Colorectal cancer physical examination

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To view the physical examination of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), click here
To view the physical examination of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D. Usama Talib, BSc, MD [2]

## Overview[edit | edit source]

Generally, the most common signs of colorectal cancer are emaciation, lethargy, and pallor Other signs include low-grade fever, discomfort on palpation, ascites rectal bleeding, rectal mass, and jaundice.

## Colorectal Cancer Physical Examination[edit | edit source]

The physical examination of colorectal carcinoma may show:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

### General appearance[edit | edit source]

* Lethargy
* Palor
* Emaciation
* Confusion

### Vital Signs[edit | edit source]

Vital signs are generally within normal limit, but patients with severe disease may have the following vital signs:

* Low-grade fever
* Decreased SPO2
* Tachypnea
* Tachycardia
* Hypotension

### Abdomen[edit | edit source]

* Discomfort on palpation
* Hepatomegaly
* Absent bowel sounds - may be suggestive of intestinal obstruction
* Ascites

### Rectal exam[edit | edit source]

* Rectal bleeding
* Rectal mass

### Chest[edit | edit source]

* Decreased/absent breath sounds

### Skin[edit | edit source]

* Pallor
* Jaundice

### HEENT[edit | edit source]

* Jaundice
* Lymphadenopathy

### Extremities[edit | edit source]

* Swelling of hands and feet

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ Yasmine Samir Galal, Tarek Tawfik Amin, Abdulelah Khalid Alarfaj, Abdulaziz Abdullah Almulhim, Abdullah Abdulmohsen Aljughaiman, Abdulrhaman Khaled Almulla & Rehab Ahmed Abdelhai (2016). "Colon Cancer among Older Saudis: Awareness of Risk Factors and Early Signs, and Perceived Barriers to Screening". Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP. 17 (4): 1837–1846. PMID 27221862.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
2. ↑ Carmen Jochem & Michael Leitzmann (2016). "Obesity and Colorectal Cancer". Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progres dans les recherches sur le cancer. 208: 17–41. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42542-9_2. PMID 27909900.
3. ↑ Hind Mrabti, Mounia Amziren, Ibrahim ElGhissassi, Youssef Bensouda, Narjiss Berrada, Halima Abahssain, Saber Boutayeb, Samira El Fakir, Chakib Nejjari, Abdellatif Benider, Nawfel Mellas, Omar El Mesbahi, Maria Bennani, Rachid Bekkali, Ahmed Zidouh & Hassan Errihani (2016). "Quality of life of early stage colorectal cancer patients in Morocco". BMC gastroenterology. 16 (1): 131. doi:10.1186/s12876-016-0538-9. PMID 27733117.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
4. ↑ Yasmine Samir Galal, Tarek Tawfik Amin, Abdulelah Khalid Alarfaj, Abdulaziz Abdullah Almulhim, Abdullah Abdulmohsen Aljughaiman, Abdulrhaman Khaled Almulla & Rehab Ahmed Abdelhai (2016). "Colon Cancer among Older Saudis: Awareness of Risk Factors and Early Signs, and Perceived Barriers to Screening". Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP. 17 (4): 1837–1846. PMID 27221862.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
5. ↑ Samir Pathak, Sanjay Pandanaboyana, Ian Daniels, Neil Smart & K. R. Prasad (2016). "Obesity and colorectal liver metastases: Mechanisms and management". Surgical oncology. 25 (3): 246–251. doi:10.1016/j.suronc.2016.05.021. PMID 27566030.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
6. ↑ Masato Watanabe, Masanori Tada, Takafumi Satomi, Daichi Chikazu, Masashi Mizumoto & Hideyuki Sakurai (2016). "Metastatic rectal adenocarcinoma in the mandibular gingiva: a case report". World journal of surgical oncology. 14 (1): 199. doi:10.1186/s12957-016-0958-6. PMID 27473859.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
7. ↑ Vivek Subbiah & Howard Jack West (2016). "Jaundice (Hyperbilirubinemia) in Cancer". JAMA oncology. 2 (8): 1103. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.1236. PMID 27416009.

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