Transport in Pakistan

Overview of transport in Pakistan

Pakistan transport network

Transport in Pakistan (Urdu: پاکِستان میں نقل و حمل) is extensive and varied, and serves a population of over 212.2 million people. In recent years, new national highways have been built, with the addition of motorways which have improved trade and logistics within the country. Pakistan's rail network owned by Pakistan Railways is also undergoing expansion in recent years. Airports and seaports have been built with the addition of foreign and domestic funding.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Road
* 2.1 Motorways
* 2.2 National Highways
* 2.3 Expressways
* 2.4 Provincial Highways
* 2.5 Flyovers and Underpasses
* 2.6 Buses
* 2.7 Taxis
* 2.8 Cars
* 2.8.1 Future cars
* 2.9 Auto rickshaws
* 2.10 Motorcycling and ride-hailing
* 3 Metro
* 3.1 Train
* 3.2 Bus
* 3.3 Tram
* 3.4 Monorail
* 4 Rail
* 4.1 Domestic
* 4.2 High speed rail
* 4.3 Rail links with adjacent countries
* 4.4 Heritage
* 5 Air
* 6 Water
* 6.1 Ferries
* 7 Pipelines
* 8 China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
* 9 See also
* 10 References
* 11 External links

## History[edit | edit source]

Lahore Junction Railway Station, c.1895.

The history of transport in modern-day Pakistan dates back to the Indus Valley civilization.

The Grand Trunk Road was a major road commissioned by Sher Shah Suri in the 16th century and used during the Suri and Mughal periods. Trees were planted, and mosques and temples built along the road. Caravanserais were built for travelers to spend the night.

Railways and Airways were developed during the British Raj. The first railways in Pakistan were built from 1885.

## Road[edit | edit source]

Main article: Roads in Pakistan

Roadway network of Pakistan

### Motorways[edit | edit source]

Main article: Motorways of Pakistan

The motorway passes through the Salt Range mountains

The construction of motorways began in the early 1990s, with the idea of building a world-class road network and reducing the load on the heavily used national highways throughout the country. The M-2 was the first motorway completed in 1998, linking the cities of Islamabad and Lahore. In the past 5 years, many new motorways have opened up, including the M-1 and M-4. The M4 is operational and connects the cities of Pindi Bhatian (M-2), Faisalabad and Multan via Gojra, Toba Tek Singh, Jhang, Shorkot, Pir Mahal and Khanewal. In 2019 M-3 became operational, which connects Lahore with Multan through Abdul Hakeem and the existing M4 near Multan. It terminates at the M5, which became operational in 2019. The M-5 lead to the Sukkur District of Sindh. There, the M-6 (which is proposed with construction work to begin soon) will start; the M6 will end at Hyderabad, where it will meet the existing M9 motorway to Karachi. In addition to this, the M-8 in Baluchistan province, the longest motorway of Pakistan, is half under construction, half operational. In central Punjab, the Lahore-Sialkot Motorway (M-11) is under construction and will be operational by next year, and in KPK province, the Hakka-Dera Ismail Khan Motorway (M14) is also under construction. Swat Motorway has been completed and operational up to Chakdarra. Hazara Motorway one more expressway under construction in KPK province.

* Total: 263,775 km
* Paved: 152,033 km (Including 1600 km of Motorway and 300 km of Expressways)
* Unpaved: 105,650 km (2001)
* Vehicles on road: 4.2 million vehicles 250,000 commercial vehicles (2004 estimate)

### National Highways[edit | edit source]

Main article: National Highways of Pakistan

National Highways, Motorways & Strategic Roads of Pakistan.

Jingle trucks on Karakoram Highway

During the 1990s, Pakistan began an ongoing project to rebuild all national highways throughout the country specifically to important financial, cargo and textile centers. The National Highway Authority or NHA is responsible for the maintenance of all national highways in Pakistan.

* The Makran Coastal Highway follows the coast of Sindh and Balochistan provinces, linking Karachi and Gwadar. Journey time has been reduced to six or seven hours with the construction of the new Coastal Highway. The highway was built as part of an overall plan to improve transport facilities in southern Balochistan.
* The Karakoram Highway is the highest paved international road in the world. It connects China and Pakistan across the Karakoram mountain range, through the Khunjerab Pass.
* The Grand Trunk Road (commonly abbreviated to GT Road) is one of South Asia's oldest and longest major roads. For several centuries, it has linked the eastern and western regions of the South Asia, running from Teknaf in Bangladesh, entering West Bengal, India travelling across to north India, into Peshawar in Pakistan.
* The Silk Road is an extensive interconnected network of trade routes across the Asian continent connecting East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean world, including North Africa and Europe. It passes through the midsection of Pakistan through cities: Peshawar, Taxila and Multan.

