachment house vote.svg

Democratic aye
Republican aye
Republican nay
Republican not voting
Vacant seat

Full list of votes on House Resolution 24[64] District  | Member  | Party  | Article I

|
|
|

Alabama 1 | Jerry Carl |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Alabama 2 | Barry Moore |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Alabama 3 | Mike Rogers |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Alabama 4 | Robert Aderholt |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Alabama 5 | Mo Brooks |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Alabama 6 | Gary Palmer |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Alabama 7 | Terri Sewell |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Alaska at-large | Don Young |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Arizona 1 | Tom O'Halleran |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Arizona 2 | Ann Kirkpatrick |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Arizona 3 | Raúl Grijalva |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Arizona 4 | Paul Gosar |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Arizona 5 | Andy Biggs |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Arizona 6 | David Schweikert |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Arizona 7 | Ruben Gallego |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Arizona 8 | Debbie Lesko |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Arizona 9 | Greg Stanton |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Arkansas 1 | Rick Crawford |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Arkansas 2 | French Hill |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Arkansas 3 | Steve Womack |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Arkansas 4 | Bruce Westerman |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
California 1 | Doug LaMalfa |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
California 2 | Jared Huffman |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 3 | John Garamendi |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 4 | Tom McClintock |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
California 5 | Mike Thompson |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 6 | Doris Matsui |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 7 | Ami Bera |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 8 | Jay Obernolte |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
California 9 | Jerry McNerney |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 10 | Josh Harder |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 11 | Mark DeSaulnier |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 12 | Nancy Pelosi |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 13 | Barbara Lee |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 14 | Jackie Speier |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 15 | Eric Swalwell |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 16 | Jim Costa |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 17 | Ro Khanna |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 18 | Anna Eshoo |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 19 | Zoe Lofgren |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 20 | Jimmy Panetta |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 21 | David Valadao |  | Republican  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 22 | Devin Nunes |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
California 23 | Kevin McCarthy |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
California 24 | Salud Carbajal |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 25 | Mike Garcia |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
California 26 | Julia Brownley |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 27 | Judy Chu |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 28 | Adam Schiff |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 29 | Tony Cárdenas |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 30 | Brad Sherman |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 31 | Pete Aguilar |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 32 | Grace Napolitano |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 33 | Ted Lieu |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 34 | Jimmy Gomez |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 35 | Norma Torres |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 36 | Raul Ruiz |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 37 | Karen Bass |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 38 | Linda Sánchez |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 39 | Young Kim |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
California 40 | Lucille Roybal-Allard |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 41 | Mark Takano |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 42 | Ken Calvert |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
California 43 | Maxine Waters |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 44 | Nanette Barragán |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 45 | Katie Porter |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 46 | Lou Correa |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 47 | Alan Lowenthal |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 48 | Michelle Steel |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
California 49 | Mike Levin |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 50 | Darrell Issa |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
California 51 | Juan Vargas |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 52 | Scott Peters |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
California 53 | Sara Jacobs |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Colorado 1 | Diana DeGette |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Colorado 2 | Joe Neguse |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Colorado 3 | Lauren Boebert |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Colorado 4 | Ken Buck |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Colorado 5 | Doug Lamborn |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Colorado 6 | Jason Crow |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Colorado 7 | Ed Perlmutter |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Connecticut 1 | John B. Larson |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Connecticut 2 | Joe Courtney |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Connecticut 3 | Rosa DeLauro |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Connecticut 4 | Jim Himes |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Connecticut 5 | Jahana Hayes |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Delaware at-large | Lisa Blunt Rochester |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Florida 1 | Matt Gaetz |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Florida 2 | Neal Dunn |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Florida 3 | Kat Cammack |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Florida 4 | John Rutherford |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Florida 5 | Al Lawson |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Florida 6 | Michael Waltz |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Florida 7 | Stephanie Murphy |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Florida 8 | Bill Posey |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Florida 9 | Darren Soto |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Florida 10 | Val Demings |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Florida 11 | Daniel Webster |  | Republican  | NV
Florida 12 | Gus Bilirakis |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Florida 13 | Charlie Crist |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Florida 14 | Kathy Castor |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Florida 15 | Scott Franklin |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Florida 16 | Vern Buchanan |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Florida 17 | Greg Steube |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Florida 18 | Brian Mast |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Florida 19 | Byron Donalds |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Florida 20 | Alcee Hastings |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Florida 21 | Lois Frankel |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Florida 22 | Ted Deutch |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Florida 23 | Debbie Wasserman Schultz |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Florida 24 | Frederica Wilson |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Florida 25 | Mario Díaz-Balart |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Florida 26 | Carlos A. Giménez |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Florida 27 | Maria Elvira Salazar |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Georgia 1 | Buddy Carter |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Georgia 2 | Sanford Bishop |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Georgia 3 | Drew Ferguson |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Georgia 4 | Hank Johnson |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Georgia 5 | Nikema Williams |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Georgia 6 | Lucy McBath |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Georgia 7 | Carolyn Bourdeaux |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Georgia 8 | Austin Scott |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Georgia 9 | Andrew Clyde |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Georgia 10 | Jody Hice |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Georgia 11 | Barry Loudermilk |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Georgia 12 | Rick W. Allen |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Georgia 13 | David Scott |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Georgia 14 | Marjorie Taylor Greene |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Hawaii 1 | Ed Case |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Hawaii 2 | Kai Kahele |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Idaho 1 | Russ Fulcher |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Idaho 2 | Mike Simpson |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Illinois 1 | Bobby Rush |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Illinois 2 | Robin Kelly |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Illinois 3 | Marie Newman |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Illinois 4 | Jesús "Chuy" García |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Illinois 5 | Mike Quigley |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Illinois 6 | Sean Casten |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Illinois 7 | Danny K. Davis |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Illinois 8 | Raja Krishnamoorthi |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Illinois 9 | Jan Schakowsky |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Illinois 10 | Brad Schneider |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Illinois 11 | Bill Foster |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Illinois 12 | Mike Bost |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Illinois 13 | Rodney Davis |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Illinois 14 | Lauren Underwood |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Illinois 15 | Mary Miller |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Illinois 16 | Adam Kinzinger |  | Republican  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Illinois 17 | Cheri Bustos |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Illinois 18 | Darin LaHood |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Indiana 1 | Frank J. Mrvan |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Indiana 2 | Jackie Walorski |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Indiana 3 | Jim Banks |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Indiana 4 | Jim Baird |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Indiana 5 | Victoria Spartz |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Indiana 6 | Greg Pence |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Indiana 7 | André Carson |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Indiana 8 | Larry Bucshon |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Indiana 9 | Trey Hollingsworth |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Iowa 1 | Ashley Hinson |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Iowa 2 | Mariannette Miller-Meeks |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Iowa 3 | Cindy Axne |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Iowa 4 | Randy Feenstra |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Kansas 1 | Tracey Mann |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Kansas 2 | Jake LaTurner |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Kansas 3 | Sharice Davids |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Kansas 4 | Ron Estes |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Kentucky 1 | James Comer |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Kentucky 2 | Brett Guthrie |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Kentucky 3 | John Yarmuth |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Kentucky 4 | Thomas Massie |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Kentucky 5 | Hal Rogers |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Kentucky 6 | Andy Barr |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Louisiana 1 | Steve Scalise |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Louisiana 2 | Cedric Richmond |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Louisiana 3 | Clay Higgins |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Louisiana 4 | Mike Johnson |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Louisiana 5 | Vacant
Louisiana 6 | Garret Graves |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Maine 1 | Chellie Pingree |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Maine 2 | Jared Golden |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Maryland 1 | Andy Harris |  | Republican  | NV
Maryland 2 | Dutch Ruppersberger |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Maryland 3 | John Sarbanes |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Maryland 4 | Anthony G. Brown |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Maryland 5 | Steny Hoyer |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Maryland 6 | David Trone |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Maryland 7 | Kweisi Mfume |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Maryland 8 | Jaime Raskin |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Massachusetts 1 | Richard Neal |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Massachusetts 2 | Jim McGovern |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Massachusetts 3 | Lori Trahan |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Massachusetts 4 | Jake Auchincloss |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Massachusetts 5 | Katherine Clark |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Massachusetts 6 | Seth Moulton |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Massachusetts 7 | Ayanna Pressley |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Massachusetts 8 | Stephen F. Lynch |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Massachusetts 9 | Bill Keating |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Michigan 1 | Jack Bergman |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Michigan 2 | Bill Huizenga |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Michigan 3 | Peter Meijer |  | Republican  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Michigan 4 | John Moolenaar |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Michigan 5 | Dan Kildee |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Michigan 6 | Fred Upton |  | Republican  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Michigan 7 | Tim Walberg |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Michigan 8 | Elissa Slotkin |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Michigan 9 | Andy Levin |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Michigan 10 | Lisa McClain |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Michigan 11 | Haley Stevens |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Michigan 12 | Debbie Dingell |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Michigan 13 | Rashida Tlaib |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Michigan 14 | Brenda Lawrence |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Minnesota 1 | Jim Hagedorn |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Minnesota 2 | Angie Craig |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Minnesota 3 | Dean Phillips |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Minnesota 4 | Betty McCollum |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Minnesota 5 | Ilhan Omar |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Minnesota 6 | Tom Emmer |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Minnesota 7 | Michelle Fischbach |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Minnesota 8 | Pete Stauber |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Mississippi 1 | Trent Kelly |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Mississippi 2 | Bennie Thompson |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Mississippi 3 | Michael Guest |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Mississippi 4 | Steven Palazzo |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Missouri 1 | Cori Bush |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Missouri 2 | Ann Wagner |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Missouri 3 | Blaine Luetkemeyer |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Missouri 4 | Vicky Hartzler |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Missouri 5 | Emanuel Cleaver |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Missouri 6 | Sam Graves |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Missouri 7 | Billy Long |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Missouri 8 | Jason Smith |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Montana at-large | Matt Rosendale |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Nebraska 1 | Jeff Fortenberry |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Nebraska 2 | Don Bacon |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Nebraska 3 | Adrian Smith |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Nevada 1 | Dina Titus |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Nevada 2 | Mark Amodei |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Nevada 3 | Susie Lee |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Nevada 4 | Steven Horsford |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New Hampshire 1 | Chris Pappas |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New Hampshire 2 | Ann McLane Kuster |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New Jersey 1 | Donald Norcross |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New Jersey 2 | Jeff Van Drew |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
