Asperger syndrome historical perspective

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Shakiba Hassanzadeh, MD[2]

## Overview

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Asperger Syndrome (AS) is believed to be first described as ‘autistic psychopathy’ in German by Hans Asperger.[1][2] He distinguished his cases from autism which later became known as 'Asperger's Syndrome'.[3] In 1981, Lorna Wing published Asperger’s works in English.[4] In 1994, DSM-4 classified Asperger Syndrome (AS) as a subtype in the category of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). In 2013, DSM-5 combined 4 of the 5 subtypes of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) under the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) category.[5]

## Historical Perspective

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* In 1938, Hans Asperger described ‘autistic psychopaths’ in German.[1]
* In 1943, Leo Kanner described 11 cases with ‘infantile autism’ in his paper.[6]
* In 1944, Hans Asperger, described four children with ‘autistic psychopathy’ in his thesis.[2]
* Asperger used the term ‘autistic psychopathy' to describe the cases in his studies and distinguished them from autism, which later were became known as 'Asperger's Syndrome'.[3]
* In 1981, Lorna Wing published Asperger’s works in English (translated from German).[4]
* In 1991, Uta Frith translated Asperger's thesis into English. Frith, Uta (1991). Autism and Asperger syndrome. Cambridge New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521386081.
* In 1994, DSM-4 classified Asperger Syndrome (AS) as a subtype in the category of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).
* In 2013, DSM-5 combined 4 of the 5 subtypes of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) under the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) category.[5]

## References

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1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Asperger H (1938). "Das psychisch abnormale Kind". Wien Klin Wochenschr (in German). 51: 1314–7.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Die „Autistischen Psychopathen" im Kindesalter | SpringerLink".
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hippler K, Klicpera C (2003). "A retrospective analysis of the clinical case records of 'autistic psychopaths' diagnosed by Hans Asperger and his team at the University Children's Hospital, Vienna". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 358 (1430): 291–301. doi:10.1098/rstb.2002.1197. PMC 1693115. PMID 12639327.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Wing L (1981). "Asperger's syndrome: a clinical account". Psychol Med. 11 (1): 115–29. doi:10.1017/s0033291700053332. PMID 7208735.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.
6. ↑ Kanner L (1943). "Autistic disturbances of affective contact". Nerv Child. 2: 217–50. "Reprint". Acta Paedopsychiatr. 35 (4): 100–36. 1968. PMID 4880460. Unknown parameter `|quotes=` ignored (help)

Template:Pervasive developmental disorders

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WHO ICD-10 mental and behavioral disorders (F * 290–319)

Neurological/symptomatic|

Dementia (Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, Pick's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, AIDS dementia complex, Frontotemporal dementia) * Delirium * Post-concussion syndrome

Psychoactive substance|

Intoxication (drunkenness) * Physical dependence (alcohol dependence, opioid dependency, cocaine dependence) * Withdrawal (benzodiazepine withdrawal, delirium tremens) *
Amnesic: (Korsakoff's syndrome)

Psychotic disorder|

Schizophrenia (disorganized schizophrenia) * Schizotypal personality disorder * Delusional disorder * Folie à deux * Schizoaffective disorder

Mood (affective)|

Mania * Bipolar disorder * Clinical depression * Cyclothymia * Dysthymia

Neurotic, stress-related
and somatoform|

Agoraphobia * Anxiety disorder * Panic disorder * Generalized anxiety disorder * Social Anxiety Disorder * OCD * Acute stress reaction * PTSD * Adjustment disorder * Conversion disorder (Ganser syndrome) * Somatoform disorder * Somatization disorder * Neurasthenia

Physiological/physical
behavioural|

Eating disorder (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa) * Sleep disorder (dyssomnia, insomnia, hypersomnia, parasomnia, night terror, nightmare) *
Sexual dysfunction (erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, vaginismus, dyspareunia, hypersexuality) * Postpartum depression

Adult personality
and behaviour|

Personality disorder * Passive-aggressive behavior * Kleptomania * Trichotillomania * Voyeurism * Factitious disorder * Munchausen syndrome * Ego-dystonic sexual orientation

Mental retardation|

Mental retardation

Psychological development
(developmental disorder)|

Specific: speech and language (expressive language disorder, aphasia, expressive aphasia, receptive aphasia, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, lisp) * Scholastic skills (dyslexia, dysgraphia, Gerstmann syndrome) * Motor function (developmental dyspraxia)
Pervasive: Autism * Rett syndrome * Asperger syndrome

Behavioural and emotional,
childhood and adolescence onset|

ADHD * Conduct disorder * Oppositional defiant disorder * Separation anxiety disorder * Selective mutism * Reactive attachment disorder * Tic disorder * Tourette syndrome * Speech (stuttering * cluttering)
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