### Expressways[edit | edit source]

Main article: Expressways of Pakistan

### Provincial Highways[edit | edit source]

* Provincial Highways of Azad Kashmir
* Provincial Highways of Balochistan
* Provincial Highways of Gilgit-Baltistan
* Provincial Highways of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
* Provincial Highways of Punjab
* Provincial Highways of Sindh

### Flyovers and Underpasses[edit | edit source]

Main article: List of flyovers in Pakistan

* Nagan Chowrangi Flyover, Karachi

* Azadi Chowk Flyover, Lahore

* Sufi Barkat Ali Flyover and Underpass, Faisalabad

Many flyovers and underpasses are located in major urban areas of the country to regulate the flow of traffic. The highest number of flyovers and under passes are located in Karachi, followed by Lahore.[1] Other cities having flyovers and underpasses for the regulation of flow of traffic includes Islamabad-Rawalpindi, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Multan, Peshawar, Hyderabad, Quetta, Sargodha, Bahawalpur, Sukkur, Larkana, Rahim Yar Khan and Sahiwal etc.[2][3][4][5]

Beijing Underpass, Lahore is the longest underpass of Pakistan with a length of about 1.3 km (0.81 mi).[6] Muslim Town Flyover, Lahore is the longest flyover of the country with a length of about 2.6 km (1.6 mi).[7]

### Buses[edit | edit source]

See also: List of bus routes in Lahore

Within cities, buses provide a significant role in commuting a large number of travelers from one city to another. Recently, large CNG buses have been put onto the streets of various cities, primarily Karachi and Lahore, and recently Islamabad, as the minivans which were originally used were beginning to cause large traffic problems. Private yellow and white minivans have services throughout cities in Pakistan and get commuters from one point of the city to the other at a low cost. Since 2000, however, the government has taken a comprehensive initiative to modernize the existing bus fleets and minimally impact the environment. This public-private enterprise would gradually introduce 8,000 CNG buses throughout the country and 800 buses in Karachi. This venture will ensure high standards of efficiency and cleanliness.[8]

* Inter city

Bus service in urban areas and between cities is well established with services run by both public and private sectors.

* International

International bus services are also well established in Pakistan and connect to various countries:

* Quetta-Zahidan, Iran
* Quetta-Mashad, Iran
* Gwadar-Zahidan, Iran
* Karachi-Quetta-Zahidan-Tehran, Iran (proposed)
* Peshawar-Jalalabad, Afghanistan
* Peshawar-Kabul, Afghanistan
* Islamabad-Dushanbe, Tajikistan (proposed)
* Islamabad-Kashghar, China (proposed)
* Gilgit-Kashgar see Karakoram Highway
* Lahore-Delhi, India
* Muzaffarabad-Srinagar, India

### Taxis[edit | edit source]

Another very common form of transport, seen mainly at hotels and airports, are yellow taxis. Drivers charge according to a meter located on the dashboard of the car, but fares can be negotiated if there is no meter. The cab drivers are reliable and will take passengers to any destination required.

There are also numerous privately run services that use cars and minibuses of various types throughout Pakistan, providing a reliable and quick means of transport. Recently, the Radio Cab was introduced in Pakistan, which allows riders to call a toll-free number to get in touch with the closest taxi stand. This service is currently offered in Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Karachi, Peshawar and Lahore. Services for Hyderabad and Faisalabad are now being set up. Another local cab service was introduced in August, 2017 with the name iCAB, claiming to be the first cab service of the country with a centralized platform for all kinds of road transportation services, providing app-based services and getting stupendous response from the people of Pakistan. Launched from the capital territory, iCAB will expand its operations to overall 13 cities of the country.

### Cars[edit | edit source]

Over the years, the number of cars on Pakistani roads has tripled. Traffic jams are a common scene in major cities across Pakistan. The most popular cars on Pakistani roads are the Suzuki Mehran, Suzuki Cultus, Suzuki Alto, Suzuki Bolan, Daihatsu Coure, Hyundai Santro, Honda Civic, Honda City, Honda Accord, Toyota Corolla, Daihatsu Mira, Nissan Dayz, and Toyota Vitz.

Luxury SUVs and cars are owned by the elite in urban cities and by many large landowners in the villages and rural areas, thus making them a fairly common sight in Pakistan. The most popular models are the Toyota Land Cruiser, Toyota Prado, Land Rover Range Rover, along with several Mercedes-Benzes, BMWs and Audis.

#### Future cars[edit | edit source]

Students and teachers from the National University of Science and Technology developed Pakistan's first ever hybrid gasoline car, the Devrim II, inspired by the Turkish model Devrim.[9] Before that, students from Naval College Karachi and Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute also made a successful hybrid car, but Devrim II is the most effective one. The group, the Pak-Wheelers, had succeeded in 2011 in developing a car with a fuel efficiency of 450 kilometres per liter, but were trying to improve it to more than 700 by using hybrid technology. [10][11]

### Auto rickshaws[edit | edit source]

Due to increasing environmental issues with older rickshaws, the government has heavily invested in greener, more fuel-efficient rickshaws

Auto rickshaws are a popular method of travelling in cities and are found in almost every city and town in Pakistan. The fare is usually negotiable before commencing a journey; however, due to the level of pollution contributed by auto-rickshaws, the government has recently begun banning older ones and replacing them with CNG auto rickshaws, which tend to be less noisy, form less pollutants and are much bigger and more comfortable. The Punjab government decided in 2005 to replace two-stroke three-wheelers with CNG-fitted four-stroke rickshaws in Lahore, Multan, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi and Gujranwala. Three manufacturers were ordered to produce 60,000 four-stroke vehicles, but they reportedly supplied 2,000 to the government which are now plying on city roads. Similar ordinances are now being considered in other provinces of Pakistan.

A new form of transport in Pakistan is the Qing-Qi (pronounced "ching-chee"), which is a cross between a motorcycle and auto-rickshaw. It runs just like a motorcycle but has three wheels instead of two and can carry a much heavier load. It is an urban transport vehicle and is used mostly for short distances.

