Dermatological lesions

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

## Overview

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Dermatology classifies lesions primarily by their visual appearance and texture. Lesions are divided into the general categories of primary and secondary. Primary lesions are those that are directly associated with the disease process and usually appear early in the course of the disease. Those appearing later are called secondary lesions and may be a result of the ongoing disease process and changes to the primary lesions.

A morphological classification of dermatological lesions is most helpful to the identification of the diseases present.

## Primary lesions

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* Macules
* Papules
* Nodules
* Vesicles
* Wheals
* Pustules
* Cysts
* Purpura

## Secondary lesions

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* Fissure
* Excoriation
* Lichenification
* Atrophy
* Ulcer

* v
* t
* e

Symptoms and signs: circulatory (R00–R03, 785)

Cardiovascular|

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Myeloid/blood|

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* v
* t
* e

Symptoms and signs: respiratory system (R04–R07, 786)

Hemorrhage|

* Epistaxis
* Hemoptysis

Abnormalities
of breathing|

Respiratory sounds

Stridor
Wheeze
Crackles
Rhonchi
Hamman's sign

Apnea
Dyspnea
Hyperventilation/Hypoventilation
Hyperpnea/Tachypnea/Hypopnea/Bradypnea
Orthopnea/Platypnea
Trepopnea

Biot's respiration
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Kussmaul breathing

Hiccup
Mouth breathing/Snoring
Breath-holding

Other|

* Asphyxia
* Cough
* Pleurisy
* Sputum

* Respiratory arrest
* Hypercapnia/Hypocapnia

* Pectoriloquy: Whispered pectoriloquy
* Egophony
* Bronchophony

* Pleural friction rub

* Fremitus

* Silhouette sign

Chest, general|

* Chest pain
* Precordial catch syndrome

* v
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* e

Symptoms and signs: digestive system and abdomen (R10–R19, 787,789)

GI tract|

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Accessory|

Hepatosplenomegaly/Hepatomegaly
Jaundice

Abdominopelvic|

Ascites

Abdominal – general|

Abdominal pain (Acute abdomen, Colic, Baby colic)

Splenomegaly

Abdominal guarding * Abdominal mass * Rebound tenderness

Shifting dullness * Bulging flanks * Puddle sign * Fluid wave test

Template:Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms and signs Template:Nervous and musculoskeletal system symptoms and signs Template:Urinary system symptoms and signs Template:Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour symptoms and signs Template:Speech and voice symptoms and signs Template:General symptoms and signs

* v
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Symptoms and signs: Symptoms concerning nutrition, metabolism and development (R62–R64, 783)

Ingestion/Weight|

decrease: Anorexia • Weight loss/Cachexia/Underweight

increase: Polyphagia • Polydipsia • Orexigenia • Weight gain

Growth|

Delayed milestone • Failure to thrive • Short stature (e.g., Idiopathic)

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