Acute myeloid leukemia history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2], Carlos A Lopez, M.D. [3], Shyam Patel [4]; Grammar Reviewer: Natalie Harpenau, B.S.[5]

## Overview[edit | edit source]

Important components of the history of acute myeloid leukemia include assessment of pre-existing hematologic conditions, exposure to prior chemotherapy or radiation, occupational exposures, and congenital disorders. Symptoms include fever, fatigue, infections, and bleeding. These symptoms are a result of impaired normal blood cell production.

## History and Symptoms[edit | edit source]

### History[edit | edit source]

History about the following should be inquired while diagnosing acute myeloid leukemia:

* History of pre-existing hematological disorder (e.g. aplastic anemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, myelofibrosis, myelodysplastic syndrome)
* History of exposure to anti-cancer chemotherapy agents, especially alkylating agents, topoisomerase inhibitors, or platinum-containing agents
* History of exposure to ionizing radiation
* History of occupational exposure to benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons
* History of any congenital disorders (e.g. Down syndrome, Bloom syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome)

### Symptoms[edit | edit source]

In acute myeloid leukemia symptoms are due to an increased number of malignant white blood cells displacing or otherwise interfering with production of normal blood cells in the bone marrow. A lack of normal white blood cell production makes the patient susceptible to infections; while the leukemic cells themselves are derived from white blood cell precursors, they have no infection-fighting capacity.[1] A lack of red blood cells (anemia) can cause fatigue, paleness, and shortness of breath. A lack of platelets can lead to easy bruising or bleeding with minor trauma.

Patients usually present with the following symptoms:

* Fever
* Fatigue
* Weight loss
* Loss of appetite
* Shortness of breath with exertion
* Easy bruising or bleeding
* Bleeding gums
* Bone pain
* Joint pain
* Persistent or frequent infections

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ Hoffman, Ronald et al. (2005), pp. 1074-75.

Template:Hematology

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Myeloid Hematological malignancy/leukemia histology (ICD-O 9590-9989, C81-C96, 200-208)

CFU-GM/
and other granulocytes|

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MEP|

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CFU-Mast|

Mastocytoma (Mast cell leukemia, Mast cell sarcoma, Systemic mastocytosis)

Multiple/unknown|

AML (Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis, Myeloid sarcoma) * MP (Myelofibrosis) * Acute biphenotypic leukaemia

See also hematology, lymphoid malignancy

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