### Motorcycling and ride-hailing[edit | edit source]

Motorcycling is another means of transportation in Pakistan. It is considered to be the most quickest way of getting to areas where vehicles cannot reach. There are also motorcycling operators in the cities. Some of them make use of helmet while others don't. There are also companies such as Bykea that offer ride-hailing services with bikes or motorcycles in Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi and others.[12] Ride-hailing services such as Uber and Careem are also available. In 2019, 2 more private ride-sharing services introduced specifically in the city of Karachi named Airlift and SWVL. Airlift is a Pakistan-based company while SWVL is an Egyptian company.

## Metro[edit | edit source]

Main article: List of rapid transit systems in Pakistan

### Train[edit | edit source]

Orange Line Metro Train, Lahore

* The Orange Line Metro Train is an automated rapid transit system in Lahore.[13][14] The Orange line is the first of the three proposed rail lines proposed for the Lahore Metro. The line spans 27.1 km (16.8 mi) with 25.4 km (15.8 mi) elevated and 1.72 km (1.1 mi) underground and have a cost of 251.06 billion Rupees ($1.6 billion).[15] The line consists of 26 subway stations and is designed to carry over 250,000 passengers daily.
* Karachi Circular Railway is a partially active regional public transit system in Karachi, which serves the Karachi metropolitan area. KCR was fully operational between 1969 and 1999. Since 2001, restoration of the railway and restarting the system had been sought.[16][17] In November 2020, the KCR partially revived operations.[18]

### Bus[edit | edit source]

Track of Islamabad-Rawalpindi Metrobus with adjoining station

* Lahore Metrobus is a bus rapid transit service operating in the city of Lahore.[19] The Metrobus network's first phase was opened in February, 2013.
* Rawalpindi-Islamabad Metrobus is a 83.6 km (51.9 mi) bus rapid transit system operating in the Islamabad Rawalpindi metropolitan area. The Metrobus network's first phase was opened on June 4, 2015, and stretches 22 kilometres between Pak Secretariat, in Islamabad, and Saddar in Rawalpindi. The system uses e-ticketing and an Intelligent Transportation System and is managed by the Punjab Mass Transit Authority.
* Multan Metrobus is a bus rapid transit (BRT) system in Multan.[20] Construction on the line began in May 2015, while operations commenced on 24 January 2017.[21]
* Peshawar Bus Rapid Transit (Peshawar BRT) is a bus rapid transit system by the Peshawar Development Authority (PDA) in Peshawar, capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The construction of the project was started in October 2017 and became operational on 13 August 2020.
* Green Line Metrobus is the first phase of Karachi Metrobus that is operational in Karachi. The Government of Pakistan is financing the majority of the project.[22] Construction of the Green Line began on February 26, 2016 and became operational on 25 December 2021.[23]
* Faisalabad shuttle train service and Faisalabad Metrobus are the proposed rapid transit projects in the city of Faisalabad. These projects are the part of a mega-project of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor.[24][25]

### Tram[edit | edit source]

* A tramway service was started in 1884 in Karachi but was closed in 1975 because of some reasons.[26][27] Sindh Government is planning to restart the tramway services in the city by the collaboration of Austrian experts.[28]
* In October 2019, a project for the construction of tramway service in Lahore has also been signed by the Punjab Government. This project will be launched under public-private partnership in a joint venture of European and Chinese companies along with the Punjab transport department.[29]

### Monorail[edit | edit source]

* The Government of Pakistan is proposing plans to start a Monorail system in the federal capital Islamabad.[30]

## Rail[edit | edit source]

Main articles: List of railway stations in Pakistan and List of railway lines in Pakistan

* Pakistan Railways Network

* Karachi Cantonment railway station

* Sahiwal railway station

* Khyber Express at Shahgai station

### Domestic[edit | edit source]

Rail services in Pakistan are provided by the state-run Pakistan Railways, under the supervision of the Ministry of Railways. Pakistan Railways provides an important mode of transportation in Pakistan, catering to the large-scale movement of people and freight. The railway network comprises 8,163 km[31] all of which is 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge, including 293 km of electrified track. Passenger earnings comprise 50% of the total revenue. During 1999–2000 this amounted to Rs. 4.8 billion.[citation needed] Pakistan Railways carry 65 million passengers annually and daily operate 228 mail, express and passenger trains.[citation needed] Pakistan Railways also operate special trains for various occasions. The Freight Business Unit with 12,000 personnel operates over 200 freight stations on the railway network. The FBU serves the Port of Karachi and Port Qasim as well as in various other stations along the network and generates revenue from the movement of agricultural, industrial and imported products such as wheat, coal, fertiliser, cement and sugar. About 39% of the revenue is generated from the transportation of petroleum, 19% from imported wheat, fertiliser and rock phosphate. The remaining 42% is earned from domestic traffic. The freight rate structure is based on market trends in road transport, which is the main competitor to rail transport.

### High speed rail[edit | edit source]

Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif said that a high-speed rail network will be built which will connect Peshawar to Karachi via all major cities of Pakistan during his visit to China in June 2016. The Government is making plans for this project. [32]

### Rail links with adjacent countries[edit | edit source]

India \- Thar Express to Karachi and the more famous Samjhauta Express international train from Lahore, Pakistan to Amritsar (Attari) and Delhi, India. The weekly Thar Express also runs between Karachi and Bhagat Ki Kothi (near Jodhpur, Rajasthan).

