Diabetes mellitus social issues

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3] Karol Gema Hernandez, M.D. [4]

## Social Issues

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The 1989 Declaration of St Vincent was the result of international efforts to improve the care accorded to those with diabetes. Doing so is important both in terms of quality of life and life expectancy but also economically - expenses to diabetes have been shown to be a major drain on health- and productivity-related resources for healthcare systems and governments. Several countries established more and less successful national diabetes programmes to improve treatment of the disease.[1] A study shows that diabetic patients with neuropathic symptoms such as numbness or tingling in feet or hands are twice more likely to be unemployed than those without the symptoms.[2]

## 2013 American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes (DO NOT EDIT)[3]

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### Psychosocial Assessment and Care

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"1. It is reasonable to include assessment of the patient’s psychological and social situation as an ongoing part of the medical management of diabetes. (Level of Evidence: E)"

"2. Psychosocial screening and follow-up may include, but is not limited to, attitudes about the illness, expectations for medical management and outcomes, affect/mood, general and diabetes-related quality of life, resources (financial, social, and emotional), and psychiatric history. (Level of Evidence: E)"
"3. Screen for psychosocial problems such as depression and diabetes-related distress, anxiety, eating disorders, and cognitive impairment when self- management is poor. (Level of Evidence: B)"

### Transition from Pediatric to Adult Care

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"1. As teens transition into emerging adulthood, health care providers and families must recognize their many vulnerabilities (Level of Evidence: B) and prepare the developing teen, beginning in early to mid adolescence and at least 1 year prior to the transition. (Level of Evidence: E)"

"2. Both pediatricians and adult health care providers should assist in providing support and links to resources for the teen and emerging adult. (Level of Evidence: B)"

## References

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1. ↑ Dubois, HFW and Bankauskaite, V (2005). "Type 2 diabetes programmes in Europe" (PDF). Euro Observer. 7 (2): 5&ndash, 6.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
2. ↑ Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Chee E, Hirsch AG, Brandenburg NA (2007). "Lost productive time and costs due to diabetes and diabetic neuropathic pain in the US workforce". J. Occup. Environ. Med. 49 (6): 672–9. doi:10.1097/JOM.0b013e318065b83a. PMID 17563611.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
3. ↑ American Diabetes Association (2013). "Standards of medical care in diabetes--2013". Diabetes Care. 36 Suppl 1: S11–66. doi:10.2337/dc13-S011. PMC 3537269. PMID 23264422.CS1 maint: PMC format (link)

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