Carcinoma of the penis historical perspective

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];  Swathi Venkatesan, M.B.B.S.[2] Sogand Goudarzi, MD [3]

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## Overview

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## Historical Perspective

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History of Circumcision

* The earliest reference to the circumcision procedure dates back to around 2400 B.C, in Egypt [1]
* In the late 1800s, doctors turned to circumcision to "cure" an array of ailments, from childhood fevers to brass poisoning to paralysis
* Lewis Sayre, a professor of orthopedic surgery at Bellevue Hospital Medical College,was called to the bedside of a 5-year-old boy whose knees were flexed and paralyzed, preventing him from walking
* During his examination, Sayre discovered that the boy's foreskin had contracted, causing the child great pain
* Speculating that the foreskin problem could be the source of the boy's "physical prostration and nervous exhaustion," Sayre conducted a circumcision the next day
* In less than two weeks, Sayre reported, the boy was walking again
* South Koreans started to circumcise children during the American trusteeship following World War II [2]
* The American cultural practice of circumcision became nearly universal in South Korea after the Korean War of 1950-52

History of HPV relation to Carcinoma of Penis

* In 1965, the first published HPV study characterized its DNA [3]
* Prior to 1965, papillomavirus studies focused on rabbit papillomavirus and its association to cancer
* During the 1970’s, more than one type of HPV was recognized
* In 1982, several studies associating HPV type 6 with genital warts, but neither cervical nor penile cancer, were published
* The theory that penile and cervical cancer may have a common etiology was proposed as early as 35 years ago
* Initial studies supported a causal relationship between male sexual behaviors and the incidence of cervical carcinoma before the role of HPV was even recognized

## References

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1. ↑ Morris BJ, Kennedy SE, Wodak AD, Mindel A, Golovsky D, Schrieber L; et al. (2017). "Early infant male circumcision: Systematic review, risk-benefit analysis, and progress in policy". World J Clin Pediatr. 6 (1): 89–102. doi:10.5409/wjcp.v6.i1.89. PMC 5296634. PMID 28224100.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
2. ↑ Dunsmuir, W.D.; Gordon, E.M. (2002). "The history of circumcision". BJU International. 83 (S1): 1–12. doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1001.x. ISSN 1464-4096.
3. ↑ Lont AP, Kroon BK, Horenblas S, Gallee MP, Berkhof J, Meijer CJ; et al. (2006). "Presence of high-risk human papillomavirus DNA in penile carcinoma predicts favorable outcome in survival". Int J Cancer. 119 (5): 1078–81. doi:10.1002/ijc.21961. PMID 16570278.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)

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