Cholangiocarcinoma other imaging findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2] [3], Suveenkrishna Pothuru, M.B,B.S. [4]

## Overview

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Other imaging studies for cholangiocarcinoma include endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic ultrasound, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, and MRCP.

## Other Imaging Findings

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* Other imaging studies for cholangiocarcinoma include ERCP, endoscopic ultrasound, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, and MRCP.

### Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

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While abdominal imaging can be useful in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma, direct imaging of the bile duct is often necessary. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been widely used for this purpose. Although ERCP is an invasive procedure with attendant risks, its advantages include:

* Evaluating the bile duct
* Obtaining a biopsy
* Helping for plan surgery
* Place a small tube (stent) into the bile duct to relieve a blockage caused by a tumor

### Endoscopic Ultrasound

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* Performed at the time of ERCP
* Increase the accuracy of the biopsy and yield information on lymph node invasion and operability [1]

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### Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC)

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* Alternative technique for ERCP

### Direct Cholangiography

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* Evaluation of the the biliary tree
* Planning treatment as assessing for resectability

### Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

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* Non-invasive alternative to ERCP.[2]
* More accurately define the tumor and avoids the risks of ERCP [3][4]

## References

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1. ↑ Sugiyama M, Hagi H, Atomi Y, Saito M. "Diagnosis of portal venous invasion by pancreatobiliary carcinoma: value of endoscopic ultrasonography". Abdom Imaging. 22 (4): 434–8. PMID 9157867.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
2. ↑ Schwartz L, Coakley F, Sun Y, Blumgart L, Fong Y, Panicek D (1998). "Neoplastic pancreaticobiliary duct obstruction: evaluation with breath-hold MR cholangiopancreatography". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170 (6): 1491–5. PMID 9609160.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
3. ↑ Yeh T, Jan Y, Tseng J, Chiu C, Chen T, Hwang T, Chen M (2000). "Malignant perihilar biliary obstruction: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatographic findings". Am J Gastroenterol. 95 (2): 432–40. PMID 10685746.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
4. ↑ Freeman M, Sielaff T (2003). "A modern approach to malignant hilar biliary obstruction". Rev Gastroenterol Disord. 3 (4): 187–201. PMID 14668691.

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