Adenosine diphosphate

Template:Chembox new

WikiDoc Resources for Adenosine diphosphate

Articles

Most recent articles on Adenosine diphosphate

Most cited articles on Adenosine diphosphate

Review articles on Adenosine diphosphate

Articles on Adenosine diphosphate in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Adenosine diphosphate

Images of Adenosine diphosphate

Photos of Adenosine diphosphate

Podcasts & MP3s on Adenosine diphosphate

Videos on Adenosine diphosphate

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Adenosine diphosphate

Bandolier on Adenosine diphosphate

TRIP on Adenosine diphosphate

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Adenosine diphosphate at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Adenosine diphosphate

Clinical Trials on Adenosine diphosphate at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Adenosine diphosphate

NICE Guidance on Adenosine diphosphate

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Adenosine diphosphate

CDC on Adenosine diphosphate

Books

Books on Adenosine diphosphate

News

Adenosine diphosphate in the news

Be alerted to news on Adenosine diphosphate

News trends on Adenosine diphosphate

Commentary

Blogs on Adenosine diphosphate

Definitions

Definitions of Adenosine diphosphate

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Adenosine diphosphate

Discussion groups on Adenosine diphosphate

Patient Handouts on Adenosine diphosphate

Directions to Hospitals Treating Adenosine diphosphate

Risk calculators and risk factors for Adenosine diphosphate

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Adenosine diphosphate

Causes & Risk Factors for Adenosine diphosphate

Diagnostic studies for Adenosine diphosphate

Treatment of Adenosine diphosphate

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Adenosine diphosphate

International

Adenosine diphosphate en Espanol

Adenosine diphosphate en Francais

Business

Adenosine diphosphate in the Marketplace

Patents on Adenosine diphosphate

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Adenosine diphosphate

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

## Overview

[edit | edit source]

Adenosine diphosphate, abbreviated ADP, is a nucleotide. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleotide adenine. ADP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine.

ADP is the product of ATP dephosphorylation by ATPases. ADP is converted back to ATP by ATP synthases. ATP is an important energy transfer molecule in cells.

ADP is stored in dense bodies inside blood platelets and is released upon platelet activation. ADP interacts with a family of ADP receptors found on platelets (P2Y1, P2Y12 and P2X1), leading to further platelet activation.[1] ADP in the blood is converted to adenosine by the action of ecto-ADPases, inhibiting further platelet activation via adenosine receptors. The anti-platelet drug Plavix (clopidogrel) inhibits the P2Y12 receptor.

ADP is the end-product that results when ATP loses one of its phosphate groups located at the end of the molecule.[2] The conversion of these two molecules plays a critical role in supplying energy for many processes of life.[3] The deletion of one of ATP’s phosphorous bonds generates about the same amount of energy derived from human digestion of a single peanut, approximately 7.3 kilocalories per Mole of ATP.[4] ADP can be converted, or powered back to ATP through the process of releasing the chemical energy available in food; in humans this is constantly performed via aerobic respiration in the mitochondria.[5] Plants use photosynthetic pathways to convert and store the energy from sunlight, via conversion of ADP to ATP.[6] Animals use the energy released in the breakdown of glucose and other molecules to convert ADP to ATP, which can then be used to fuel necessary growth and cell maintenance.[7]

## See also

[edit | edit source]

* Nucleoside
* Nucleotide
* DNA
* RNA
* Oligonucleotide
* Adenosine triphosphate
* Apyrase

## References

[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ Murugappa S, Kunapuli SP, "The role of ADP receptors in platelet function", Front Biosci., 2006, 11:1977-86
2. ↑ Nave, C.R. Adenosine Triphosphate. Georgia State University: Hyper Physics [serial on the Internet]. 2005 [cited 2007 December 7]. Available from: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/atp.html
3. ↑ Nave, C.R. Adenosine Triphosphate. Georgia State University: Hyper Physics [serial on the Internet]. 2005 [cited 2007 December 7]. Available from: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/atp.html
4. ↑ Farabee, M.J. The Nature of ATP. ATP and Biological Energy [serial on the Internet]. 2002 [cited 2007 December 7]. Available from: http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookATP.html
5. ↑ Nave, C.R. Adenosine Triphosphate. Georgia State University: Hyper Physics [serial on the Internet]. 2005 [cited 2007 December 7]. Available from: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/atp.html
6. ↑ Farabee, M.J. The Nature of ATP. ATP and Biological Energy [serial on the Internet]. 2002 [cited 2007 December 7]. Available from: http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookATP.html
7. ↑ Nave, C.R. Adenosine Triphosphate. Georgia State University: Hyper Physics [serial on the Internet]. 2005 [cited 2007 December 7]. Available from: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/atp.html

Template:Nucleic acids

Template:WH Template:WS