Bacterial oxidation

WikiDoc Resources for Bacterial oxidation

Articles

Most recent articles on Bacterial oxidation

Most cited articles on Bacterial oxidation

Review articles on Bacterial oxidation

Articles on Bacterial oxidation in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Bacterial oxidation

Images of Bacterial oxidation

Photos of Bacterial oxidation

Podcasts & MP3s on Bacterial oxidation

Videos on Bacterial oxidation

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Bacterial oxidation

Bandolier on Bacterial oxidation

TRIP on Bacterial oxidation

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Bacterial oxidation at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Bacterial oxidation

Clinical Trials on Bacterial oxidation at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Bacterial oxidation

NICE Guidance on Bacterial oxidation

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Bacterial oxidation

CDC on Bacterial oxidation

Books

Books on Bacterial oxidation

News

Bacterial oxidation in the news

Be alerted to news on Bacterial oxidation

News trends on Bacterial oxidation

Commentary

Blogs on Bacterial oxidation

Definitions

Definitions of Bacterial oxidation

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Bacterial oxidation

Discussion groups on Bacterial oxidation

Patient Handouts on Bacterial oxidation

Directions to Hospitals Treating Bacterial oxidation

Risk calculators and risk factors for Bacterial oxidation

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Bacterial oxidation

Causes & Risk Factors for Bacterial oxidation

Diagnostic studies for Bacterial oxidation

Treatment of Bacterial oxidation

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Bacterial oxidation

International

Bacterial oxidation en Espanol

Bacterial oxidation en Francais

Business

Bacterial oxidation in the Marketplace

Patents on Bacterial oxidation

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Bacterial oxidation

Bacterial oxidation is a bio-hydrometallurgical process developed for pre-cyanidation treatment of refractory gold ores or concentrates. The bacterial culture is a mixed culture of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus thiooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans. The bacterial oxidation process comprises contacting refractory sulfide ROM ore or concentrate with a strain of the bacterial culture for a suitable treatment period under an optimum operating environment. The bacteria oxidise the sulfide minerals, thus liberating the occluded gold for subsequent recovery via cyanidation.

Under controlled continuous plant conditions, the number of bacterial cells and their activity is optimised to attain the highest rate of sulfide oxidation. The bacteria require a very acidic environment (pH 1.0 to 2.0), a temperature of between 30 and 45 °C, and a steady supply of oxygen and carbon dioxide for optimum growth and activity. The unusual operating conditions for the bacteria are not favourable for the growth of most other microbes, thus eliminating the need for sterility during the bacterial oxidation process. Due to the fact that organic substances are toxic to the bacteria, they are non-pathogenic and incapable of causing disease. The bacteria employed in the process do not, therefore, pose a health risk to humans or any animals.

The bacterial oxidation of iron sulfide minerals produces iron(III) sulfate and sulfuric acid, and in the case of arsenopyrite, arsenic acid is also produced. The arsenic is removed from the liquor by coprecipitation with the iron and sulfate in a two stage neutralisation process. This produces a solid neutralisation precipitate containing largely calcium sulfate, basic iron(III) arsenate and iron(III) hydroxide. The iron(III) arsenate is sufficiently insoluble and stable to allow the neutralisation product to be safely disposed of on a slimes dam. The neutralisation liquor, purified to contain an acceptable level of arsenic, can be re-used in the milling, flotation or bacterial oxidation circuits.

## See also

[edit | edit source]

* Economic geology
* Geomicrobiology

## External links

[edit | edit source]

* Biooxidation, BioMineWiki

Template:WikiDoc Sources