Congestive heart failure risk factors

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Congestive Heart Failure Microchapters

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Systolic Dysfunction
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HFpEF
HFrEF

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Differentiating Congestive heart failure from other Diseases

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Medical Therapy:

Summary

Acute Pharmacotherapy

Chronic Pharmacotherapy in HFpEF

Chronic Pharmacotherapy in HFrEF

Diuretics
ACE Inhibitors
Angiotensin receptor blockers
Aldosterone Antagonists
Beta Blockers
Ca Channel Blockers
Nitrates
Hydralazine
Positive Inotropics
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Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor
Antiarrhythmic Drugs
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Drugs to Avoid
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Treatment of underlying causes
Associated conditions

Exercise Training

Surgical Therapy:

Biventricular Pacing or Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT)
Implantation of Intracardiac Defibrillator
Ultrafiltration
Cardiac Surgery
Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs)
Cardiac Transplantation

ACC/AHA Guideline Recommendations

Initial and Serial Evaluation of the HF Patient
Hospitalized Patient
Patients With a Prior MI
Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention
Surgical/Percutaneous/Transcather Interventional Treatments of HF
Patients at high risk for developing heart failure (Stage A)
Patients with cardiac structural abnormalities or remodeling who have not developed heart failure symptoms (Stage B)
Patients with current or prior symptoms of heart failure (Stage C)
Patients with refractory end-stage heart failure (Stage D)
Coordinating Care for Patients With Chronic HF
Quality Metrics/Performance Measures

Implementation of Practice Guidelines

Congestive heart failure end-of-life considerations

Specific Groups:

Special Populations
Patients who have concomitant disorders
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Patient with CHF
NSTEMI with Heart Failure and Cardiogenic Shock

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Risk calculators and risk factors for Congestive heart failure risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Saleh El Dassouki, M.D. [3]; Atif Mohammad, M.D.

## Overview[edit | edit source]

Several risk factors may predispose to heart failure. These risk factors can be demographic, genetic, associated with lifestyle or medications.

## Risk Factors[edit | edit source]

Common risk factors associated with heart failure include:

Risk factors for heart failure | Prevention strategies

|

Sedentary habit  | Regular physical activity
Cigarette smoking | Cigarette smoking cessation
Obesity | Physical activity and healthy diet
Excessive alcohol intake  | General population: no/light alcohol

intake is beneficial, avoiding alcohol in Patients with alcohol-induced CMP

Influenza | Influenza vaccination
Microbes (Trypanosoma cruzi, Streptococci)  | Early diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy
Cardiotoxic drugs (anthracyclines)  | Cardiac function and side effect monitoring, dose adaptation, change of chemotherapy
Chest radiation | Cardiac function and side effect monitoring, dose adaptation
Hypertension | Life style modification, antihypertensive drugs
Hyperlipidemia | Healthy diet, statins
Diabetes mellitus | Physical activities, healthy diet, SGLT2 inhibitors
Coronary artery disease | Life style modification, statins
The above table adopted from 2021 ESC Guideline

[1]

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, Burri H, Butler J, Čelutkienė J, Chioncel O, Cleland J, Coats A, Crespo-Leiro MG, Farmakis D, Gilard M, Heymans S, Hoes AW, Jaarsma T, Jankowska EA, Lainscak M, Lam C, Lyon AR, McMurray J, Mebazaa A, Mindham R, Muneretto C, Francesco Piepoli M, Price S, Rosano G, Ruschitzka F, Kathrine Skibelund A (September 2021). "2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure". Eur Heart J. 42 (36): 3599–3726. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368. PMID 34447992 Check `|pmid=` value (help). Vancouver style error: initials (help)

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