New Jersey 3 | Andy Kim |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New Jersey 4 | Chris Smith |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
New Jersey 5 | Josh Gottheimer |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New Jersey 6 | Frank Pallone |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New Jersey 7 | Tom Malinowski |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New Jersey 8 | Albio Sires |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New Jersey 9 | Bill Pascrell |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New Jersey 10 | Donald Payne Jr. |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New Jersey 11 | Mikie Sherrill |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New Jersey 12 | Bonnie Watson Coleman |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New Mexico 1 | Deb Haaland |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New Mexico 2 | Yvette Herrell |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
New Mexico 3 | Teresa Leger Fernandez |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New York 1 | Lee Zeldin |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
New York 2 | Andrew Garbarino |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
New York 3 | Thomas Suozzi |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New York 4 | Kathleen Rice |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New York 5 | Gregory Meeks |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New York 6 | Grace Meng |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New York 7 | Nydia Velázquez |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New York 8 | Hakeem Jeffries |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New York 9 | Yvette Clarke |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New York 10 | Jerry Nadler |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New York 11 | Nicole Malliotakis |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
New York 12 | Carolyn Maloney |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New York 13 | Adriano Espaillat |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New York 14 | Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New York 15 | Ritchie Torres |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New York 16 | Jamaal Bowman |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New York 17 | Mondaire Jones |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New York 18 | Sean Patrick Maloney |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New York 19 | Antonio Delgado |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New York 20 | Paul Tonko |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New York 21 | Elise Stefanik |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
New York 22 | Vacant
New York 23 | Tom Reed |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
New York 24 | John Katko |  | Republican  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New York 25 | Joseph Morelle |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New York 26 | Brian Higgins |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
New York 27 | Chris Jacobs |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
North Carolina 1 | G. K. Butterfield |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
North Carolina 2 | Deborah K. Ross |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
North Carolina 3 | Greg Murphy |  | Republican  | NV
North Carolina 4 | David Price |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
North Carolina 5 | Virginia Foxx |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
North Carolina 6 | Kathy Manning |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
North Carolina 7 | David Rouzer |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
North Carolina 8 | Richard Hudson |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
North Carolina 9 | Dan Bishop |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
North Carolina 10 | Patrick McHenry |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
North Carolina 11 | Madison Cawthorn |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
North Carolina 12 | Alma Adams |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
North Carolina 13 | Ted Budd |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
North Dakota at-large | Kelly Armstrong |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Ohio 1 | Steve Chabot |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Ohio 2 | Brad Wenstrup |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Ohio 3 | Joyce Beatty |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Ohio 4 | Jim Jordan |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Ohio 5 | Bob Latta |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Ohio 6 | Bill Johnson |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Ohio 7 | Bob Gibbs |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Ohio 8 | Warren Davidson |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Ohio 9 | Marcy Kaptur |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Ohio 10 | Mike Turner |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Ohio 11 | Marcia Fudge |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Ohio 12 | Troy Balderson |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Ohio 13 | Tim Ryan |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Ohio 14 | David Joyce |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Ohio 15 | Steve Stivers |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Ohio 16 | Anthony Gonzalez |  | Republican  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Oklahoma 1 | Kevin Hern |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Oklahoma 2 | Markwayne Mullin |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Oklahoma 3 | Frank Lucas |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Oklahoma 4 | Tom Cole |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Oklahoma 5 | Stephanie Bice |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Oregon 1 | Suzanne Bonamici |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Oregon 2 | Cliff Bentz |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Oregon 3 | Earl Blumenauer |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Oregon 4 | Peter DeFazio |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Oregon 5 | Kurt Schrader |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Pennsylvania 1 | Brian Fitzpatrick |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Pennsylvania 2 | Brendan Boyle |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Pennsylvania 3 | Dwight Evans |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Pennsylvania 4 | Madeleine Dean |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Pennsylvania 5 | Mary Gay Scanlon |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Pennsylvania 6 | Chrissy Houlahan |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Pennsylvania 7 | Susan Wild |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Pennsylvania 8 | Matt Cartwright |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Pennsylvania 9 | Dan Meuser |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Pennsylvania 10 | Scott Perry |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Pennsylvania 11 | Lloyd Smucker |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Pennsylvania 12 | Fred Keller |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Pennsylvania 13 | John Joyce |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Pennsylvania 14 | Guy Reschenthaler |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Pennsylvania 15 | Glenn Thomposon |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Pennsylvania 16 | Mike Kelly |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Pennsylvania 17 | Conor Lamb |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Pennsylvania 18 | Mike Doyle |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Rhode Island 1 | David Cicilline |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Rhode Island 2 | James Langevin |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
South Carolina 1 | Nancy Mace |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
South Carolina 2 | Joe Wilson |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
South Carolina 3 | Jeff Duncan |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
South Carolina 4 | William Timmons |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
South Carolina 5 | Ralph Norman |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
South Carolina 6 | Jim Clyburn |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
South Carolina 7 | Tom Rice |  | Republican  | File:Green check.svg Yea
South Dakota at-large | Dusty Johnson |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Tennessee 1 | Diana Harshbarger |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Tennessee 2 | Tim Burchett |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Tennessee 3 | Chuck Fleischmann |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Tennessee 4 | Scott DesJarlais |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Tennessee 5 | Jim Cooper |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Tennessee 6 | John Rose |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Tennessee 7 | Mark E. Green |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Tennessee 8 | David Kustoff |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Tennessee 9 | Steve Cohen |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Texas 1 | Louie Gohmert |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Texas 2 | Dan Crenshaw |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Texas 3 | Van Taylor |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Texas 4 | Pat Fallon |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Texas 5 | Lance Gooden |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Texas 6 | Ron Wright |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Texas 7 | Lizzie Pannill Fletcher |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Texas 8 | Kevin Brady |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Texas 9 | Al Green |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Texas 10 | Michael McCaul |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Texas 11 | August Pfluger |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Texas 12 | Kay Granger |  | Republican  | NV
Texas 13 | Ronny Jackson |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Texas 14 | Randy Weber |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Texas 15 | Vicente Gonzalez |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Texas 16 | Veronica Escobar |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Texas 17 | Pete Sessions |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Texas 18 | Sheila Jackson Lee |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Texas 19 | Jodey Arrington |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Texas 20 | Joaquin Castro |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Texas 21 | Chip Roy |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Texas 22 | Troy Nehls |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Texas 23 | Tony Gonzales |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Texas 24 | Beth Van Duyne |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Texas 25 | Roger Williams |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Texas 26 | Michael C. Burgess |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Texas 27 | Michael Cloud |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Texas 28 | Henry Cuellar |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Texas 29 | Sylvia Garcia |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Texas 30 | Eddie Bernice Johnson |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Texas 31 | John Carter |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Texas 32 | Colin Allred |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Texas 33 | Marc Veasey |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Texas 34 | Filemon Vela Jr. |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Texas 35 | Lloyd Doggett |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Texas 36 | Brian Babin |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Utah 1 | Blake Moore |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Utah 2 | Chris Stewart |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Utah 3 | John Curtis |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Utah 4 | Burgess Owens |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Vermont at-large | Peter Welch |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Virginia 1 | Rob Wittman |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Virginia 2 | Elaine Luria |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Virginia 3 | Bobby Scott |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Virginia 4 | Donald McEachin |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Virginia 5 | Bob Good |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Virginia 6 | Ben Cline |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Virginia 7 | Abigail Spanberger |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Virginia 8 | Don Beyer |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Virginia 9 | Morgan Griffith |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Virginia 10 | Jennifer Wexton |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Virginia 11 | Gerry Connolly |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Washington 1 | Suzan DelBene |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Washington 2 | Rick Larsen |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Washington 3 | Jaime Herrera Beutler |  | Republican  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Washington 4 | Dan Newhouse |  | Republican  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Washington 5 | Cathy McMorris Rodgers |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Washington 6 | Derek Kilmer |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Washington 7 | Pramila Jayapal |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Washington 8 | Kim Schrier |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Washington 9 | Adam Smith |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Washington 10 | Marilyn Strickland |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
West Virginia 1 | David McKinley |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
West Virginia 2 | Alex Mooney |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
West Virginia 3 | Carol Miller |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Wisconsin 1 | Bryan Steil |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Wisconsin 2 | Mark Pocan |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Wisconsin 3 | Ron Kind |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Wisconsin 4 | Gwen Moore |  | Democratic  | File:Green check.svg Yea
Wisconsin 5 | Scott Fitzgerald |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Wisconsin 6 | Glenn Grothman |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Wisconsin 7 | Tom Tiffany |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Wisconsin 8 | Mike Gallagher |  | Republican  | File:Dark Red x.svg Nay
Wyoming at-large | Liz Cheney |  | Republican  | File:Green check.svg Yea

### Senate trial[edit | edit source]

This section is an excerpt from Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump.[edit]

President pro tempore Patrick Leahy presides over the second impeachment trial of Donald Trump.

