Dislocations (patient information)

Dislocation

Overview

What are the symptoms?

What are the causes?

When to seek urgent medical care?

Treatment options

Where to find medical care for Dislocations?

Prevention

Dislocation On the Web

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Dislocation in the news

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Directions to Hospitals Treating Dislocation

Risk calculators and risk factors for Dislocation

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 2 What are the symptoms of Dislocations?
* 3 What causes Dislocations?
* 4 When to seek urgent medical care?
* 5 Treatment options
* 6 Where to find medical care for Dislocations?
* 7 Prevention of Dislocations
* 8 Sources

## Overview

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A dislocation is a separation of two bones where they meet at a joint. (Joints are areas where two bones come together.) A dislocated bone is no longer in its normal position, which may result in damage to ligaments, nerves, and blood vessels.

## What are the symptoms of Dislocations?

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A dislocated joint may be:

* Accompanied by numbness or tingling at the joint or beyond it
* Intensely painful, especially if you try to use the joint or bear weight on it
* Limited in movement
* Swollen or bruised
* Visibly out of place, discolored, or misshapen

Nursemaid's elbow is a partial dislocation common in toddlers. The main symptom is refusal to use the arm. Nursemaid's elbow can be easily treated in a doctor's office.

## What causes Dislocations?

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Dislocations are usually caused by a sudden impact to the joint. This usually occurs following a blow, fall, or other trauma.

## When to seek urgent medical care?

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Call 911 if the person has:

* A bone projecting through the skin
* A known or suspected dislocation or broken bone
* An area below the injured joint that is pale, cold, clammy, or blue
* Severe bleeding
* Signs of infection, such as warmth or redness at the injured site, pus, or a fever

## Treatment options

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1. Call 911 before you begin treating someone who may have a dislocation, especially if the accident causing the injury may be life-threatening.
2. If there has been a serious injury, check the person's airway, breathing, and circulation. If necessary, begin rescue breathing, CPR, or bleeding control.
3. Do not move the person if you think that the head, back, or leg has been injured. Keep the person still. Provide reassurance.
4. If the skin is broken, take steps to prevent infection. Do not blow on the wound. Rinse the area gently to remove obvious dirt, but do not scrub or probe. Cover the area with sterile dressings before immobilizing the injury.
5. Splint or sling the injury in the position in which you found it. Do not move the joint. Be sure to immobilize the area above and below the injured joint.
6. Check the person's blood circulation around the injury by pressing firmly on the skin in the affected area. It should blanch white, then regain color within a couple of seconds. Avoid this step if the skin has been broken, to reduce the risk of infection.
7. Apply ice packs to ease pain and swelling.
8. Take steps to prevent shock. Unless there is a head, leg, or back injury, lay the victim flat, elevate the feet about 12 inches, and cover the person with a coat or blanket.

* Do NOT move the person unless the injury has been completely immobilized.
* Do NOT move a person with an injured hip, pelvis, or upper leg unless it is absolutely necessary. If you are the only rescuer and the person must be moved, drag him or her by the clothing.
* Do NOT attempt to straighten a misshapen bone or joint or to change its position.
* Do NOT test a misshapen bone or joint for loss of function.
* Do NOT give the person anything by mouth.

## Where to find medical care for Dislocations?

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Directions to Hospitals Treating Dislocations

## Prevention of Dislocations

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Preventing injuries in children:

* Create a safe environment around your home.
* Pay careful attention to preventing falls by gating stairways and keeping windows closed and locked.
* Supervise children carefully. There is no substitute for close supervision no matter how safe the environment or situation appears to be.
* Teach children how to be safe and look out for themselves.

Preventing dislocations in adults:

* Avoid falls by not standing on chairs, countertops, or other unstable objects.
* Eliminate throw rugs, especially for the elderly.
* Wear protective gear when participating in contact sports.

For all age groups:

* Keep a first aid kit handy.
* Remove electrical cords from floor surfaces.
* Use handrails on staircases.
* Use nonskid mats on the bottom of the bathtubs and avoid bath oils.

## Sources

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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000014.htm

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