Bowel obstruction other diagnostic studies

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]

## Overview[edit | edit source]

Other diagnostic studies for bowel obstruction include contrast studies, which demonstrate dilated proximal bowel loops, point of transition, and complete obstruction. Contrast enema is useful in those who have had a previous surgical reconstruction of the bowel. Enteroclysis is a useful study in those with chronic or recurrent bowel obstruction.

## Other Diagnostic Studies[edit | edit source]

Contrast studies may be helpful in the diagnosis of bowel obstruction. Findings suggestive of bowel obstruction include:[1][2][3]

* Proximal dilated bowel loop
* Distal obstruction
* Usually void of contrast media if a complete obstruction
* Point of transition
* Can indicate the position of blockage and distinguish between proximal and distal segment of the bowel

### Limitations of contrast studies[edit | edit source]

* Etiology cannot be determined
* Contraindicated in strangulated bowel loops
* May miss transition point as contrast may become diluted and therefore, visualization of bowel may be lost
* Cannot identify closed loop obstruction or ischemia

### Further studies[edit | edit source]

* Other diagnostic studies for bowel obstruction include:
* Contrast enema, which is useful in the presence of:
* Proctocolectomy with an ileoanal J-pouch
* Subtotal colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis
* Water-based contrast is preferred over barium
* Enteroclysis introduces both air and media (methylcellulose) into the bowel, and demonstrates:
* Stenosis of the bowel
* Prolonged bowel transit time

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ Mullan CP, Siewert B, Eisenberg RL (2012). "Small bowel obstruction". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 198 (2): W105–17. doi:10.2214/AJR.10.4998. PMID 22268199.
2. ↑ Makanjuola D (1998). "Computed tomography compared with small bowel enema in clinically equivocal intestinal obstruction". Clin Radiol. 53 (3): 203–8. PMID 9528871.
3. ↑ Shrake PD, Rex DK, Lappas JC, Maglinte DD (1991). "Radiographic evaluation of suspected small bowel obstruction". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 86 (2): 175–8. PMID 1992631.

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