The second impeachment trial of Donald Trump, the 45th president of the United States, began on February 9, 2021, and concluded with his acquittal on February 13. Trump had been impeached for the second time by the House of Representatives on January 13, 2021. The House adopted one article of impeachment against Trump: incitement of insurrection. He is the only U.S. president and only federal official to be impeached twice and acquitted a second time. He was impeached by the House seven days prior to the expiration of his term and the inauguration of Joe Biden. Because he left office before the trial, this was the first impeachment trial of a former president.[65] The article of impeachment addressed Trump's attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election results (including his claims of election fraud and his efforts to pressure election officials in Georgia) and stated that Trump incited the attack on the Capitol in Washington, D.C., while Congress was convened to count the electoral votes and certify the victory of Joe Biden and Kamala Harris.[66]

At the beginning of the trial, Senator Rand Paul forced a vote to dismiss the impeachment charge on the basis that it was unconstitutional to try a former president, arguing that impeachment only applies to current federal officers and that the punishment of removal from office was moot under the circumstances. Supporters of proceeding with the trial argued that the Constitution also permits disqualification from holding future office, which the House had requested in its article of impeachment. The motion was defeated in a 55–45 vote, with all Democrats, both independents, and five Republicans (Susan Collins of Maine, Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, Mitt Romney of Utah, Ben Sasse of Nebraska, and Pat Toomey of Pennsylvania) voting against the motion.[67][68] This was the first time that a former president had been tried, and only the second time the Senate tried someone who had already left office, after Secretary of War William W. Belknap in 1876. Jamie Raskin was the lead impeachment manager and the primary author - along with Representative David Cicilline and Representative Ted Lieu - of the impeachment article, which charged Trump with inciting an insurrection by sparking the Capitol attack. Joaquin Castro, Eric Swalwell, Madeleine Dean, and Stacey Plaskett also assisted in delivering the oral arguments for conviction.

Trump's defense was led by Michael van der Veen, a personal injury lawyer from Philadelphia, along with David Schoen and Bruce Castor. Van der Veen's style and substance during the trial drew ridicule and criticism from many, with gasps and laughter in the Senate when he stated that he would seek to depose at least 100 people at his Philadelphia office, including Speaker of the House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi and Vice President Kamala Harris.[69][70] Trump had originally hired Butch Bowers and Deborah Barbier to represent him, but they quit along with three other lawyers after "the former president wanted the lawyers representing him to focus on his allegations of mass election fraud" and his false claim that "the election was stolen from him."[71]

At the conclusion of the trial, the Senate voted 57–43 to convict Trump of inciting insurrection, falling 10 votes short of the two-thirds majority required by the Constitution, and Trump was therefore acquitted. Seven Republican senators joined all Democratic and independent senators in voting to convict Trump, the largest bipartisan vote for an impeachment conviction of a U.S. president or former U.S. president.[72][73] After the vote on the acquittal, Mitch McConnell said it is no doubt that Trump is practically and morally responsible for inciting the events at the Capitol but he voted against conviction due to his interpretation of the United States Constitution.[74]

Verdict in Senate  Party  | Article I (incitement of insurrection)

|

Guilty  | Not guilty
| Democratic (48)  | 48 | –
| Republican (50)  |

* Richard Burr (North Carolina)
* Bill Cassidy (Louisiana)
* Susan Collins (Maine)
* Lisa Murkowski (Alaska)
* Mitt Romney (Utah)
* Ben Sasse (Nebraska)
* Pat Toomey (Pennsylvania)

| 43
| Independent (2)  |

* Angus King (Maine)
* Bernie Sanders (Vermont)

| –
Total (100)  | 57  | 43
Result  | Not guilty[d]

## Opinions[edit | edit source]

### Support[edit | edit source]

People from media and political organizations have expressed support for Trump to be either impeached or removed through the methods outlined in the 25th Amendment. Any impeachment by the House of Representatives would, for removal, require a trial and conviction in the Senate, with the concurrence of two-thirds of Senators present and voting, during which time Trump would remain in office. As of January 8, the extent of support among Senators for an impeachment process is unclear, particularly given the length of time necessary to organize a trial and the short duration remaining of Trump's presidency.[75] Poll aggregate website FiveThirtyEight said that roughly 85% of Democrats, 49% of Independents, and 16% of Republicans supported impeachment. The site also found roughly an 8% drop in Trump's approval ratings following the attack.[76][77]

#### Federal elected officials[edit | edit source]

At least 200[78][79] members of Congress have called for Trump to be impeached or stripped of his powers and duties under the 25th Amendment.[80] Other House members, as well as several state officials, have called for Trump's immediate removal by Congress under the 25th Amendment.[81][82][83][84] On January 6, four "senior Republican elected officials" told CNN that they believe Trump should be removed via the 25th Amendment, while two other Republican elected officials said Trump should be removed by impeachment.[84] On January 11, 24 former Republican members of Congress came out in support of impeachment.[85]

##### House Democrats[edit | edit source]

The day of the attack, many House Democrats, including Seth Moulton, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, and Katherine Clark, called for Trump's immediate impeachment and removal by Congress, or via the 25th Amendment.[81][82][80][86] Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi, a Democrat, urged the removal of Trump via the 25th Amendment, and announced she was prepared to vote on articles of impeachment if this does not happen.[87] Pelosi said Trump is "a very dangerous person who should not continue in office".[88] In vowing to impeach Trump again if his cabinet does not remove him themselves, Pelosi said Trump "incited an armed insurrection against America" and that "the gleeful desecration of the U.S. Capitol, which is the temple of our American democracy, and the violence targeting Congress are horrors that will forever stain our nation's history - instigated by the president."[8]

On January 6, Representatives Ted Lieu and Charlie Crist called on Vice President Mike Pence to remove Trump via the 25th Amendment.[83][89]

##### House Republicans[edit | edit source]

The first House Republican to call outright for Trump's removal from office was Adam Kinzinger; he tweeted in favor of the 25th Amendment the day after the riot.[90][91]

On January 8, CNN reported that two unnamed Republican members of the House said they would consider voting for impeachment. One said: "We experienced the attack; we don't need long hearings on what happened."[92] Subsequently, Kinzinger, as well as John Katko, Liz Cheney, Jaime Herrera Beutler, Fred Upton, and Dan Newhouse[93] indicated they would vote in favor of impeachment; other House Republicans openly considering voting for impeachment included Peter Meijer (as of a January 11 statement).[94][95][96] Anthony Gonzalez posted a statement expressing support for impeachment to Twitter during the vote.[97] Ultimately, ten Republicans voted to impeach, including Katko, Kinzinger, Upton, Beutler, Newhouse, Meijer, Cheney and Gonzalez, as well as David Valadao of California and Tom Rice of South Carolina.[98] Four Republicans did not vote. Liz Cheney released a strong statement in support of the impeachment, which was also prominently quoted in the closing argument by House majority leader Steny Hoyer, stating that "the president of the United States summoned this mob, assembled the mob, and lit the flame of this attack. Everything that followed was his doing. (...) There has never been a greater betrayal by a President of the United States of his office and his oath to the Constitution."[99] Later the Wyoming GOP demanded for Cheney, the third highest ranking Republican in the House, to resign from her post. She refused to do so, and corrected members of her state party who had said that the Capitol rioting was done by antifa and Black Lives Matter protesters.[100]

##### Senate Democrats[edit | edit source]

By January 7, Democrat Chuck Schumer, the Senate Minority Leader, had called for Trump's immediate removal from office,[101] as had many other Democratic members of the U.S. Senate, such as Elizabeth Warren, Tim Kaine, and Amy Klobuchar.[78]

On Monday, January 11, Senator Joe Manchin (D-WV) said that he thought the plan to vote on impeachment that week was "ill-advised" since there was no path to conviction by the Senate. He said Congress could move forward with impeachment after the inauguration of President-elect Biden.[102]

##### Senate Republicans[edit | edit source]

On January 8, Republican senator Ben Sasse said he was willing to consider an impeachment because Trump had violated his oath of office.[103]

As of January 9, no Republican senators were publicly calling for Trump's removal from office, according to CNN.[91] However, two Republican senators have called for his voluntary resignation. On January 8, Republican senator Lisa Murkowski of Alaska called on Trump to resign immediately, stating: "I want him out. He has caused enough damage."[104][105] Murkowski suggested that she might declare herself an Independent, as, "if the Republican Party has become nothing more than the party of Trump, I sincerely question whether this is the party for me."[106] Republican senator Pat Toomey of Pennsylvania stated on January 9 that he thinks President Trump "committed impeachable offenses" and that his Republican colleagues should be "soul searching" about their own involvement,[107] but he didn't say how he plans to vote if the matter comes to a Senate trial.[108] On January 10, Toomey said that "the best way for our country" would be for Trump "to resign and go away as soon as possible".[109]

After Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell acknowledged Biden's victory on December 15, Trump did not speak to McConnell for the remaining month of his presidency.[110] McConnell reportedly believed that Trump had committed impeachable crimes; on Trump's last full day in office, McConnell said that "the mob was fed lies" and that "they were provoked by the president."[111] While McConnell was also said to believe that an impeachment proceeding would make it easier for Republicans to purge Trump's influence from the party,[112] he nevertheless told fellow senators on January 13 that he had not yet decided whether he would vote to convict Trump and that he would listen to the arguments during the trial.[113] Furthermore, McConnell was unwilling to convene the Senate early to hold the trial,[114] entailing that Trump finished his presidential term.