Iran \- A 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) railway line runs from Zahedan to Quetta, and a 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge line is finished from Zahedan to Kerman in central Iran, linking with the rest of the Iranian rail network. On May 18, 2007, a MOU for rail cooperation was signed by Pakistan and Iran under which the line will be completed by December 2008. Now that the rail systems are linked up at Zahedan, there is a break-of-gauge between the Islamic Republic of Iran Railways 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge tracks and Pakistan Railway's Indian gauge tracks.[33]

Afghanistan \- Currently there is no rail link to Afghanistan since no railway network is present in that country, however Pakistan Rail has proposed to help build an Afghan Rail Network in three phases. The first phase will stretch from the Chaman to Spin Boldak in Afghanistan. The second phase will extend line to Kandahar and the third phase will eventually connect to Herat. From there, the line will be extended to Khushka, Turkmenistan. The final phase would link 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) with Central Asian 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) Russian gauge. It is not clear where the break-of-gauge station will be.[34] The proposed line will also be connected the port town of Gwadar via Dalbadin and Taftan, thus connecting the port town to Central Asia.

China \- There is no link with China however, on 28 February 2007 contracts were awarded for feasibility studies on a proposed line from Havelian via the Khunjerab Pass at 4730 m above sea level, to the Chinese railhead at Kashgar, a distance of about 750 km.[35]

Turkmenistan \- Via Afghanistan (proposed) – avoiding 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge intervening.[36]

Turkey \- An Istanbul-Tehran-Islamabad passenger rail service was proposed recently.[37] Meanwhile, a container train service was launched by the former Prime Minister of Pakistan Yousuf Raza Gilani between Islamabad and Istanbul on 14 August 2009. The first train carried 20 containers with a capacity of around 750 t (738 long tons; 827 short tons) [38] and will travel 6,500 km (4,000 mi) from Islamabad, through Tehran, Iran and on to Istanbul in two weeks' time.[39] According to the Minister for Railways Ghulam Ahmad Bilour, after the trial of the container train service, a passenger train will be launched.[40] There are also hopes the route will eventually provide a link to Europe and Central Asia, and carry passengers.[41]

### Heritage[edit | edit source]

In Ghangha Pur, a 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge horse-drawn tramway is operational.[42] It was first opened in 1898, closed in 1998, and re-opened in 2010.[43]

## Air[edit | edit source]

Main articles: Airlines of Pakistan and List of airports in Pakistan

* Airports and Seaports of Pakistan

* Terminal of Islamabad International Airport

* Boeing 737 owned and operated by Pakistan International Airlines (PIA). PIA operates scheduled services to 70 domestic destinations and 34 international destinations in 27 countries.

Pakistan has 151 airports. The major airports are:

* Jinnah International Airport (Karachi)
* Allama Iqbal International Airport (Lahore)
* Islamabad International Airport (Islamabad)
* Peshawar International Airport (Peshawar)
* Quetta International Airport (Quetta)
* Skardu International Airport (Skardu)
* Faisalabad International Airport (Faisalabad)
* Multan International Airport (Multan)
* Sialkot International Airport (Sialkot)
* Dera Ghazi Khan International Airport (D.G.Khan)
* Gwadar International Airport (Gwadar)
* Shaikh Zayed International Airport (Rahim Yar Khan)

There are also several smaller airports which have flights to and from the Gulf because of the large Pakistani diaspora working in the region. There are 91 airports with paved runways, of which 14 have runways longer than 3,047 meters. The remaining 48 airports have unpaved runways including one airport with a runway longer than 3,047 meters. Pakistan also has eighteen heliports.

## Water[edit | edit source]

* Port of Karachi is one of South Asia's largest and busiest deep-water seaports, handling about 60% of the nation's cargo (25 million tons per annum).

* Gwadar Port 2018.jpg

Gwadar Port is the deepest sea port of the world.[44]

* Located in the city of Karachi, Port Qasim is Pakistan's second busiest sea port, handling about 30% of the nation's cargo (14 million tons per annum).

The waterway network in Pakistan is in its infancy, with Karachi being the only major city situated next to the Arabian Sea. Still, plans are being proposed for the development of the waterways in the country along the Indus River and through the Punjab as it would boost employment opportunities and the economic and social development of Pakistan.

* Port of Gwadar – Gwadar, Balochistan
* Port of Karachi – Karachi (City Centre), Sindh

* Karachi International Container Terminal (KICT)
* Pakistan International Container Terminal (PICT)

* Port Qasim – East Karachi, Sindh
* Port of Pasni – Pasni, Balochistan

### Ferries[edit | edit source]

* Ferry services run between Kimari and Minora Island in Karachi.
* Karachi used to have a ferry connection with City of Mumbai in India until the 1960s, but it was later discontinued when both the countries went into war.
* A cruise service called Gulf Dream Cruise began between Karachi and Dubai in 2006, but it wasn't able to go beyond its first sailing due to visa issues imposed by the UAE authorities.
* In 2020, Pakistan announced its plans to launch a ferry service in near future linking Pakistan through Karachi and Gwadar to Iran, Oman, UAE, and Iraq.[45]

## Pipelines[edit | edit source]

* Length of pipelines for crude oil is 2,011 km (1,250 mi).
* Length of Petroleum products pipeline is 787 km (489 mi).
* Length of Natural gas pipelines is 10,402 km (6,464 mi).

