Cardiology overview heart failure

Cardiology Overview

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

## Contents

* 1 Pathophysiology
* 1.1 Systolic Dysfunction
* 1.2 Diastolic dysfunction
* 2 Pharmacotherapy
* 3 ACC / AHA Guidelines - Recommendations for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Severe Systolic Heart Failure (DO NOT EDIT)[1]
* 3.1 Class I
* 3.2 Class IIa
* 3.3 Class IIb
* 4 References

## Pathophysiology

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### Systolic Dysfunction

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### Diastolic dysfunction

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* The predictors of diastolic dysfunction include older age female gender and impaired kidney function.

## Pharmacotherapy

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## ACC / AHA Guidelines - Recommendations for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Severe Systolic Heart Failure (DO NOT EDIT)[1]

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{{cquote|

### Class I

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1) For patients who have LVEF less than or equal to 35%, a QRS duration greater than or equal to 0.12 seconds, and sinus rhythm, CRT with or without an ICD is indicated for the treatment of NYHA functional Class III or ambulatory Class IV heart failure symptoms with optimal recommended medical therapy. (Level of Evidence: A)

### Class IIa

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1) For patients who have LVEF less than or equal to 35%, a QRS duration greater than or equal to 0.12 seconds, and AF, CRT with or without an ICD is reasonable for the treatment of NYHA functional Class III or ambulatory Class IV heart failure symptoms on optimal recommended medical therapy. (Level of Evidence: B)

2) For patients with LVEF less than or equal to 35% with NYHA functional Class III or ambulatory Class IV symptoms who are receiving optimal recommended medical therapy and who have frequent dependence on ventricular pacing, CRT is reasonable. (Level of Evidence: C)

### Class IIb

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1) For patients with LVEF less than or equal to 35% with NYHA functional Class I or II symptoms who are receiving optimal recommended medical therapy and who are undergoing implantation of a permanent pacemaker and/or ICD with anticipated frequent ventricular pacing, CRT may be considered. (Level of Evidence: C)

## References

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1. ↑ Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NA, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO, Smith SC, Jacobs AK, Adams CD, Anderson JL, Buller CE, Creager MA, Ettinger SM, Faxon DP, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Hunt SA, Krumholz HM, Kushner FG, Lytle BW, Nishimura RA, Ornato JP, Page RL, Riegel B, Tarkington LG, Yancy CW (2008). "ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices): developed in collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery and Society of Thoracic Surgeons". Circulation. 117 (21): e350–408. doi:10.1161/CIRCUALTIONAHA.108.189742. PMID 18483207. Retrieved 2011-01-15. Unknown parameter `|month=` ignored (help)CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)

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