#### State elected officials[edit | edit source]

##### Current governors and lieutenant governors[edit | edit source]

The following governors and lieutenant governors said that Trump should be removed from office:

* California Governor Gavin Newsom (Democratic)[115]
* Illinois Governor J. B. Pritzker (Democratic)[116]
* Maryland Governor Larry Hogan (Republican)[117]
* Maryland Lieutenant Governor Boyd Rutherford (Republican)[118]
* Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker (Republican)[119]
* New York Governor Andrew Cuomo (Democratic)[120]
* New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy (Democratic)[121]
* North Carolina Governor Roy Cooper (Democratic)[122]
* Pennsylvania Governor Tom Wolf (Democratic)[123]
* Vermont Governor Phil Scott (Republican)[124]
* Virginia Governor Ralph Northam (Democratic)[125]
* Washington Governor Jay Inslee (Democratic)[126]

##### Former governors[edit | edit source]

* Former California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger (Republican)[127]
* Former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie (Republican)[128]
* Former Massachusetts Governor Bill Weld (Republican)[129]
* Former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney (Republican)
* Former Ohio Governor John Kasich (Republican)

#### Administration positions[edit | edit source]

##### Federal employees[edit | edit source]

About 175 career diplomats in the State Department, mostly lawyers, called on Mike Pompeo to support consultations with other cabinet officials on possibly invoking the 25th Amendment to remove the president from office. The cable stated that the president's actions undermined U.S. foreign policy and democratic institutions.[130]

##### Former administration officials[edit | edit source]

Former Secretary of Homeland Security and White House Chief of Staff John F. Kelly, who left Trump's Cabinet in 2019, said that if he had still been part of the administration during the attack, he would have supported Trump's removal from office.[131]

#### Historians, scholars, and commentators[edit | edit source]

More than 1,000 historians and constitutional scholars signed an open letter, posted online on January 11, 2021, calling for Trump to be impeached and removed from office.[132][133] Additionally, the American Constitution Society published a statement signed by over 900 law professors calling for Congress to impeach and remove Trump from office, or for Vice President Pence and the Cabinet invoke the 25th Amendment.[134]

Yoni Appelbaum (The Atlantic), David French (Time), Austin Sarat, David Frum (The Atlantic),[135] Tom Nichols (USA Today), David Landau, Rosalind Dixon, and Bret Stephens (The New York Times) called for the impeachment of Trump the second time and for him to be disqualified from public office.[136][137][138][139][140][141] Mary L. Trump, the President's niece, said she thought her uncle should be barred from ever running for office again.[142]

Several conservative commentators, including Meghan McCain, Rod Dreher, Daniel Larison (The American Conservative), John Podhoretz (Commentary), Tiana Lowe and Eddie Scarry (Washington Examiner) expressed their support for the impeachment and/or the invocation of the 25th Amendment to remove Trump from office.[143][144][145][146][147][148] Matthew Continetti, writing in the National Review, also called for Trump's removal from office.[149] Fox News analyst Juan Williams wrote in The Hill, "Arrest the rioters; impeach Trump".[150]

Progressive commentators John Nichols (The Nation) and Matt Ford (The New Republic) also called for Trump to be impeached and permanently disqualified from public office.[151][152]

Calling the attack an "act of sedition", The Washington Post editorial board wrote that Trump's "continued tenure in office poses a grave threat to U.S. democracy" as well as to public order and national security, and called for Pence to immediately begin the 25th Amendment process to declare Trump "unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office" so that Pence could serve until Biden's inauguration on January 20.[153] In its first-ever staff editorial,[relevant?] The Dispatch stated that Trump "must be removed" for abusing his office, violating the public trust, and inciting "a violent attack on the Capitol and Congress".[154] The Financial Times editorial board called for Trump to be "held accountable for storming the Capitol".[155] The Wall Street Journal editorial board invited Trump to resign, calling his acts "impeachable" and saying that the President had "crossed a constitutional line that Mr. Trump hasn’t previously crossed".[156]

#### Other organizations[edit | edit source]

The Lincoln Project, a political action committee formed by anti-Trump Republicans and former Republicans, called for the House of Representatives and the Senate to "immediately impeach Donald Trump for directing and provoking this attack".[157]

The National Association of Manufacturers also requested Pence to "seriously consider" invoking the 25th Amendment.[158]

Freedom House issued a press release calling for the immediate removal of President Trump, through resignation, the 25th Amendment, or impeachment.[159]

The American Civil Liberties Union called for Trump's impeachment for the second time.[160]

March for Science circulated an online petition calling for Trump to be removed immediately via the 25th Amendment.[161]

Crowell & Moring LLP, a large Washington, D.C., law firm, circulated a letter among the nation's largest law firms calling for Trump's removal under Section 4 of the Constitution's 25th Amendment. At least 18 other law firms, including DLA Piper, Foley Hoag, and Hanson Bridgett joined this call.[162][163]

### Opposition[edit | edit source]

#### Senators[edit | edit source]

On January 7, Senator Steve Daines (R-MT) said "These calls for impeachment I'm hearing -- I don't think they're helpful, and I think we should allow 13 days to move forward peacefully and prepare for this transition of power that's going to happen on Jan. 20."[164]

On January 8, Senator Lindsey Graham (R–SC) tweeted that impeachment "will do more harm than good".[165] In a follow-up tweet, he implied[how?] that Pelosi and Schumer wanted to impeach Trump because they were concerned about their own political survival.[166] Also, on January 11, Graham tweeted "It is past time for all of us to try to heal our country and move forward. Impeachment would be a major step backward."[167]

On January 11, three senators spoke out against impeachment. Senator Cindy Hyde-Smith (R-MS) said "Let's get through the 10 days. He will leave the office and let's get on with things."[168] Senator John Hoeven (R-ND) said "We need to work together to heal the divisions in our nation and impeachment would instead serve to further divide our country."[169] Senator Rick Scott (R-FL) said "I'm not going to do what the Democrats are doing. I think we need to lower the rhetoric. We need to get some unity going."[170]

On January 12, Senator Tim Scott (R-SC) tweeted "An impeachment vote will only lead to more hate and a deeply fractured nation. I oppose impeaching President Trump."[171]

On January 13, seven senators spoke out against impeachment. Senator Bill Hagerty (R-TN) said "At a time when the United States needs national healing and a true commitment to the rule of law, the American people should look to their legislators not to deepen partisan division, but to bring us together. There are seven days to go in the President's term, and he has fully committed to a peaceful transfer of power."[172] Senator Cynthia Lummis (R-WY) said "Moving forward with impeachment at this juncture will only further divide our already hurting nation."[173] Senator Kevin Cramer (R-ND) said: "The president's rhetoric, while reckless, while at some level could be accused of inciting anger and inciting some bad behavior, it is also clear that the exact words that he used do not rise to, in my mind anyway, a criminal level of incitement as we would have to consider, in my view, in this process even as political as it is."[174] Senator Marsha Blackburn (R-TN) said "To persist with impeachment now, with just days to go in the current administration, will further divide Americans and exacerbate tensions. Moving forward, it is my sincere hope Congress will work on a bipartisan basis to restore the confidence of the American people in our elections and affirm our shared commitment to the rule of law."[175] Senator Roger Wicker (R-MS) told the Meridian Star on Jan 13 that he opposes impeachment.[176] Senator Tom Cotton (R-AR) said: "After January 20, Congress should get on with the people’s business: improving our vaccination efforts, getting kids back to school, and getting workers back on the job."[177] Senator Tommy Tuberville (R-AL) said "We just need to go forward to help the people of this country and quit worrying about politics."[178]

On January 14, Senator Mike Rounds (R-SD) said "I think if the question is moot, I don't see a reason to convict."[179]

On January 19, three senators spoke out against impeachment. Senator John Cornyn (R-TX) said "If they proceed with the impeachment trial, I think that will further divide the country."[180] Senator John Thune (R-SD) said, "In my view, using a constitutional tool designed to remove the president from office after he has already left could further divide our country when we can least afford it."[181] Senator Roger Marshall (R-KS) said "Not only is it unconstitutional to impeach a President after he leaves office, I firmly believe an impeachment effort at this juncture will only raise already heated temperatures of the American public and further divide our country at a time when we should be focused on bringing the country together and moving forward. Whether it's getting the COVID-19 vaccine into the arms of all those who want and need it, boosting job recovery, or opening our economy back up to pre-pandemic levels, we have real work to do."[182]

On January 20, Senator John Boozman (R-AR) said "With [Trump] already being gone, impeachment would be a significant expense and waste of time."[183]

On January 21, five senators spoke out against impeachment. Senator Chuck Grassley (R-IA) said "It's one thing, according to the constitution, to impeach a president, but can you impeach a citizen? Because now it's not President Trump, it's citizen Trump."[184] Senator Josh Hawley (R-MO) said "Democrats appear intent on weaponizing every tool at their disposal — including pushing an unconstitutional impeachment process — to further divide the country. Missourians will not be canceled by these partisan attacks."[185] Senator Mike Braun (R-IN) said "I think the key point is, is it constitutional to do this when somebody is out of office — and then, is it purely retribution when you try to push it forward."[186] Senator Ron Johnson (R-WI) said "I believe an impeachment trial of a former president is unconstitutional and would set a very dangerous precedent."[187] Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) said ""It seems that Senate Democrats, the response they have to that is they want to start the new Congress the very first thing, with a vindictive and punitive impeachment trial,"[188]