The above information was calculated in 2009.[31]

## China-Pakistan Economic Corridor[edit | edit source]

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is an under-construction development program to connect Gwadar Port in southern Pakistan to China's northwestern autonomous region of Xinjiang via highways, railways[46] and pipelines to transport oil and gas. Chinese Premier Li Keqiang was among the first advocates of the project; since then General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xi Jinping, former Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari and Pakistani prime minister Nawaz Sharif have become strong supporters of the project.[47] When the corridor is constructed, it will serve as a primary gateway for trade between China and the Middle East and Africa; in particular, oil from the Middle East could be offloaded at Gwadar, which is located just outside the mouth of the Persian Gulf, and transported to China through the Baluchistan province in Pakistan. Such a link would vastly shorten the 12,000-kilometre route that Mideast oil supplies must now take to reach Chinese ports.[48]

The project received a major boost when control of Gwadar was transferred to China's state-owned China Overseas Ports Holding in February 2013. Built by Chinese workers and opened in 2007, Gwadar is undergoing a major expansion to turn it into a full-fledged, deep-water commercial port. On 19 February 2014, the South China Morning Post reported that Pakistan and China have signed agreements for constructing an international airport at Gwadar, for upgrading a section of the 1,300-kilometre Karakorum Highway connecting to Islamabad, and for a fibre-optic cable to be laid from the Chinese border to the Pakistani city of Rawalpindi.[49] [50] According to The Diplomat, with the development of the corridor, Central Asia, traditionally an economically closed region owing to its geography and lack of infrastructure, will have greater access to the sea and to the global trade network.[51] Pak-China Economic Corridor Secretariat was inaugurated in Islamabad on August 27, 2013.[52]

## See also[edit | edit source]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Transport in Pakistan.

* Motorways of Pakistan
* National Highways of Pakistan
* Buses in Pakistan
* Customised buses and trucks in Pakistan
* List of bus routes in Lahore
* Road signs in Pakistan
* List of bridges in Pakistan
* Airlines of Pakistan
* Pakistan International Airlines
* Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority
* Port of Karachi

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ^ "Work begins on three more flyovers in Karachi". The Express Tribune. 25 October 2018.
2. ^ "CM to inaugurate 6th road flyover today | Pakistan Today". www.pakistantoday.com.pk.
3. ^ "Infrastructure: Jhal flyover near completion, says minister". The Express Tribune. 5 June 2016.
4. ^ "Flyover". Flyover.
5. ^ "Flyover in Bahawalpur". DAWN.COM. 19 November 2005.
6. ^ "Pakistan's longest underpass opens in Lahore". gulfnews.com.
7. ^ "Say Justapedia to the country's largest flyover! | Pakistan Today". www.pakistantoday.com.pk.
8. ^ "Imran Khan sworn-in as PM Pakistan". PakTribune. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
9. ^ "NUST Students Design Pakistan's First-ever Hybrid Car".
10. ^ Objectives of Pak-Wheelers Archived 2011-03-09 at the Wayback Machine
11. ^ "NUST students design country's first-ever hybrid car". The Express Tribune. 26 April 2010.
12. ^ Jamil, Ahmed (6 May 2019). "Is Bykea the first next? Pakistani unicorn in the making?". profit.pakistantoday.com.pk. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
13. ^ "Good news on track: Lahore to get Pakistan’s first metro train", Express Tribune, Lahore, 23 March 2014. Retrieved on 20 October 2014.
14. ^ "Development agenda: Lahore metro train gets green signal". Express Tribune. 14 May 2015.
15. ^ "Norinco Technical Proposal" (PDF). January 2016. p. 12\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
16. ^ "Chairman Railways visits KCR track". The Nation. 10 August 2020.
17. ^ "Supreme Court gives four more months to overhaul railways". The Express Tribune. 20 August 2020.
18. ^ "Karachi Circular Railway begins partial operations". DAWN.COM. 19 November 2020.
19. ^ "Metro Bus Lahore Pakistan -Rapid Bus Transport". pakvisit.com. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
20. ^ "Work on Multan Metro Bus to Begin on August 14". The Nation. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
21. ^ "Prime Minister inaugurates Multan Metrobus". Dawn News. 24 January 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
22. ^ "Ground-breaking ceremony: Green Line BRT finally gets go-ahead - The Express Tribune". The Express Tribune. 26 February 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
23. ^ Dawn.com (26 February 2016). "Karachi's Green Line bus will be more beautiful than Lahore metro: PM Nawaz". www.dawn.com. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
24. ^ "Special shuttle train service to be launched for workers of CPEC SEZ". Daily Times. 20 January 2020.
25. ^ "CM to take metro bus to Faisalabad - Daily Times". Daily Times. 15 April 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
26. ^ Adnan, Imran (1 April 2019). "OLMT project to face further delay". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 2 April 2019. "As per the direction of the apex court, he said, the civil works of the project will be completed by end of July 2019. But the project will not enter into commercial operations by August or November 2019."
27. ^ "Manufacturing of orange trains starts, says Kh Hassan". The News. 26 May 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2017. "Latest technology will be employed for fabricating these trains and the rolling-stock will be fully computerised, automatic and driverless."
28. ^ "Karachi is Planning to Restart Tram Services". propakistani.pk. 2 January 2019.
29. ^ Hasnain, Khalid (18 October 2019). "MoU signed for tram service in Lahore". DAWN.COM.
30. ^ "Chinese firm sees monorail service feasible". Express Tribune. 10 October 2020.
31. ^ a b The Central Intelligence Agency. "World Factbook – Pakistan". Retrieved 28 June 2007.
32. ^ Smith, Nicola (9 May 2013). "Sharif whisks Pakistan forward with high speed train". Times Newspapers. The Times & The Sunday Times. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
33. ^ Railway Gazette International
34. ^ "Govt considers railway links with central Asia".
35. ^ Associated Press of Pakistan. "PR signs deal with foreign firm for pre-feasibility study of Pakistan-China rail link". Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 28 June 2007.
36. ^ Dr John Stubbs (1 January 2007). "Closing the gap from Bam to Zahedan". Railway Gazette International. Archived from the original on 21 December 2010.
37. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2009.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
38. ^ "First container train service from Islamabad to Turkey begins Today". Pakistan Times. 15 August 2009. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2009.
39. ^ "Leading News Resource of Pakistan". Daily Times. Retrieved 15 August 2009.
40. ^ "Pakistan | PM launches trial phase of Pak-Turkey train service". Dawn.Com. Retrieved 15 August 2009.
41. ^ "Pakistan–Turkey rail trial starts". BBC News. 14 August 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2009.
42. ^ "Trams of the World 2017" (PDF). Blickpunkt Straßenbahn. 24 January 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
43. ^ "Ghora Tram: Historic Horse Tram Returns to Gangapur". 10 March 2010.
44. ^ "GWADAR PORT PAKISTAN". www.gwadarinfo.com. Archived from the original on 30 August 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
45. ^ Abrar, Mian (8 September 2020). "Pakistan to launch int'l ferry service linking Iran, Iraq, UAE".
46. ^ "Pak-China Economic Corridor to get high-speed railway track". Archived from the original on 19 October 2014.
47. ^ Tiezzi, Shannon. "China, Pakistan Flesh Out New 'Economic Corridor'". thediplomat.com.
48. ^ "Pak-China ties: Gawadar port one part of a larger plan". The Express Tribune. 12 August 2013.
49. ^ "China and Pakistan pave way for 'economic corridor'".
50. ^ "China, Pakistan to accelerate 'economic corridor' construction | Pakistan Today". www.pakistantoday.com.pk.
51. ^ "The Pakistan-China Corridor". thediplomat.com.
52. ^ "Government to upgrade PTV channels to HD: Fawad Chaudhry". www.thenews.com.pk.

