Cardiac arrhythmia

| Resident
Survival
Guide

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]

## Overview

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Cardiac arrhythmia is any of a large and heterogeneous group of conditions in which there is abnormal electrical activity in the heart. The heart beat may be too fast or too slow, and may be regular or irregular. A heart beat that is too fast is called tachycardia and a heartbeat that is too slow is called bradycardia. Although many arrhythmias are not life-threatening, some can cause cardiac arrest.

## Classification of Cardiac Arrhythmia

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| Arrhythmia|

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| Bradyarrhythmia|

| Arrhythmia
with normal heart rate|

| Tachyarrhythmia

| The origin of the impulse:
Atria|

| The origin of the impulse:
AV junction|

| The origin of the impulse:
Ventricles|

| Sinus arrhythmia
Atrial bigeminy|

| Accelerated junctional rhythm
Junctional bigeminy|

| Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
Ventricular bigeminy|

The origin of the impulse:
Atria|

| The origin of the impulse:
AV junction|

| The origin of the impulse:
Ventricles|

| Narrow complex tachycardia (SVT)|

| Wide complex tachycardia|

Normal variant:
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia

Sinus node dysfunction:
Sinus bradycardia
Sinoatrial block
Sinus arrest
Sick sinus syndrome

Abnormality in the atria:
Low atrial focus bradycardia
Atrial bigeminy

AV node dysfunction:
First degree AV block
Second degree AV block
Complete or third-degree AV block|

| Junctional escape rhythm
Junctional bigeminy|

| Isorhythmic A-V dissociation
Slow VT (idioventricular rhythm)
Ventricular escape rhythm
Escape capture bigeminy|

| The origin of the impulse:
Atria|

| The origin of the impulse:
AV junction|

| The origin of the impulse:
Atria or AV junction|

| The origin of the impulse:
Ventricles

| Atrial fibrillation
Atrial flutter
Ectopic atrial rhythm
Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT)
Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) with block
Premature atrial contractions (PAC)
Sinus tachycardia
Wandering atrial pacemaker
Sick sinus syndrome|

| AVNRT

AVRT (accessory pathway):
\- Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW)
\- Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome (LGL)|

| Accelerated junctional rhythm
Junctional ectopic tachycardia|

| SVTAC
(SVT with aberrant conduction):

Left bundle branch block
Left anterior hemi-block
Lefo posterior hemi-block
Right bundle branch block
Trifascicular block|

| Ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular fibrillation
Ventricular parasystole
Ventricular bigeminy

| The origin of the impulse:
Atria, AV junction or ventricles

Presence of an accessory pathway|

| The origin of the impulse:
Pacemaker

| Accessory pathway

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW)
Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome (LGL)|

| Paced rhythm

Pacemaker-mediated tachycardia
Runaway pacemaker syndrome
Sensor induced tachycardia

## Cardiac Arrhythmias in Alphabetical Order

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* Accelerated idioventricular rhythm

* Accessory pathway

* Andersen–Tawil syndrome

* Artificial pacemaker

* Atrial fibrillation

* Atrial flutter

* Atrial tachycardia

* AV nodal reentrant tachycardia

* AV reentrant tachycardia

* Bradycardia

* Broad complex tachycardia

* Bundle of His

* Bundle of Kent

* Cardiac arrhythmia following heart transplantation

* Ectopic atrial rhythm

* First degree AV block

* Focal atrial tachycardia

* Heart transplantation associated arrhythmias

* Idioventricular rhythm

* Isorhythmic A-V Dissociation

* Junctional bradycardia

* Junctional tachycardia

* Left anterior hemiblock

* Left bundle branch block

* Left posterior fascicular block

* Low atrial focus tachycardia

* Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome

* Mahaim fibers

* Multifocal atrial tachycardia

* Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

* Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) with Block

* Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

* Premature atrial contraction

* Right bundle branch block

* Runaway pacemaker syndrome

* Second degree AV block

* Sensor induced tachycardia

* Sick sinus syndrome

* Sinoatrial nodal reentry tachycardia

* Sinus arrhythmia

* Sinus bradycardia

* Sinus tachycardia

* Slow VT

* Supraventricular tachycardia

* SVT with aberrancy

* Tachycardia

* Tachycardia bradycardia syndrome

* Third degree AV block

* Trifascicular block

* Ventricular escape

* Ventricular fibrillation

* Ventricular parasystole

* Ventricular tachycardia

* Wandering atrial pacemaker

* Wide complex tachycardias

* Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

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Cardiac arrhythmia developed by WikiDoc.org

### Causes

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### Drug Side Effect

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* Agalsidase beta
* Bromocriptine
* Calcium gluconate.
* Caspofungin acetate.
* Cefotaxime sodium.
* Clomifene.
* Crizotinib.
* Cyclobenzaprine.
* Cyclophosphamide.
* Dipivefrine
* Doxorubicin Hydrochloride.
* Gadoterate
* Granisetron
* Idarubicin hydrochloride
* Idursulfase
* interferon alfacon-1
* Tretinoin.
* Meprobamate
* Metaproterenol
* Muromonab-CD3
* Nabilone
* Nalmefene.
* Omacetaxine
* Oprelvekin
* Oxaprozin
* Oxytocin.
* Pegylated interferon alfa-2b
* Pentamidine
* Pilocarpine
* Prednisolone.
* Rubidium Rb 82
* Sargramostim
* Sorafenib.
* Sodium phenylbutyrate
* Laxatives like sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate.
* Teniposide
* Valdecoxib,

#### Contraindicated medications

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Cardiac arrhythmia is considered an absolute contraindication to the use of the following medications:

* Cyclobenzaprine
* Metaproterenol
* Sumatriptan

## References

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Template:WikiDoc Sources CME Category::Cardiology