On January 24, two senators spoke out against impeachment. Senator John Barrasso (R-WY) said Democrats were sending a message that "hatred and vitriol of Donald Trump are so strong" that they will hold a trial that stops Biden's policy priorities from moving.[189] Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) said "The first chance I get to vote to end this trial, I will do it, because I think it's really bad for America."[190]

On January 25, three senators spoke out against impeachment. Senator Joni Ernst (R-IA) said "My concern right now is that the president is no longer in office. Congress would be opening itself to a dangerous standard of using impeachment as a tool for political revenge against a private citizen, and the only remedy at this point is to strip the convicted of their ability to run for future office – a move that would undoubtedly strip millions of voters of their ability to choose a candidate in the next election."[191] Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) tweeted "I object to this unconstitutional sham of an 'impeachment' trial and I will force a vote on whether the Senate can hold a trial of a private citizen."[192] Senator Richard Burr (R-NC) said "A charge like this should go to the Justice Department and be referred for prosecution. Unfortunately, that's not what they're doing," However, Burr ended up voting to convict Trump for the charges on incitement of insurrection.[193]

On January 26, eight senators spoke out against impeachment. Senator James Lankford (R-OK) said "This is not a trial; this is political theater. You cannot remove someone from the office who is already out of office. In this trial, there is no current President, no Chief Justice, and no possibility someone could be removed from office because they are not in any office. In a moment when our nation needs to unite, this trial will only create even deeper divisions."[194] Senator Jim Inhofe (R-OK) tweeted "Given that the penalty for impeachment shall be removed from office, my reading of the Constitution leads me to believe that the Founders did not intend for us to impeach former federal officeholders. I agree with @RandPaul that it's not constitutional to try a former president."[195] Senator John Kennedy (R-LA) said "Today, I voted to affirm that these impeachment proceedings are unconstitutional. Based on the information I have right now, I voted today and will vote again later in the impeachment trial to dismiss the impeachment proceedings against former President Trump."[196] Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) tweeted "This impeachment is nothing more than a partisan exercise designed to further divide the country. Democrats claim to want to unify the country but impeaching a former president, a private citizen, is the antithesis of unity."[197] Senator Richard Shelby (R-AL) told reporters he has "deep reservations whether they should be trying him at all."[198] Senator Roy Blunt (R-MO) tweeted that "I believe the constitutional purpose for presidential impeachment is to remove a president from office, not to punish a person after they have left office."[199] Senator Shelley Moore Capito (R-WV) said "My vote today to dismiss the article of impeachment is based on the fact that impeachment was designed to remove an officeholder from public office. The Constitution does not give Congress the power to impeach a private citizen. This charge is directed at an individual who no longer holds public office. I believe it is time we focus our attention and energies on the numerous challenges our country presently faces. Instead of taking a path of divisiveness, let us heed the call to unity that we have heard spoken so often over the past few weeks."[200] Senator Thom Tillis (R-NC) said "On January 6, I said voting to reject the states' electors was a dangerous precedent we should not set. Likewise, impeaching a former President who is now a private citizen would be equally unwise."[201]

Senators Jim Risch (R-ID) was among a group of Republican senators who have asked Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) how to prevent the Senate from even holding a trial.[202]

#### Others[edit | edit source]

Retired Harvard Law School professor Alan Dershowitz, who represented Trump during his first impeachment and had endorsed Biden for president in the 2020 election,[203] opposed another impeachment. He stated that Trump "has not committed a constitutionally impeachable offense" and that he "would be honored to once again defend the Constitution against partisan efforts to weaponize it for political purposes".[204]

George Washington University Law School professor Jonathan Turley wrote an op-ed in The Hill in which he argued that this new impeachment effort would "damage the constitution". While Turley condemns Trump's remarks, he stated that Trump's speech "would be viewed as a protected speech by the Supreme Court". He also noted that Trump "never actually called for violence or riots" and cited other remarks made by congressional Democrats the previous year that similarly encouraged protests that turned violent.[205]

Former National Security Advisor John Bolton called for Trump's resignation;[206] however, he argued against both invocation of the 25th Amendment and impeachment, saying that it was a "very bad idea", that the 25th Amendment was the "worst drafted" section of the Constitution, and would lead to "two competing presidencies" if invoked and challenged by Trump.[207]

As a counter to the push for impeachment, House Republicans introduced a resolution to censure Trump, sponsored by Brian Fitzpatrick with original cosponsors Tom Reed, Young Kim, John Curtis, Peter Meijer, and Fred Upton; Meijer and Upton announced they would also support impeachment.[208][209][210]

After the attack, Ohio Governor Mike DeWine said that impeachment was a poor idea, saying that "if that were to occur more people would be inflamed. There would be less trust in the whole system. We only got two more weeks and the next president will take place at 12 noon on January 20, two weeks to go and that will be it."[211]

On January 12, Trump described the impeachment charge as a "witch hunt" that was "causing tremendous anger" among his supporters.[212]

### Public opinion polls[edit | edit source]

Public opinion polls of impeachment[213] Pollster  | Sample size  | Pop  | Margin of error  | Support  | Oppose  | Date  | Citation

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

YouGov | 1,448  | RV  | ±3.3%  | 50%  | 42%  | Jan 6  | [214]
Ipsos | 500  | A  | ±5.0%  | 51%  | 36%  | Jan 6  | [215]
The Hill/HarrisX  | 964  | RV  | ±3.16%  | 49%  | 51%  | Jan. 6–7  | [216]
Axios/Ipsos | 536  | A  | ±4.6%  | 51%  | 49%  | Jan. 6–7  | [217]
Politico/Morning Consult | 1,986  | RV  | ±2.0%  | 44%  | 43%  | Jan. 6–7  | [218]
Avalanche Insights  | 2,009  | A  | –  | 58%  | 34%  | Jan 7  | [219]
PBS/Marist | 875  | A  | ±4.8%  | 48%  | 49%  | Jan 7  | [220]
831  | RV  | ±4.9%  | 49%  | 48%
HuffPost/YouGov | 1,000  | RV  | ±4.1%  | 47%  | 41%  | Jan. 6–8  | [221]
Change Research | 1,116  | LV  | ±3.4%  | 51%  | 47%  | Jan. 7–8  | [222]
ABC/Ipsos | 570  | A  | ±4.7%  | 56%  | 43%  | Jan. 8–9  | [223]
Quinnipiac University | 1,239  | RV  | ±2.8%  | 52%  | 45%  | Jan. 7–10  | [224]
Data for Progress | 1,129  | LV  | ±2.9%  | 53%  | 43%  | Jan. 9–10  | [225]
Vox/Data for Progress | 1,233  | LV  | ±2.8%  | 52%  | 46%  | Jan. 8–11  | [226]
Navigator Research  | 1,000  | RV  | –  | 53%  | 40%  | Jan. 8–11  | [227]
Politico/Morning Consult | 1,996  | RV  | ±2.0%  | 52%  | 41%  | Jan. 8–11  | [228]

RV = registered voters, LV = likely voters, A = all adults.

## See also[edit | edit source]

* Efforts to impeach Donald Trump
* Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump -preceding his first impeachment
* First impeachment of Donald Trump
* First impeachment trial of Donald Trump
* Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump
* Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud
* Trump–Raffensperger phone call

## Notes[edit | edit source]

1. ^ Republican representatives who did not vote on invoking the 25th Amendment: Dan Crenshaw (TX-2), Kay Granger (TX-12), Greg Murphy (NC-3), Michelle Steel (CA-48), and Daniel Webster (FL-11).
2. ^ At the time of the House vote, two seats were vacant: Louisiana 5 and New York 22.
3. ^ Adoption based on a simple majority.
4. ^ Based on a two-thirds majority threshold to convict.