## External links[edit | edit source]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Transport in Pakistan.

* Sindh Transport Department official website
* Pakistan Railways official website
* Karachi Port Trust website
* Daewoo Bus Service
* Pakistan International Airlines website
* Pakistan National Highway Authority website
* Pakistani railways map at the United Nations
* Transport map of Pakistan at Relief Web

This article incorporates public domain material from World Factbook. CIA.

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Airlines of Pakistan

Full service|

* Airblue
* AirSial
* PIA
* SereneAir

Low Cost|

* Fly Jinnah

Cargo|

* TCS Aviation
* Air Falcon

Defunct|

* Aero Asia
* Bhoja Air
* Orient Airways
* Pak Airways
* Rayyan Air
* Shaheen Air

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Transport in Asia

Sovereign states|

* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* China
* Cyprus
* East Timor (Timor-Leste)
* Egypt
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Israel
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* North Korea
* South Korea
* Kuwait
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* Maldives
* Mongolia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Qatar
* Russia
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* Sri Lanka
* Syria
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Turkey
* Turkmenistan
* United Arab Emirates
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yemen

States with
limited recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Artsakh
* Northern Cyprus
* Palestine
* South Ossetia
* Taiwan

Dependencies and
other territories|

* British Indian Ocean Territory
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Hong Kong
* Macau

* Category
* Asia portal

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Economy of Pakistan

Companies|

* KMI 30 Index
* KSE 30 Index
* KSE 100 Index
* State-owned enterprises

Currency,
governance,
regulation|

* State Bank of Pakistan
* Governor of State Bank of Pakistan
* Budget
* Finance ministry
* Finance Minister of Pakistan
* Pakistani rupee
* Banknotes
* Coinage
* Taxation
* Federal Board of Revenue
* Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
* Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan

History|

* Numbering system
* Five-Year Plans
* Nationalization
* Privatization
* Corporation
* Islamic economization
* Economic Liberalization
* Medium Term Development Framework
* Periods of stagflation
* National debt of Pakistan
* circular debt
* Pakistan and the International Monetary Fund
* Foreign aid to Pakistan

Transportation|

* Airlines
* Airports
* Bridges
* Motorways
* National highways
* Railways
* Railway stations
* Dry ports
* Seaports
* Vehicle plates

Sectors|

| Resource and
production|

* Renewable energy
* Solar power
* Wind power
* Nuclear power
* Fuel extraction
* Food
* Agriculture
* Rice production
* Tea
* Livestock
* Fishery
* Materials
* Forestry
* Mining

|

Financial
services|

* Banking
* List of banks
* Insurance
* KIBOR
* Pakistan Stock Exchange

Other|

* Education
* Entertainment and Media
* Cinema
* Newspapers
* Radio
* Television
* Music
* Healthcare in Pakistan
* AIDS
* Hospitals
* Manufacturing
* Aerospace
* Automotive
* Defence
* Pharmaceuticals
* Real estate
* Science and technology
* Internet
* Telecommunications
* Transport
* Books and publishing
* Cottage and small scale
* Forestry
* Information technology
* Textile
* Tobacco
* Tourism
* Medical tourism
* Mobile phone

People
and labour|

* Billionaires
* Businesspeople
* Demography
* Labour force
* Child labour
* Poverty
* Pensions
* Trades unions
* Unemployment

Domestic economies|

* Azad Kashmir
* Balochistan
* FATA
* Gilgit-Baltistan
* Islamabad
* Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
* Punjab
* Faisalabad
* Lahore
* Rawalpindi
* Sindh (Karachi)

Central business districts|

* Central business districts
* I. I. Chundrigar Road
* Blue Area
* Gulberg, Lahore
* Saddar
* Serai Quarter

