Dehydration causes

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[1]

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Saumya Easaw, M.B.B.S.[3]

## Causes

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### Common Causes

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In humans, dehydration can be caused by a wide range of diseases and states that impair water homeostasis in the body. These include:

* External or stress-related causes
* Prolonged physical activity without consuming adequate water, especially in a hot and/or humid environment
* Prolonged exposure to dry air, e.g., in high-flying airplanes (5-15% r.h.)
* Survival situations, especially desert survival conditions
* Blood loss or hypotension due to physical trauma
* Diarrhea
* Hyperthermia
* Shock (hypovolemic)
* Vomiting
* Burns
* Lacrimation

* Infectious diseases
* Cholera
* Gastroenteritis
* Shigellosis
* Yellow fever

* Malnutrition
* Electrolyte disturbance
* Hypernatremia (also caused by dehydration)
* Hyponatremia, especially from restricted salt diets
* Consumption of alcohol, caffeine or other diuretic substances.
* Fasting
* Recent rapid weight loss may reflect progressive depletion of fluid volume. (The loss of 1 L of fluid results in a weight loss of 1 kg, or 2.2 lb.)[1]
* Patient refusal of nutrition and hydration

* Other causes of obligate water loss
* Severe hyperglycemia, especially in Diabetes mellitus
* Glycosuria

### Causes by Organ System

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Cardiovascular | No underlying causes

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Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes
Dental | No underlying causes
Dermatologic | No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect | Bicalutamide, Cidofovir, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Cefpodoxime, Panitumumab, Pralatrexate, Ritonavir, Siltuximab, Tiagabine
Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes
Endocrine | Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Environmental | No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes
Genetic | No underlying causes
Hematologic | No underlying causes
Iatrogenic | No underlying causes
Infectious Disease | No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes
Neurologic | No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes
Oncologic | No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes
Psychiatric | No underlying causes
Pulmonary | No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes
Sexual | No underlying causes
Trauma | No underlying causes
Urologic | No underlying causes
Miscellaneous | No underlying causes

### Causes in Alphabetical Order

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* Cidofovir
* Doxorubicin Hydrochloride
* Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
* Panitumumab
* Pralatrexate
* Siltuximab
* Tiagabine

* Disease B

* Disease C

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## References

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1. ↑ http://www.heartspring.net/symptoms_of_dehydration.html

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