Aortic dissection causes

Aortic dissection Microchapters

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Differentiating Aortic dissection from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

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Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

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Treatment

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Special Scenarios

Management during Pregnancy

Case Studies

Case #1

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Vendhan Ramanujam M.B.B.S [2] Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[3]

## Overview

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Atherosclerosis and hypertension are associated with spontaneous aortic dissection, while blunt trauma and sudden deceleration in a motor vehicle accident are major causes of traumatic aortic dissection.

## Causes

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### Common Causes

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The most common causes of aortic dissection include:[1][2][3][4][5]

* Atherosclerosis
* Chest trauma
* Chronic hypertension
* Complication of cardiac procedures
* Connective tissue disorders
* Vasculitis

### Causes by Organ System

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* Causes of aortic dissection include:[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]

Cardiovascular | Atherosclerosis, bicuspid aortic valve, hypertension, malignant hypertension, ruptured aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery, seat belt aorta, vasculitis

|

Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes
Dental | No underlying causes
Dermatologic | No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect | Methonium
Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes
Endocrine | Cushing's syndrome
Environmental | No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes
Genetic | Aneurysms osteoarthritis syndrome, annuloaortic ectasia, bicuspid aortic valve, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Erdheim's cystic medial necrosis, familial aortic dissection, fibromuscular dysplasia, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, Marfan syndrome, mutation of TGF-β receptor genes, mutations in genes encoding α-actin and β-myosin, mutations in SMAD3, mutations in the gene encoding filamin A, Noonan syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Turner syndrome
Hematologic | No underlying causes
Iatrogenic | Aortic valve replacement surgery, cardiac catheterization, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, implantation of stent graft, intra-aortic balloon pump, mitral valve replacement surgery, surgical correction of aortic coarctation
Infectious Disease | AIDS, annuloaortic ectasia, aortitis, syphilitic aortitis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta
Neurologic | No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic | Homocystinuria
Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes
Oncologic | No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity | Cocaine abuse
Psychiatric | No underlying causes
Pulmonary | No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte | Polycystic kidney disease
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | Aortitis, arteritis, Behçet's disease, giant cell arteritis, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, Takayasu arteritis, vasculitis
Sexual | No underlying causes
Trauma | Chest trauma, deceleration injuries, motor vehicle accident, seat belt aorta
Urologic | No underlying causes
Miscellaneous | Connective tissue disorders, heavy exercise, idiopathic

* For more information on potential risk factors for the development of aortic dissection click here.

## References

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1. ↑ Penn JL, Martindale JL, Milne LW, Marill KA (2015). "Aortic dissection associated with blunt chest trauma diagnosed by elevated D-dimer". Int J Surg Case Rep. 10: 76–9. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.03.027. PMC 4429846. PMID 25805614.
2. ↑ Weissmann-Brenner A, Schoen R, Divon MY (2004). "Aortic dissection in pregnancy". Obstet Gynecol. 103 (5 Pt 2): 1110–3. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000124984.82336.43. PMID 15121626.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
3. ↑ Brooke V, Goswami S, Mohanty A, Kasi PM (2012). "Aortic dissection and renal failure in a patient with severe hypothyroidism". Case Rep Med. 2012: 842562. doi:10.1155/2012/842562. PMC 3399550. PMID 22829842.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
4. ↑ "Classification of diabetic retinopathy from fluorescein angiograms. ETDRS report number 11. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group". Ophthalmology. 98 (5 Suppl): 807–22. 1991. PMID 2062514.
5. ↑ Cury M, Zeidan F, Lobato AC (2013). "Aortic disease in the young: genetic aneurysm syndromes, connective tissue disorders, and familial aortic aneurysms and dissections". Int J Vasc Med. 2013: 267215. doi:10.1155/2013/267215. PMC 3557640. PMID 23401778.
6. ↑ Larson, Eric W.; Edwards, William D. (1984). "Risk factors for aortic dissection: A necropsy study of 161 cases". The American Journal of Cardiology. 53 (6): 849–855. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(84)90418-1. ISSN 0002-9149.
7. ↑ Januzzi, James L; Isselbacher, Eric M; Fattori, Rossella; Cooper, Jeanna V; Smith, Dean E; Fang, Jianming; Eagle, Kim A; Mehta, Rajendra H; Nienaber, Christoph A; Pape, Linda A (2004). "Characterizing the young patient with aortic dissection: results from the international registry of aortic dissection (IRAD)". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 43 (4): 665–669. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.08.054. ISSN 0735-1097.
8. ↑ "Correspondence". The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 67 (2): 593. 1999. doi:10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00037-5. ISSN 0003-4975.
9. ↑ Losenno, Katie L.; Goodman, Robert L.; Chu, Michael W. A. (2012). "Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease and Ascending Aortic Aneurysms: Gaps in Knowledge". Cardiology Research and Practice. 2012: 1–16. doi:10.1155/2012/145202. ISSN 2090-8016.
10. ↑ Senaha S, Uezu T, Shimoji M, Akasaki M (March 2015). "[Stanford type B aortic dissection associated with coarctation of the aorta]". Kyobu Geka (in Japanese). 68 (3): 184–7. PMID 25743550.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
11. ↑ Dioguardi GS, Pimenta J, Knoplich J, Ghorayeb N, Ramos LR, Giannini SD (June 1994). "[Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in physicians. Preliminary data from the VIDAM Project of the Paulista Medical Association]". Arq. Bras. Cardiol. (in Portuguese). 62 (6): 383–8. PMID 7826227.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
12. ↑ Caglayan, Ahmet Okay; Dundar, Munis (2009). "Inherited diseases and syndromes leading to aortic aneurysms and dissections". European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 35 (6): 931–940. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2009.01.006. ISSN 1010-7940.
13. ↑ "Acute aortic dissection: pathogenesis, risk factors and diagnosis". Swiss Medical Weekly. 147 (3334). 2017. doi:10.4414/smw.2017.14489. ISSN 1424-7860.
14. ↑ Increased maternal cardiovascular mortality associated with pregnancy in women with Turner syndrome.

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