See also|

* Central business districts
* Foreign trade
* International ranking
* Provinces by GDP
* Pakistanis by net worth
* Standard of living

Category

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Pakistan articles

History

| Ancient|

* Stone age
* Soanian
* Mehrgarh
* Indus Valley
* Indo-Iranics
* Indo-Aryan
* Achaemenid
* Greco-Bactrian
* Maurya
* Gandhara
* Indo-Greek
* Indo-Scythians
* Indo-Parthian
* Kushan
* Indo-Sassanid

|

Medieval|

* Indo-Hephthalite
* Kambojas
* Rai dynasty
* Shahi
* Pala
* Solanki
* Muhammad ibn al-Qasim
* Ghaznavid
* Ghurid
* Mamluk
* Khalji
* Tughlaq
* Sayyid
* Lodi
* Timurid

Modern|

| Pre-colonial|

* Mughal
* East India Company
* Durrani
* Sikh Confederacy
* Sikh Empire
* First Anglo-Afghan War
* First Anglo-Sikh War
* Second Anglo-Sikh War
* Rebellion

|

Colonial|

* British Raj
* Second Anglo-Afghan War
* Durand Line
* Third Anglo-Afghan War
* Aligarh Movement
* Hindi–Urdu controversy
* Pakistan Movement
* Muslim League
* Two nation theory
* Jinnah's 14 Points
* Lahore Resolution
* Direct Action Day
* Partition
* Independence

Dominion|

* Dominion of Pakistan
* Monarchy of Pakistan
* Governor-General
* Princely states
* 1947 War
* Liaquat–Nehru Pact
* Baghdad Pact

Republic|

* 1947–present
* Indus Treaty
* 1965 War
* Non-cooperation movement
* 1971 War
* Project-706
* Islamisation
* Baloch insurgency
* Kargil War
* Liberalization
* Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Geography

| Features|

* Beaches
* Deserts
* Glaciers
* Islands
* Lakes
* Mountains
* Passes
* Rivers
* Topography
* Valleys
* Waterfalls
* Wetlands

|

Areas|

* Arabian Sea
* Gwadar Bay
* Indus Plain
* Pothohar Plateau
* Salt Range
* Sistan Basin

Geology|

* Coal fields
* Gas fields
* Minerals
* Oil fields
* Volcanoes
* Floods

Environment|

* Botanical gardens
* Ecoregions
* Climate change
* Environmental issues
* Forests
* Protected areas
* national parks
* game reserves
* sanctuaries
* Wildlife
* flora
* fauna
* Zoos

Other topics|

* Archaeological sites
* Borders
* Climate
* weather records
* Borders
* Natural disasters
* earthquakes
* floods
* Subdivisions
* provinces
* districts
* cities
* World Heritage Sites

Governance

| State|

* President
* National Security Council (C2NS
* AEDB
* ECC
* NCA)

|

Government|

* National government
* Cabinet
* Ministries
* Prime Minister
* Provincial governments
* Governors
* Chief Ministers
* Local government
* Union councils

Legislative|

* Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora)
* Senate (upper house)
* Chairman
* National Assembly (lower house)
* Speaker
* Provincial assemblies
* Jirga (tribal assembly)

Judicial|

* Supreme Council
* Supreme Court
* Chief Justice
* Shariat Court
* High Courts
* District Courts

Politics|

* Elections
* Foreign relations
* Feudalism

* Intelligence community
* Political parties
* Martial law

Law|

* Constitution
* LFO
* PPC
* WPB
* PCO
* Human rights
* Enforced disappearance
* LGBT
* LGBT history
* Law enforcement
* Police
* Crime Investigation (CID)
* Anti-Narcotics (ANF)
* Capital punishment
* Terrorism
* State terrorism

Military|

* History
* Army
* Air force
* Navy
* Marines
* Coast Guards
* Paramilitary
* Nuclear

Economy

| Infrastructure|

* Electricity
* Thermal
* Hydro
* nuclear
* solar
* wind
* Foreign aid
* Fuel extraction
* Housing
* Planning Commission
* Post
* Poverty
* Tallest buildings
* Telecommunications
* Pakistan Remote Sensing Satellite
* Transportation
* bridges
* Water management
* Water supply and sanitation

|

Industry|

* Aerospace
* Agriculture
* Defence
* Automotive
* Fishery
* Forestry
* Husbandry
* Labour
* child
* Media
* Mining
* Pharmaceuticals
* Textiles
* Silk
* Tourism

Commerce|

* Banking
* banks
* Companies
* Investment board
* Rupee (currency)
* Securities & Exchange Commission
* Stock markets
* Trading Corporation

Policy programmes|

* Corporatisation
* Directive investment
* Industrialisation
* Military economisation
* Nationalisation
* Privatisation
* Public-private partnering
* Redundant Islamic economisation

Society and culture

| Society|

* Aurat March
* British heritage
* Crime
* Culture
* Education
* institutions
* Feudalism
* Feminism
* Gender discrimination
* Healthcare
* hospitals
* Human rights
* LGBT
* Marriage
* Media
* Me Too
* Naming
* Pakistanis (list)
* Prostitution
* Religion
* Time
* Urbanisation
* Women

|

Demographics|

* Diaspora
* Ethnicity
* Immigration
* Languages
* Urdu

Arts|

* Architecture
* Cinema
* films
* Dance
* Festivals
* Folklore
* Literature
* Mushaira
* Music
* Philosophy
* Textiles
* Theatre