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ^ Fandos, Nicholas (January 8, 2021). "How to Impeach a President in 12 Days: Here's What It Would Take". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
2. ^ Honig, Elie (December 23, 2019). "The Trump administration is hiding something". CNN Digital. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
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151. ^ Nichols, John (January 6, 2021). "Impeach Trump Immediately". The Nation. ISSN 0027-8378. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
152. ^ Ford, Matt; Lavin, Talia; Lavin, Talia; Weinstein, Adam; Weinstein, Adam; Watson, Libby; Watson, Libby; Finchelstein, Federico; Piccato, Pablo (January 6, 2021). "Banish Trump and His Co-Conspirators—Forever". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
153. ^ "Trump caused the assault on the Capitol. He must be removed". The Washington Post. January 6, 2021. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
154. ^ "Impeach Donald Trump, Remove Him, and Bar Him From Holding Office Ever Again". The Dispatch. January 7, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
155. ^ "Donald Trump must be held to account for storming of the Capitol". Financial Times. January 7, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
156. ^ "Opinion: Donald Trump's Final Days". The Wall Street Journal. Editorial Board. January 8, 2021. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
157. ^ Coleman, Justine (January 6, 2021). "Lincoln Project adds to impeachment calls". The Hill. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
158. ^ Novet, Jordan (January 6, 2021). "U.S. trade group asks VP Pence to 'seriously consider' invoking 25th Amendment to remove Trump". CNBC. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
159. ^ "United States: President Trump Must Leave Office Immediately" (Press release). Freedom House. January 7, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
160. ^ "ACLU Again Calls for Impeachment of President Trump | ACLU of Northern CA". aclunc.org. ACLU NorCal. January 10, 2021. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
161. ^ Wessel, Lindzi (January 8, 2021). "Science advocacy groups join calls for Trump's removal". Science | AAAS. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
162. ^ Krisher, Tom; Choe, Stan (January 7, 2021). "Law firm seeks support in call for President Trump's ouster". Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
163. ^ Debra Cassens Weiss (January 11, 2021). "18 law firms join Crowell & Moring in calling for Trump's removal; NYC bar also seeks ouster". ABA Journal. Archived from the original on January 13, 2021. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
164. ^ Georgiou, Maritsa (January 7, 2021). "Senators react to call for impeachment; Daines recounts Capitol scene, addresses criticism". KECI. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
165. ^ Graham, Lindsey [@LindseyGrahamSC] (January 8, 2021). "As President @realDonaldTrump stated last night, it is time to heal and move on. If Speaker Pelosi pushes impeachment in the last days of the Trump presidency it will do more harm than good. I'm hopeful President-elect Biden sees the damage that would be done from such action" (Tweet). Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2021 - via Twitter.
166. ^ Graham, Lindsey [@LindseyGrahamSC] (January 8, 2021). "@realDonaldTrump Speaker Pelosi is hanging by a political thread, and Senator Schumer lives in fear of a primary from the radical left. It is up to President-elect Biden to step in and allow the nation to heal" (Tweet). Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2021 - via Twitter.
167. ^ Graham, Lindsey [@LindseyGrahamSC] (January 11, 2021). "I'm disappointed to hear the House is proceeding with a second impeachment given there are only nine days left in a Trump presidency. It is past time for all of us to try to heal our country and move forward. Impeachment would be a major step backward" (Tweet). Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2021 - via Twitter.
168. ^ Williams, Angela (January 12, 2021). "Hyde-Smith calls mob that attacked U.S. Capitol 'criminals'" - via www.wapt.com.
169. ^ Benth, Morgan. "Impeachment efforts could continue even after President Trump is out of office". www.kfyrtv.com.
170. ^ Gancarski, A. G. (January 11, 2021). "'Get some unity going': Rick Scott says impeachment won't bring America together". Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
171. ^ Altman-Devilbiss, Alexx (January 13, 2021). "'Will only lead to more hate:' Sen. Tim Scott opposes Trump impeachment". WPDE. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
172. ^ "TN Senators Blackburn and Hagerty speak out on House impeachment hearings". WTVC. January 13, 2021.
173. ^ Eagle, Tom Coulter | Wyoming Tribune. "Cheney votes to impeach Trump, drawing some local, D.C. pushback". Wyoming Tribune Eagle.
174. ^ DeCiccio, Emily (January 14, 2021). "'I don't know that McConnell has a lot of power,' says GOP senator on impeachment vote". CNBC.
175. ^ Whittington, Jordan (January 13, 2021). "Sen. Marsha Blackburn says persisting with impeachment will 'further divide Americans'". WZTV.
176. ^ Today, Bobby Harrison Mississippi. "Trump impeached for second time; Mississippi House Republicans stick with president". Meridian Star. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
177. ^ "Cotton Statement on Senate Impeachment Proceedings | U.S. Senator Cotton of Arkansas". www.cotton.senate.gov. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
178. ^ Thompson, Tiffany. "U.S. Senator Tommy Tuberville talks about U.S. Space Command, impeachment, and more". www.waff.com. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
179. ^ "Rounds: Impeachment trial of Trump is 'moot,' doesn't see reason to convict". Argus Leader. Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
180. ^ Walker, Chris. "Pelosi Responds to Claims that Trump Impeachment Goes Against Calls for "Unity"". Truthout.
181. ^ Ellis, Jonathan. "Thune: Impeachment trial would further divide country". Argus Leader. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
182. ^ "Senator Marshall Statement on Impeachment Proceedings » Senator Roger Marshall".
183. ^ "State sends governor, lawmakers to observe inauguration". Arkansas Online. January 21, 2021. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
184. ^ McCullough, Caleb. "Iowa's U.S. senators question the constitutionality of impeachment trial". Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
185. ^ Caplan, Craig [@CraigCaplan] (January 21, 2021). "Hawley (R-MO): "Democrats appear intent on weaponizing every tool at their disposal — including pushing an unconstitutional impeachment process — to further divide the country. Missourians will not be canceled by these partisan attacks."" (Tweet). Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2021 - via Twitter.
186. ^ "Senate Republicans uniting behind impeachment defense". POLITICO. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
187. ^ Johnson, Ron [@SenRonJohnson] (January 21, 2021). "I believe an impeachment trial of a former president is unconstitutional and would set a very dangerous precedent. There is no provision in the Constitution for holding such a trial over a former president who is now a private citizen. Where would we get the authority to do so?" (Tweet). Archived from the original on January 29, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2021 - via Twitter.
188. ^ Barrabi, Thomas (January 21, 2021). "Ted Cruz rips Senate Dems for pursuing 'vindictive' Trump impeachment despite Biden call for unity". Fox News. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
189. ^ Richer, Alanna Durkin; Long, Colleen (January 24, 2021). "Growing number of Republican senators oppose Trump's impeachment trial". ABC7 Los Angeles. Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 1, 2021.
190. ^ Hooper, Kelly. "Marco Rubio: It's 'arrogant' to impeach Trump". POLITICO. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
191. ^ Coltrain, Nick. "Iowa U.S. Sen. Joni Ernst doubts Constitution allows impeachment of former presidents". Des Moines Register.
192. ^ Paul, Rand [@RandPaul] (January 25, 2021). "I object to this unconstitutional sham of an "impeachment" trial and I will force a vote on whether the Senate can hold a trial of a private citizen" (Tweet). Archived from the original on January 27, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2021 - via Twitter.
193. ^ Litvan, Laura [@LauraLitvan] (January 25, 2021). "GOP Senator Richard Burr joins the growing list of Senate Rs who say they don't think it's constitutional to have an impeachment trial for Trump. "A charge like this should go to the Justice Department and be referred for prosecution. Unfortunately, that's not what they're doing."" (Tweet). Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2021 - via Twitter.
194. ^ "Oklahoma Senators James Lankford, Jim Inhofe oppose Trump impeachment trial". Oklahoman.com. January 27, 2021.
195. ^ Inhofe, Jim [@JimInhofe] (January 26, 2021). "Given that the penalty for impeachment shall be removed from office, my reading of the Constitution leads me to believe that the Founders did not intend for us to impeach former federal officeholders. I agree with @RandPaul that it's not constitutional to try a former president" (Tweet). Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2021 - via Twitter.
196. ^ Hilburn, Greg. "Where do Louisiana Senators Cassidy and Kennedy stand as Trump impeachment trial looms?". The News-Star. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
197. ^ "Rand Paul bashes Democrats over impeachment trial: 'the antithesis of unity'". thehill.com. January 26, 2021.
198. ^ Bobic, Igor [@igorbobic] (January 26, 2021). "Asked about Trump's impeachment trial, Shelby says he has "deep reservations whether they should be trying him at all"" (Tweet). Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2021 - via Twitter.
199. ^ Blunt, Roy [@RoyBlunt] (January 26, 2021). "Statement on my vote to declare it unconstitutional for the Senate to proceed with an impeachment trial of a president who is no longer in office: t.co/zbtHx7qGGv" (Tweet). Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2021 - via Twitter.
200. ^ "Trump impeachment: Why convicting him just got a lot harder". BBC News. January 26, 2021.
201. ^ "Tillis Statement on Procedural Vote To Dismiss Articles of Impeachment". Thom Tillis, U.S. Senator for North Carolina. January 26, 2021.
202. ^ Palmeri, Tara; Bade, Rachael; Lizza, Ryan; Daniels, Eugene. "POLITICO Playbook: Republicans feel the squeeze on impeachment". POLITICO. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
203. ^ McDonald, Scott (June 13, 2019). "Alan Dershowitz Says He Would 'Enthusiastically' Vote For Biden Over Trump in 2020 matchup". Newsweek. Archived from the original on August 30, 2019. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
204. ^ Chalfant, Morgan (January 8, 2021). "Dershowitz says he'd defend Trump again in impeachment trial". The Hill. Archived from the original on January 9, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
205. ^ Turley, Jonathan (January 9, 2021). "Turley: Swift new impeachment would damage the Constitution". The Hill. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
206. ^ "John Bolton says action against Donald Trump must pass cost-benefit analysis". CTV News. January 8, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
207. ^ "Bolton says it's 'almost certain' Trump will try to cause more damage before leaving office". CTV News. January 7, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2021 - via YouTube.
208. ^ "Group of House Republicans, Led by PA. Rep. Brian Fitzpatrick, Wants Trump Censured". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Associated Press. January 12, 2021. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
209. ^ Wagner, Meg; Macaya, Melissa; Hayes, Mike; Mahtani, Melissa; Alfonso, Fernando III; Rocha, Veronica (January 13, 2021). "GOP Rep. Young Kim says she supports censure, but not impeachment". CNN. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
210. ^ "Which Republicans Voted to Impeach Trump? Here Are 10". The New York Times. January 13, 2021. Archived from the original on January 13, 2021. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
211. ^ Schneider, Jeremy (January 7, 2021). "DeWine calls Capitol riots sad day in American history". WTVG. Gray Television. Archived from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
212. ^ Dobbins, James; Karni, Annie (January 12, 2021). "In first public appearance since the Capitol siege, Trump expresses no contrition for inciting the mob". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 12, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
213. ^ Collins, Sean (January 10, 2021). "Americans are divided on whether to remove Trump, according to the polls". Vox. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
214. ^ "YouGov Poll: Capitol Protest" (PDF). YouGov. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 7, 2021.
215. ^ "America united in opposition to the pro-Trump mob assaulting the Capitol" (PDF). Ipsos. January 6, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 9, 2021.
216. ^ "Poll: Majority of voters say Capitol riots caused mostly by actions of mob not Trump". January 8, 2021.
217. ^ "Axios-Ipsos poll: Republicans oppose removing Trump over Capitol siege". Axios. January 7, 2021. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021.
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## External links[edit | edit source]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Second impeachment of Donald Trump.

