Congenital heart disease classification

Congenital heart disease Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Anatomy

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Congenital heart disease from other Disorders

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

MRI

Echocardiography

Prenatal Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

Outcomes

Reproduction

Case Studies

Case #1

Congenital heart disease classification On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Congenital heart disease classification

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Congenital heart disease classification

CDC on Congenital heart disease classification

Congenital heart disease classification in the news

Blogs on Congenital heart disease classification

Directions to Hospitals Treating Type page name here

Risk calculators and risk factors for Congenital heart disease classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

## Classification

[edit | edit source]

### Acyanotic Defects

[edit | edit source]

Acyanotic heart defects comprise approximately 75% of all congenital heart defects. This contains any heart defect of a group of structural effects. It can be subdivided into two groups depending on whether there is shunting of the blood from the left vasculature to the right (left to right shunt) or no shunting at all.

Left to right shunting heart defects include ventricular septal defect or VSD (30% of all congenital heart defects), persistent ductus arteriosus or PDA, atrial septal defect or ASD, and atrioventricular septal defect or AVSD.

Acyanotic heart defects without shunting include pulmonary stenosis, a narrowing of the pulmonary valve, aortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta.

### Obstruction Defects

[edit | edit source]

Obstruction defects occur when heart valves, arteries, or veins are abnormally narrow or blocked. Common obstruction defects include pulmonary valve stenosis, aortic valve stenosis, and coarctation of the aorta, with other types such as bicuspid aortic valve stenosis and subaortic stenosis being comparatively rare. Any narrowing or blockage can cause heart enlargement or hypertension.

### Cyanotic Defects

[edit | edit source]

A cyanotic heart defect is a group-type of congenital heart defects (CHDs). The patient appears blue (cyanotic), due to deoxygenated blood bypassing the lungs and entering the systemic circulation. This can be caused by right-to-left or bidirectional shunting, or malposition of the great arteries. Such defects include persistent truncus arteriosus, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great vessels, and tricuspid atresia.

### Septal Defects

[edit | edit source]

The septum is a wall of tissue which separates the left heart from the right heart. It is comparatively common for defects to exist in the interatrial septum or the interventricular septum, allowing blood to flow from the left side of the heart to the right, reducing the heart's efficiency. Ventricular septal defects are collectively the most common type of CHD, although approximately 30% of adults have a type of atrial septal defect called patent foramen ovale. Septal defects may or may not cause cyanosis depending on the severity of the defect.

## References

[edit | edit source]