Dispersed promoters

Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Henry A. Hoff

A dispersed promoter is a region of DNA that facilitates the transcription of a particular gene, where this promoter region contains "several start sites over 50–100 nucleotides and [is] typically found in CpG islands in vertebrates".[1] "CpGs are ... relatively enriched around the TSS. In fact, the enrichment pattern peaks sharply close to the core promoter 15 bp upstream of the TSS".[2] Normally a C (cytosine) base followed immediately by a G (guanine) base (a CpG) is rare in vertebrate DNA because the cytosines in such an arrangement tend to be methylated.

"[I]n vertebrates dispersed promoters are more common than focused promoters."[1]

Dispersed promoters are more recent and less widespread throughout nature than focused promoters.[1]

## See also

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* Distal promoters
* Focused promoters
* Intermediate promoters
* Minimal promoters
* Proximal promoters

## References

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1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Tamar Juven-Gershon, Jer-Yuan Hsu, Joshua W. M. Theisen, and James T. Kadonaga (June 2008). "The RNA Polymerase II Core Promoter – the Gateway to Transcription". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 20 (3): 253–9. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2008.03.003. Retrieved 2013-02-13.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
2. ↑ Serge Saxonov, Paul Berg, and Douglas L. Brutlag (January 31, 2006). "A genome-wide analysis of CpG dinucleotides in the human genome distinguishes two distinct classes of promoters". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 103 (5): 1412–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.0510310103. Retrieved 2013-02-13.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)

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