* File:Wikisource-logo.svg The full text of Article of Impeachment against Donald J. Trump (2021) at Wikisource
* Article of impeachment published January 11, 2021 on Congress.gov
* Congressional Documents: Impeachment
* "Senate Impeachment Trial: January 6 Video Montage (13:24)". C-SPAN (House Impeachment Manager Rep. Jamie Raskin presents a video montage of the January 6, 2021, Attack on the U.S. Capitol during his opening statement during the U.S. Senate Impeachment Trial of former President Trump). February 9, 2021. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021 - via YouTube. See also: Philip Elliott (February 10, 2021). "This Video of Jan. 6's Insurrection Should Be Mandatory". Time Magazine. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021.

* v
* t
* e

Donald Trump

* 45th President of the United States (2017–2021)

Presidency|

* Election
* Reactions
* Transition
* Inauguration
* Timeline
* first 100 days
* 2017
* Q1
* Q2
* Q3
* Q4
* 2018
* Q1
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* Q3
* Q4
* 2019
* Q1
* Q2
* Q3
* Q4
* 2020–2021
* Q1
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* Q4–January 2021
* domestic trips
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* international trips
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* 2017
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* U.S. attorneys
* inspectors general
* James Comey
* Pardons and commutations
* Joe Arpaio
* Executive actions
* proclamations
* Government shutdowns
* January 2018
* 2018–2019
* Trump wall
* First impeachment
* first trial
* COVID-19 pandemic
* Trump–Raffensperger phone call
* 2020–21 United States election protests
* January 6 United States Capitol attack
* Second impeachment (second trial)

File:Donald Trump official portrait (cropped).jpg

File:Seal of the President of the United States.svg

Life and
politics|

* Business career
* legal affairs
* wealth
* tax returns
* Media career
* The Apprentice
* American football
* Golf
* Honors and awards
* Political positions
* Trumpism
* Economy
* tariffs
* Environment
* Paris withdrawal
* America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018
* Clean Water Act
* Safe Drinking Water Act
* Foreign policy
* positions as candidate
* America First
* China–United States trade war
* Israel–Palestine
* Jerusalem recognition
* Golan Heights recognition
* Peace plan
* Abraham Accords
* UAE
* Bahrain
* Sudan
* Morocco
* Kosovo–Serbia agreement
* Iran nuclear deal withdrawal
* Russia summit
* Helsinki
* North Korea summits
* Singapore
* Hanoi
* DMZ
* Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
* Assassination of Qasem Soleimani
* Immigration
* family separation
* travel ban
* wall
* Social issues
* cannabis
* Space policy
* Protests
* timeline
* assassination attempt
* efforts to impeach
* Racial views
* Veracity of statements
* Photo op at St. John's Church
* Political interference with science agencies
* National Garden of American Heroes
* Endorsements by Donald Trump
* FBI investigation into Donald Trump's handling of classified material

Books|

* Trump: The Art of the Deal (1987)
* Trump: Surviving at the Top (1990)
* Trump: The Art of the Comeback (1997)
* The America We Deserve (2000)
* The Way to the Top (2004)
* Trump 101 (2006)
* Why We Want You to Be Rich (2006)
* Think Big and Kick Ass (2007)
* Time to Get Tough (2011)
* Midas Touch (2011)
* Crippled America (2015)

Speeches|

* Inaugural address (2017)
* Joint session of Congress (2017)
* Riyadh summit (2017)
* Warsaw speech (2017)
* National Scout Jamboree (2017)
* State of the Union Address
* 2018
* 2019
* 2020
* Oval Office address
* 2019
* 2020
* Farewell address (2021)
* CPAC (2021)

Campaigns|

* 2000 presidential campaign
* 2016 presidential campaign
* "Make America Great Again"
* rallies
* 2016 Republican primaries
* endorsements
* debates
* running mate selection
* convention
* 2016 general election
* endorsements
* debates
* Never Trump movement
* Republican Voters Against Trump
* Republican opposition in 2016
* Republican opposition in 2020
* Mitt Romney speech
* Sexual misconduct allegations
* Access Hollywood recording
* 2020 presidential campaign
* rallies
* 2020 Republican primaries
* convention
* 2020 general election
* endorsements
* political
* non-political
* debates
* Republican reactions to Trump's election fraud claims

Lawsuits|

* List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump
* Lawsuits related to the 2020 presidential election: filed before Election Day
* filed during or after Election Day
* Arizona
* Georgia
* Michigan
* Nevada
* Pennsylvania
* Wisconsin
* Texas v. Pennsylvania

Related|

* Foundation
* In popular culture
* filmography
* in music
* SNL parodies
* Residences
* 85-15 Wareham Place
* Trump Tower
* Bedminster
* Mar-a-Lago (FBI search)
* The Visionary
* On social media
* wiretapping allegations
* Real News Update
* Covfefe
* Trump Media & Technology Group
* Donald J. Trump State Park
* Nicknames used
* Trump Force One
* Trump derangement syndrome
* Fort Trump
* White House COVID-19 outbreak
* Trumpism
* Women for Trump
* Blacks for Trump
* Gays for Trump
* Controversies
* Pseudonyms
* Stormy Daniels scandal
* Trump-Ukraine scandal
* Attempts to overturn the 2020 election:
* Stop the Steal
* January 6 United States Capitol attack
* Day of Rage: How Trump Supporters Took the U.S. Capitol (2021)
* Four Hours at the Capitol (2021)

Family|

| Spouses|

* Ivana Trump (first wife)
* Marla Maples (second wife)
* Melania Trump (third wife)

|

Children|

* Donald Trump Jr. (son)
* Ivanka Trump (daughter)
* Eric Trump (son)
* Tiffany Trump (daughter)

Ancestors|

* Fred Trump (father)
* Mary Anne Trump (mother)
* Frederick Trump (grandfather)
* Elizabeth Trump (grandmother)

Siblings|

* Maryanne Trump Barry (sister)
* Fred Trump Jr. (brother)
* Robert Trump (brother)

In-laws|

* Jared Kushner (son-in-law)
* Lara Trump (daughter-in-law)
* Vanessa Trump (former daughter-in-law)
* Blaine Trump (former sister-in-law)

Others|

* John G. Trump (uncle)
* Mary L. Trump (niece)
* John Whitney Walter (cousin)

* ← Barack Obama
* Joe Biden →

* * *

* Category Category

* v
* t
* e

Presidency of Donald Trump

Campaigns|

* 2000 presidential campaign
* 2016 presidential campaign
* Make America Great Again
* rallies
* Republican primaries
* endorsements
* debates
* running mate selection
* convention
* General election
* endorsements
* debates
* reactions
* Assassination attempt
* Never Trump movement
* Mitt Romney's anti-Trump speech
* Republican opposition in 2016
* Republican opposition in 2020
* Sexual misconduct allegations
* Access Hollywood recording
* Wiretapping allegations
* 2020 presidential campaign
* endorsements
* political
* non-political
* rallies
* Republican reactions to Trump's 2020 election fraud claims

Tenure|

* Transition
* Inauguration
* speech
* Opinion polling
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* Social media
* 2018 midterm elections
* Government shutdowns
* January 2018
* 2018–2019
* Executive actions
* proclamations
* Executive clemency
* pardon of Joe Arpaio
* Travel bans
* reactions
* legal challenges
* protests
* replacement
* Family separation policy
* Migrant detentions
* Operation Faithful Patriot
* Stormy Daniels scandal
* Anonymous senior official op-ed
* Relations with Israel
* Jerusalem recognition
* Golan Heights recognition
* Peace plan
* Abraham Accords
* UAE
* Bahrain
* Sudan
* Morocco
* Kosovo–Serbia agreement
* North Korea crisis
* Singapore summit
* Hanoi summit
* DMZ summit
* Trump–Ukraine scandal
* Relations with Russia
* Helsinki summit
* Russian bounty program
* Famer bailouts
* Saudi Arabia arms deal
* Syria strikes
* 2017
* 2018
* Taiwan call
* Withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal
* Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
* Assassination of Qasem Soleimani
* COVID-19 pandemic
* Communication
* Federal government data breach
* Presidential Library

Timeline|

* First 100 days
* 2017
* Q1
* Q2
* Q3
* Q4
* 2018
* Q1
* Q2
* Q3
* Q4
* 2019
* Q1
* Q2
* Q3
* Q4
* 2020
* Q1
* Q2
* Q3
* Q4
* January 2021
* Trips
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* 2020–2021
* international
* Riyadh summit
* Singapore summit
* Helsinki summit
* Hanoi summit
* DMZ summit

Policies|

* Economy
* tax cuts
* tariffs
* China trade war
* Environment
* Paris Agreement withdrawal
* Foreign policy
* as candidate
* as President
* America First
* Immigration
* Racial views
* Social issues
* cannabis

