Amyloidosis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Shaghayegh Habibi, M.D.[2]

## Overview

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Hereditary amyloidosis can be caused by genetic mutations in different genes. Causes of acquired amyloidosis can include tuberculosis, familial Mediterranean fever, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple myeloma, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis.

## Causes

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### Causes of Hereditary Amyloidosis

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Genetic mutations responsible for the development of amyloidosis can involve the following genes:[1]

* LYZ gene
* Fibrinogen A alpha polypeptide gene
* FGA gene
* APOA1 gene
* Lysozyme gene
* B2M gene

### Causes of Acquired Amyloidosis

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* Most common causes of acquired amyloidosis include:[2]

*     * Tuberculosis (50%)
* Familial Mediterranean fever (26 - 40%)
* Rheumatoid arthritis (20 - 25%)
* Multiple myeloma (10 - 15%)

* Less common causes of acquired amyloidosis include:[3][4][5]

*     * Ankylosing spondylitis
* Psoriatic arthritis
* Crohn's disease
* Osteomyelitis
* Common variable immunodeficiency

## References

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1. ↑ Pepys MB, Hawkins PN, Booth DR, Vigushin DM, Tennent GA, Soutar AK, Totty N, Nguyen O, Blake CC, Terry CJ (April 1993). "Human lysozyme gene mutations cause hereditary systemic amyloidosis". Nature. 362 (6420): 553–7. doi:10.1038/362553a0. PMID 8464497.
2. ↑ Shin YM (March 2011). "Hepatic amyloidosis". Korean J Hepatol. 17 (1): 80–3. doi:10.3350/kjhep.2011.17.1.80. PMC 3304630. PMID 21494083.
3. ↑ Meira T, Sousa R, Cordeiro A, Ilgenfritz R, Borralho P (2015). "Intestinal Amyloidosis in Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Rheumatoid Arthritis". Case Rep Gastrointest Med. 2015: 405695. doi:10.1155/2015/405695. PMC 4553190. PMID 26351592.
4. ↑ Kadiroğlu AK, Yıldırım Y, Yılmaz Z, Kayabaşı H, Avcı Y, Yıldırım MS, Yılmaz ME (2012). "A rare cause of secondary amyloidosis: common variable immunodeficiency disease". Case Rep Nephrol. 2012: 860208. doi:10.1155/2012/860208. PMC 3914192. PMID 24558615.
5. ↑ Lim AY, Lee JH, Jung KS, Gwag HB, Kim DH, Kim SJ, Lee GY, Kim JS, Kim HJ, Lee SY, Lee JE, Jeon ES, Kim K (July 2015). "Clinical features and outcomes of systemic amyloidosis with gastrointestinal involvement: a single-center experience". Korean J. Intern. Med. 30 (4): 496–505. doi:10.3904/kjim.2015.30.4.496. PMC 4497337. PMID 26161016.

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