Birth weight

Baby weighed as AGA

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 2 Conditions
* 3 Influence on adult life
* 3.1 Obesity
* 3.2 Diabetes
* 3.3 Intelligence
* 4 Effects on the mother
* 5 See also
* 6 References

## Overview

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Birth weight is the weight of a baby at its birth. It has direct links with the gestational age at which the child was born and can be estimated during the pregnancy by measuring fundal height. A baby born within the normal range of weight for that gestational age is known as appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Those born above or below that range have often had an unusual rate of development - this often indicates complications with the pregnancy that may affect the baby or its mother. The incidence of birth weight being outside of the AGA is influenced by the parents in numerous ways, including:

* Genetics
* The health of the mother, particularly during the pregnancy
* Environmental factors
* Other factors, like multiple births, where each baby is likely to be outside the AGA, one more so than the other

There have been numerous studies that have attempted, with varying degrees of success, to show links between birth weight and later-life conditions, including diabetes, obesity, tobacco smoking and intelligence.

## Conditions

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Associated conditions include:

* Large for gestational age
* Small for gestational age

## Influence on adult life

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Studies have been conducted to investigate how a person's birth weight can influence aspects of their future life. This includes theorised links with obesity, diabetes and intelligence.

### Obesity

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A baby born small or large for gestational age (either of the two extremes) is thought to have an increased risk of obesity in later life.[1][2][3]

### Diabetes

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Babies that have a low birth weight are thought to have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in later life.[4][5][6]

### Intelligence

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Some studies have shown a direct link between an increased birth weight and an increased intelligence quotient.[7][8][9]

## Effects on the mother

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There is some evidence of a link between a child's birth weight and its mother's risk of cardiovascular disease.[10]

## See also

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* MOMO syndrome

## References

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1. ↑ "3 stages of childhood may predict obesity risk - Fitness - MSNBC.com". Retrieved 2007-11-28.
2. ↑ "Programming of lean body mass: a link between birth weight, obesity, and cardiovascular disease? -- Singhal et al. 77 (3): 726 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition". Retrieved 2007-11-28.
3. ↑ "Fetal and early life growth and body mass index from birth to early adulthood in 1958 British cohort: longitudinal study -- Parsons et al. 323 (7325): 1331 -- BMJ". Retrieved 2007-11-28.
4. ↑ "BBC NEWS". Retrieved 2007-11-28. Text " Low birth weight diabetes link " ignored (help); Text " Health " ignored (help)
5. ↑ "Maternal Gestational Diabetes, Birth Weight, and Adolescent Obesity -- Gillman et al. 111 (3): e221 -- Pediatrics". Retrieved 2007-11-28.
6. ↑ Rich-Edwards JW, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ; et al. (1999). "Birthweight and the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in adult women". Ann. Intern. Med. 130 (4 Pt 1): 278–84. PMID 10068385.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
7. ↑ "Influence of variation in birth weight within normal range and within sibships on IQ at age 7 years: cohort study British Medical Journal 11aug01". Retrieved 2007-11-28.
8. ↑ "The Future of Children - Sub-Sections". Retrieved 2007-11-28.
9. ↑ "BBC News". Retrieved 2007-11-28. Text " Intelligence linked to birthweight " ignored (help); Text " HEALTH " ignored (help)
10. ↑ "BBC News". Retrieved 2007-11-28. Text " Small babies spell danger for mother " ignored (help); Text " HEALTH " ignored (help)

it:Restrizione della crescita intrauterina nl:Geboortegewicht

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