Bipolar disorder epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Nuha Al-Howthi, MD[2]

## Overview

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The estimated lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder among adults worldwide is 1 to 3 percent, and the lifetime prevalence of bipolar I and bipolar II disorder was 2.8 percent. The mean age of onset for bipolar I disorder is 18 years and for bipolar II disorder 20 years. The one-year prevalence of bipolar I disorder in people aged 65 years and older is approximately 0.4 percent and the lifetime rate is 0.8 percent. These rates were less than rates in younger individuals.

## Epidemiology and demographics

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* The estimated lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder among adults worldwide is 1 to 3 percent[1], and the lifetime prevalence of bipolar I and bipolar II disorder was 2.8 percent[2]
* The mean age of onset for bipolar I disorder is 18 years and for bipolar II disorder 20 years[3]. The ratio of men to women who develop bipolar disorder is approximately 1:1.
* In the United States, the estimated lifetime prevalence of bipolar I disorder was 1 percent, and bipolar II disorder 1.1 percent. The mean age of onset for bipolar I and bipolar II disorder was 18 and 20 years.[4]
* Bipolar disorder is the 18th leading cause of disability in the United States.[5]
* Individuals with manic or hypomanic episodes, psychosocial functioning is severely impaired in 70 percent; in 90 percent of the affected individuals functioning is severely impaired during episodes of major depression.[4]
* The one-year prevalence of bipolar I disorder in people aged 65 years and older is approximately 0.4 percent and the lifetime rate is 0.8 percent. These rates were less than rates in younger individuals.[6]
* Geriatric bipolar patients are predominantly female; 69 percent of late-life bipolar patients were women.[7]
* The prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders in children and adolescents is approximately 2 percent.[8] However it is not well established because several factors make the diagnosis of bipolar disorder in pediatric complex and controversial.[9]
* Pediatric bipolar disorder is characterized by high rates of comorbidity.[8]
* Community studies suggest that the prevalence of bipolar disorder may be greater among adolescents (age 13 to 18 years) than children (age ≤12 years)[10][11]

## References

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1. ↑ Pedersen CB, Mors O, Bertelsen A, Waltoft BL, Agerbo E, McGrath JJ; et al. (2014). "A comprehensive nationwide study of the incidence rate and lifetime risk for treated mental disorders". JAMA Psychiatry. 71 (5): 573–81. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.16. PMID 24806211.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)  Review in: Evid Based Ment Health. 2015 Feb;18(1):12
2. ↑ Kessler RC, Ormel J, Petukhova M, McLaughlin KA, Green JG, Russo LJ; et al. (2011). "Development of lifetime comorbidity in the World Health Organization world mental health surveys". Arch Gen Psychiatry. 68 (1): 90–100. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.180. PMC 3057480. PMID 21199968.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
3. ↑ Merikangas KR, Jin R, He JP, Kessler RC, Lee S, Sampson NA; et al. (2011). "Prevalence and correlates of bipolar spectrum disorder in the world mental health survey initiative". Arch Gen Psychiatry. 68 (3): 241–51. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.12. PMC 3486639. PMID 21383262.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Merikangas KR, Akiskal HS, Angst J, Greenberg PE, Hirschfeld RM, Petukhova M; et al. (2007). "Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey replication". Arch Gen Psychiatry. 64 (5): 543–52. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.5.543. PMC 1931566. PMID 17485606.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
5. ↑ Murray CJ, Atkinson C, Bhalla K, Birbeck G, Burstein R, Chou D; et al. (2013). "The state of US health, 1990-2010: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors". JAMA. 310 (6): 591–608. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.13805. PMC 5436627. PMID 23842577.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
6. ↑ Blanco C, Compton WM, Saha TD, Goldstein BI, Ruan WJ, Huang B | display-authors=etal (2017) Epidemiology of DSM-5 bipolar I disorder: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions - III. J Psychiatr Res 84 ():310-317. DOI:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.10.003 PMID: 27814503
7. ↑ Seedat S, Scott KM, Angermeyer MC, Berglund P, Bromet EJ, Brugha TS; et al. (2009). "Cross-national associations between gender and mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys". Arch Gen Psychiatry. 66 (7): 785–95. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.36. PMC 2810067. PMID 19581570.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Van Meter AR, Moreira AL, Youngstrom EA (2011). "Meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies of pediatric bipolar disorder". J Clin Psychiatry. 72 (9): 1250–6. doi:10.4088/JCP.10m06290. PMID 21672501.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
9. ↑ Grande I, Berk M, Birmaher B, Vieta E (2016). "Bipolar disorder". Lancet. 387 (10027): 1561–1572. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00241-X. PMID 26388529.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
10. ↑ Van Meter AR, Moreira AL, Youngstrom EA (2011). "Meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies of pediatric bipolar disorder". J Clin Psychiatry. 72 (9): 1250–6. doi:10.4088/JCP.10m06290. PMID 21672501.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
11. ↑ Douglas J, Scott J (2014). "A systematic review of gender-specific rates of unipolar and bipolar disorders in community studies of pre-pubertal children". Bipolar Disord. 16 (1): 5–15. doi:10.1111/bdi.12155. PMID 24305108.

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