Calcium channel

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

## Overview[edit | edit source]

A Calcium channel is an ion channel which displays selective permeabiltiy to calcium ions. It is sometimes synonymous as voltage-dependent calcium channel, although there are also ligand-gated calcium channels.

## Comparison tables[edit | edit source]

The following tables explain gating, gene, location and function of different types of calcium channels, both voltage and ligand-gated.

### Voltage-gated[edit | edit source]

Main article: voltage-dependent calcium channel

Type | Gated by | Protein | Gene | Location | Function

|
|
|
|
|

L-type | high voltage | Cav1.1
Cav1.2
Cav1.3
Cav1.4
| CACNA1S
CACNA1C
CACNA1D
CACNA1F | Skeletal muscle, bone (osteoblasts), ventricular myocytes**, dendrites and dendritic spines of cortical neurones | SMC and cardiac muscle contraction [1]. Responsible for prolonged action potential in cardiac muscle.
P-type/Q-type | high voltage | Cav2.1 | CACNA1A | Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum /  Cerebellar granule cells | neurotransmitter release [1]
N-type | high voltage | Cav2.2 | CACNA1B | Throughout the brain | neurotransmitter release [1]
R-type | intermediate voltage | Cav2.3 | CACNA1E |  Cerebellar granule cells, other neurons | ?[1]
T-type | low voltage | Cav3.1
Cav3.2
Cav3.3
| CACNA1G
CACNA1H
CACNA1I | neurons, cells that have pacemaker activity, bone (osteocytes) | Regular sinus rhythm[1]

### Ligand-gated[edit | edit source]

* the receptor-operated calcium channels (in vasoconstriction)
* P2X receptor [2]

Type | Gated by | Gene | Location | Function

|
|
|
|

IP3 receptor | IP3 |  | ER/SR | Releases calcium from ER/SR in response to IP3 by e.g. GPCRs [1]
Ryanodine receptor | dihydropyridine receptors in T-tubules |  | ER/SR | Calcium-induced calcium release in myocytes [1]
Two-pore channel |  |  |  |
Cation channels of sperm |  |  |  |
store-operated channels | indirectly by ER/SR depletion of calcium[1] |  | plasma membrane |

## Pharmacology[edit | edit source]

Calcium channel blockers are used to treat hypertension.

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Rang, H. P. (2003). Pharmacology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-07145-4. Page 53
2. ↑ Walter F., PhD. Boron. Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3. Page 479

## External links[edit | edit source]

* Calcium+Channels at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

* v
* t
* e

Membrane transport protein: ion channels (TC 1A)

Ca2+: Calcium channel

| Ligand-gated|

* Inositol trisphosphate receptor
* 1
* 2
* 3
* Ryanodine receptor
* 1
* 2
* 3

|

Voltage-gated|

* L-type/Cavα
* 1.1
* 1.2
* 1.3
* 1.4
* N-type/Cavα2.2
* P-type/Cavα
* 2.1
* Q-type/Cavα2.1
* R-type/Cavα2.3
* T-type/Cavα
* 3.1
* 3.2
* 3.3

* α2δ-subunits
* 1
* 2
* β-subunits
* β1
* β2
* β3
* β4
* γ-subunits
* γ1
* γ2
* γ3
* γ4

* Cation channels of sperm
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* Two-pore channel
* 1
* 2

Na+: Sodium channel

| Constitutively active|

* Epithelial sodium channel
* α
* β
* γ
* δ

|

Proton-gated|

* Amiloride-sensitive cation channel
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4

Voltage-gated|

* Navα
* 1.1
* 1.2
* 1.3
* 1.4
* 1.5
* 1.6
* 1.7
* 1.8
* 1.9
* 7A
* Navβ
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4

K+: Potassium channel

| Calcium-activated|

* BK channel
* α1
* β1
* β2
* β3
* β4
* SK channel
* SK1
* SK2
* SK3
* IK channel
* IK1
* KCa
* 1.1
* 2.1
* 2.2
* 2.3
* 3.1
* 4.1
* 4.2
* 5.1

|

Inward-rectifier|

* KATP
* Kir
* 1.1
* 2.1
* 2.2
* 2.3
* 2.4
* 2.6
* GIRK/Kir
* 3.1
* 3.2
* 3.3
* 3.4
* Kir
* 4.1
* 4.2
* 5.1
* 6.1
* 6.2
* 7.1

Tandem pore domain|

* K2P
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 9
* 10
* 12
* 13
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18

Voltage-gated|

* Kvα1-6
* 1.1
* 1.2
* 1.3
* 1.4
* 1.5
* 1.6
* 1.7
* 1.8
*     * 2.1
* 2.2
*     * 3.1
* 3.2
* 3.3
* 3.4
*     * 4.1
* 4.2
* 4.3
*     * 5.1
*     * 6.1
* 6.2
* 6.3
* 6.4

* Kvα7-12
* 7.1
* 7.2
* 7.3
* 7.4
* 7.5
*     * 8.1
* 8.2
*     * 9.1
* 9.2
* 9.3
*     * 10.1
* 10.2
*     * 11.1/hERG
* 11.2
* 11.3
*     * 12.1
* 12.2
* 12.3

* Kvβ
* 1
* 2
* 3
* KCNIP
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* minK/ISK
* minK/ISK-like
* MiRP
* 1
* 2
* 3
* Shaker gene

Miscellaneous

| Cl−: Chloride channel|

* Calcium-activated chloride channels
* Anoctamin
* ANO1
* Bestrophin
* 1
* 2
* Chloride Channel Accessory
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* CFTR
* CLCN
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* KA
* KB
* CLIC
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* L1
* CLNS
* 1A
* 1B

|

H+: Proton channel|

* HVCN1

M+: CNG cation channel|

* α
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* β
* 1
* 2
* 3
* HCN
* FC
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4

M+: TRP cation channel|

* TRPA (1)
* TRPC
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 4AP
* 5
* 6
* 7
* TRPM
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* TRPML
* 1
* 2
* 3
* TRPN
* TRPP
* 1
* 2
* TRPV
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6

H2O (+ solutes): Porin|

* Aquaporin
* 0
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* Voltage-dependent anion channel
* 1
* 2
* 3
* General bacterial porin family

Cytoplasm: Gap junction|

* Connexin
* A
* GJA1
* GJA3
* GJA4
* GJA5
* GJA8
* GJA9
* GJA10
* B
* GJB1
* GJB2
* GJB3
* GJB4
* GJB5
* GJB6
* GJB7
* C
* GJC1
* GJC2
* GJC3
* D
* GJD2
* GJD3
* GJD4
* Innexin

By gating mechanism

| Ion channel class|

* Ligand-gated
* Light-gated
* Voltage-gated
* Stretch-activated

|

see also disorders

de:Calciumkanal

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