Cretinism

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Congenital iodine-deficiency syndrome

Thyroid hyperplasia in cretinism
Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology

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Overview

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Differentiating Cretinism from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

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Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Congenital hypothyroidism

## Overview

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## Historical Perspective

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## Classification

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## Pathophysiology

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## Causes

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## Differentiating Cretinism from other Diseases

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## Epidemiology and Demographics

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## Risk Factors

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## Screening

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## Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

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## Diagnosis

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History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

## Treatment

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Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

## Case Studies

[edit | edit source]

Case #1

## See also

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* Congenital hypothyroidism
* Iodine deficiency

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Endocrine pathology: endocrine diseases (E00-35, 240-259)

Thyroid|

Hypothyroidism (Iodine deficiency, Cretinism, Congenital hypothyroidism, Goitre, Myxedema) - Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease, Toxic multinodular goitre, Teratoma with thyroid tissue or Struma ovarii) - Thyroiditis (De Quervain's thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Riedel's thyroiditis) - Euthyroid sick syndrome

Pancreas|

Diabetes mellitus (type 1, type 2, coma, angiopathy, ketoacidosis, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy) - Hypoglycemia \- Hyperinsulinism \- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome \- insulin receptor (Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome)

Parathyroid|

Hypoparathyroidism (Pseudohypoparathyroidism) - Hyperparathyroidism (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary)

Pituitary|

Hyperpituitarism (Acromegaly, Hyperprolactinaemia, SIADH) - Hypopituitarism (Simmonds' disease / Sheehan's syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, Growth hormone deficiency, Diabetes insipidus) - Adiposogenital dystrophy \- Empty sella syndrome \- Hypophysitis

Adrenal|

Cushing's syndrome (Nelson's syndrome, Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome) - CAH (Lipoid, 3β, 11β, 17α, 21α) - Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome, Bartter syndrome) - Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) - Hypoaldosteronism

Gonads|

Ovarian dysfunction (Polycystic ovary syndrome, Premature ovarian failure) - Testicular dysfunction (5-alpha-reductase deficiency) - Testosterone biosynthesis (17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency) - General (Hypogonadism, Delayed puberty, Precocious puberty)

Other|

Androgen insensitivity syndrome \- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome \- Carcinoid syndrome \- Gigantism \- Short stature (Laron syndrome, Psychogenic dwarfism) - Multiple endocrine neoplasia (1, 2) - Progeria \- Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome

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