Personnel|

* Cabinet
* formation
* Federal judges
* Gorsuch
* Kavanaugh
* Barrett
* Supreme Court candidates
* controversies
* Ambassadors
* Attorneys
* Economic advisors
* Withdrawn appointees
* Short-tenure appointees
* Dismissals and resignations
* attorneys
* Yates
* Comey
* Tillerson
* McMaster
* Pruitt
* inspectors general
* Endorsements by Donald Trump

Notable events|

* Business projects in Russia
* Links with Russian officials
* Trump Tower meeting
* Steele dossier
* Crossfire Hurricane
* Classified information disclosures
* Russian election interference
* timeline until July 2016
* July 2016–election day
* transition period
* Special Counsel investigation
* Mueller report
* Barr letter
* Timeline of investigations
* transition period
* January–June 2017
* July–December 2017
* January–June 2018
* July–December 2018
* January–June 2019
* July–December 2019
* 2020–2021
* Impeachments
* efforts
* impeachment inquiry
* first impeachment
* first trial
* second impeachment
* second trial
* Photo op at St. John's Church
* Tulsa rally
* 2020 Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration
* White House COVID-19 outbreak
* Four Seasons Total Landscaping press conference
* 2020–21 U.S. election protests
* January 6 U.S. Capitol attack
* timeline
* aftermath
* continued protests
* reactions
* domestic
* international

Opposition|

* Lawsuits
* Protests
* timeline
* 2017 Women's March
* March for Science
* Impeachment March
* family separation policy protests

* v
* t
* e

(← 2016) 2020 United States presidential election (2024 →)

Joe Biden, Kamala Harris (D), 306 electoral votes; Donald Trump, Mike Pence (R), 232 electoral votes

* 2020 United States elections
* Polls
* national
* state
* Predictions
* Timeline
* after Election Day
* Debates
* Postal voting
* Social media
* Fundraising
* Electors
* Electoral College vote count
* Transition
* inauguration

| Democratic Party
▌IPO * ▌WFP|

* Primaries
* Candidates
* Debates
* Forums
* Results
* Convention (automatic delegates)
* Polls (national * state)
* Positions
* Endorsements
* VP candidate selection
* Unity Task Forces

Candidates|

* Nominee: Joe Biden
* campaign
* endorsements
* primary
* celebrity
* organizations
* Congress
* state & territorial officials
* municipal officials
* positions
* VP nominee: Kamala Harris
* positions

Withdrew during primaries
Michael Bennet
Michael Bloomberg

campaign
endorsements
positions
Pete Buttigieg

campaign
endorsements
positions
Tulsi Gabbard

campaign
positions
Amy Klobuchar

campaign
endorsements
positions
Deval Patrick
Bernie Sanders

campaign
endorsements
positions
media coverage
Tom Steyer
Elizabeth Warren

campaign
endorsements
positions
Andrew Yang

campaign
endorsements

Withdrew before primaries
Cory Booker

campaign
endorsements
positions
Steve Bullock
Julian Castro
Bill de Blasio
John Delaney

campaign
positions
Kirsten Gillibrand

positions
Mike Gravel

campaign
Kamala Harris

campaign
endorsements
positions
John Hickenlooper
Jay Inslee

campaign
Wayne Messam
Seth Moulton
Richard Ojeda
Beto O'Rourke

campaign
Tim Ryan
Joe Sestak
Eric Swalwell
Marianne Williamson

campaign

Republican Party
▌CPNYS * ▌RTLP|

* Primaries
* Results
* Debates
* Convention
* Polls

Candidates|

Incumbent nominee
Donald Trump

campaign
endorsements

political
non-political
positions
GOP opposition
GOP reactions to fraud claims
Incumbent VP nominee: Mike Pence

Withdrew during primaries
Rocky De La Fuente
Bob Ely
Jack Fellure
Zoltan Istvan
Joe Walsh

campaign
Bill Weld

campaign

Withdrew before primaries
Mark Sanford

campaign

Libertarian Party|

* Primaries
* Results
* Convention

Candidates|

Nominee
Jo Jorgensen

campaign
endorsements
VP nominee: Spike Cohen

Eliminated in balloting
Jim Gray
Jacob Hornberger
Adam Kokesh
John McAfee
John Monds
Vermin Supreme

campaign

Withdrew before or during primaries
Max Abramson
Lincoln Chafee
Zoltan Istvan

Formed exploratory committee but did not run
Justin Amash

Green Party
▌LMN * ▌SA * ▌SPUSA|

* Primaries
* Results
* Debates
* Convention

Candidates|

* Nominee: Howie Hawkins
* campaign
* endorsements
* VP nominee: Angela Walker

Withdrew during primaries
Dario Hunter

Other candidates
Jesse Ventura

Other third-party candidates

Alliance Party
▌AIP * ▌Reform|

* Nominee: Rocky De La Fuente
* VP nominee: Darcy Richardson
* AIP VP nominee: Kanye West

Other candidates
Max Abramson
Phil Collins

American Solidarity Party|

* Nominee: Brian T. Carroll

Other candidates
Joe Schriner

Birthday Party|

* Nominee: Kanye West
* campaign

Bread and Roses|

* Nominee: Jerome Segal

Constitution Party|

* Primaries
* Nominee: Don Blankenship

Party for Socialism & Liberation
▌LUP * ▌PFP|

* Nominee: Gloria La Riva
* VP nominee: Leonard Peltier (withdrew)

* Other candidates: Howie Hawkins

Progressive Party|

* Nominee: Dario Hunter

Prohibition Party|

* Nominee: Phil Collins

Socialist Action|

* Nominee: Jeff Mackler

Socialist Equality Party|

* Nominee: Joseph Kishore

Socialist Workers Party|

* Nominee: Alyson Kennedy

Independent candidates|

Declared
Pete Accetturo
Mark Charles
Brock Pierce (▌IPNY nominee)
Jade Simmons
Joe Schriner

Withdrew
Perry Caravello
Jeremy Gable
Ronnie Kroell

Disputes

| Attempts to overturn|

* Protests
* during inauguration week
* U.S. Capitol attack
* timeline
* aftermath
* second impeachment of Donald Trump
* trial
* January 6 commission
* reactions
* domestic
* international
* Trump–Raffensperger phone call
* Eastman memos

|

Lawsuits|

* Filed before Election Day
* Filed during or after Election Day
* Arizona
* Georgia
* Michigan
* Nevada
* Pennsylvania
* Wisconsin
* Texas v. Pennsylvania

Controversies|

* Russian interference
* Voting restrictions

* v
* t
* e

January 6 US Capitol protest

Background|

| US Capitol|

* United States Capitol Police
* Michael Fanone
* Eugene Goodman
* Steven Sund
* Timeline of prior security incidents

|

Election|

* 2020–21 presidential election protests
* 2021 Electoral College vote count
* Attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election
* Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud

Events|

* Timeline
* Law enforcement response
* Killing of Ashli Babbitt

Participants|

* Jake Angeli
* Joe Biggs
* Derrick Evans
* Tim "Baked Alaska" Gionet
* Simone Gold
* Couy Griffin
* Klete Keller
* Doug Mastriano
* Evan Neumann
* Ethan Nordean
* Dana Rohrabacher
* Rick Saccone
* Jon Schaffer
* John Earle Sullivan‎‎
* Donald Trump

Aftermath|

* 2021 U.S. inauguration week protests
* Companies that halted political contributions
* Reactions
* domestic
* international
* Second impeachment of Donald Trump
* trial
* Suicides
* Howard Liebengood
* Jeffrey L. Smith
* Proceedings
* January 6 commission
* House Select Committee
* criminal proceedings
* public hearings
* Thompson v. Trump
* Justice for J6 rally

Related|

* Alex Jones
* Ali Alexander
* Jericho March
* Nick Fuentes
* Oath Keepers
* Proud Boys
* QAnon
* Rudy Giuliani
* Social media use by Donald Trump
* Trumpism
* Day of Rage: How Trump Supporters Took the U.S. Capitol (2021)
* Four Hours at the Capitol (2021)
* Democratic backsliding in the United States
* Cincinnati FBI field office attack

* v
* t
* e

Impeachment in the United States

Article I of the United States Constitution (Impeachment Clause · Trial of Impeachment Clause)

Formal impeachments|

| President|

* Andrew Johnson
* first inquiry
* second inquiry
* trial
* Bill Clinton
* inquiry
* trial
* Donald Trump
* first impeachment
* inquiry
* trial
* second impeachment
* trial

|

SCOTUS Justice|

* Samuel Chase

Other judge|

* John Pickering
* James H. Peck
* West Hughes Humphreys
* Mark W. Delahay
* Charles Swayne
* Robert W. Archbald
* George W. English
* Harold Louderback
* Halsted L. Ritter
* Harry E. Claiborne
* Alcee Hastings
* Walter Nixon
* Samuel B. Kent
* Thomas Porteous

Member of Cabinet|

* William W. Belknap

Congressperson|

* William Blount

Efforts to impeach|

* Presidents
* James Buchanan
* Andrew Johnson
* Richard Nixon
* Bill Clinton
* George W. Bush
* Barack Obama
* Donald Trump
* Joe Biden
* Vice presidents
* Dick Cheney
* Unsuccessful efforts to impeach federal officials

Other|

* Impeachment investigations of federal officials
* Judges

In bold, impeachments leading to conviction. In italics, impeachments or attempts leading to resignation.
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