Clostridium difficile infection Biopsy

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Yazan Daaboul, M.D.

## Overview

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On microscopic examination, erosions within colonic crypts or formation of mushroom-like exudates with hemorrhage and necrosis are characteristic features of C. difficile infection.

## Biopsy Findings

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On microsopic pathology, the following characteristic features may be present in C. difficile colitis:

* Erosions within colonic crypts with pseudomembrane formation, which contains neutrophils, fibrin, and necrotic debris
* Linear neutrophilic infiltration at the level of the lamina propria and within areas of necrosis
* Necrotizing enteritis with or without hemorrhage
* Submucosal edema
* Inflammatory exudates (mushroom-like)

## References

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