Lifestyle|

* Clothing
* Shalwar kameez
* Mehndi
* Cuisine
* Etiquette
* Gun culture
* Nationalism
* flags
* public holidays
* songs
* symbols

Sports|

* Athletics
* Baseball
* Boxing
* Cricket
* Cycling
* Field hockey
* Football
* Gillidanda
* Golf
* Kabaddi
* Motorsport
* Marathon (Lahore)
* Olympics
* Paralympics
* Polo
* Rugby
* Squash
* Swimming
* Tennis

Places|

* Botanical gardens
* Cemeteries
* Churches
* Forts
* Gurdwaras
* Hindu temples
* Libraries
* Mausolea and shrines
* Mosques
* Museums
* Parks
* Stadiums
* World Heritage Sites
* Zoos

* Basic topics
* Category
* Portal
* Commons

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Railway stations in Pakistan

Railway stations by province

Balochistan|

* Aab-e-gum
* Ahmedwal
* Alam Reg
* Alozai
* Azad
* Badinzai
* Bakhtiarabad Domki
* Beleli
* Bostan Junction
* Chaman
* Churmian
* Dalbandin
* Damboli
* Dera Allah Yar
* Dera Murad Jamali
* Dingra
* Dozan
* Galangur
* Gat
* Gulistan
* Hirok
* Kan Mehtarzai
* Khanai
* Khan Muhammad Chah
* Kila Saifullah
* Kishingi
* Koh-e-Taftan
* Kolpur
* Kuchlak
* Mach
* Mangoli
* Mirjaveh
* Mushkaf
* Muslimbagh
* Nok Kundi
* Nushki
* Nuttall
* Padag Road
* Perak
* Pehro Kunri
* Panir
* Peshi
* Qilla Abdullah
* Quetta
* Sar-i-Ab
* Sheikh Mandah
* Sheikh Wasil
* Sibi Junction
* Spezand Junction
* Shela Bagh
* Tozghi
* Wali Khan
* Yakmach
* Yaru
* Zhob

Tribal Areas|

* Bagiarari
* Chaghi
* Jamrud
* Kata Kushta
* Landi Khana
* Landi Kotal
* Medanak
* Shahgai
* Sultan Khel
* Torra Tigga
* Zintara

Capital Territory|

* Golra Sharif Junction
* Islamabad

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|

* Akora Khattak
* Baldher
* Burhan
* Charsadda
* Dargai
* Daud Khel Junction
* Faqirabad
* Gujar Garhi
* Hathiyan
* Hayat Sher Pao Shahid
* Haripur Hazara
* Havelian
* Isa Khel
* Jhangira Road
* Kalabagh
* Kalpani
* Kamar Mashani
* Khairabad Kund
* Khushhal
* Kot Najib Ullah
* Lakki Marwat Junction
* Mardan Junction
* Mari Indus
* Nasarpur
* Nowshera Junction
* Peshawar City
* Peshawar Cantonment
* Pir Piai
* Pabbi
* Rashkai
* Risalpur Cantonment
* Rumian
* Sakhakot
* Sanjwal
* Serai Saleh
* Takht-I-Bhai
* Taru Jabba
* Trag

Punjab|

* Attock City Junction
* Attock Khurd
* Bahawalpur
* Chiniot
* Dandot RS
* Faisalabad
* Gujar Khan
* Gujrat
* Jallo
* Jhang Sadar
* Jhelum
* Khanewal Junction
* Khanpur
* Khewra
* Lahore Junction
* Lahore Cantonment
* Liaquat Pur
* Moghalpura Junction
* Mudduki
* Multan Cantonment
* Okara railway station
* Pind Dadan Khan
* Rahim Yar Khan
* Rawalpindi
* Sargodha Junction
* Sialkot Junction
* Tariqabad
* Vehari
* Wagah

Sindh|

* Abad
* Allahdino Sand
* Arian Road
* Badin
* Bandhi
* Begmanji
* Bero Chandia
* Bhiria Road
* Bholari
* Bhurgari
* Bin Qasim
* Braudabad
* Bucheri
* Chor
* Dabheji
* Daharki
* Daur
* Departure Yard
* Detha
* Drigh Road
* Garhi Khairo
* Gambat
* Ghotki
* Gosarji
* Habib Kot
* Hyderabad Junction
* Jacobabad Junction
* Jalal Marri
* Jamrao Junction
* Jhimpir
* Jummah Goth
* Jungshahi
* Kambar
* Karachi Cantonment
* Karachi City
* Khairpur
* Khokhrapar
* Kiamari
* Kotri Junction
* Kot Lalloo
* Lakha Road
* Landhi Junction
* Larkana Junction
* Lundo
* Machi Goth
* Mando Dairo
* Mahesar
* Mahrabpur Junction
* Malir Cantonment
* Matli
* Meting
* Mirpur Mathelo
* Mirpur Khas
* Nawabshah Junction
* Norai Sharif
* Oderolal
* Pad Idan Junction
* Pano Akil
* Palijani
* Pir Muhammad Metlo Halt
* Pir Katpar
* Pithoro Junction
* Rashidabad Halt
* Ran Pethani
* Ranipur Riyasat
* Reti
* Rohri Junction
* Sarhad
* Sangi
* Sarhari
* Setharja
* Shahdadpur
* Shikarpur
* Silra Shahdadkot
* Sukkur
* Sultanabad
* Sultankot
* Talhar
* Tando Allahyar
* Tando Adam Junction
* Tando Jam
* Tando Muhammad
* Tando Mustikhan
* Usta Muhammad
* Wahab Shah
* Walhar
* Zero Point

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