Drug use

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 2 Medication
* 3 Recreational drug use
* 4 Responsible drug use
* 5 Gateway drug theory
* 6 Drug addiction
* 7 Drug abuse
* 8 See also
* 9 References

## Overview

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Drugs can be used in many different ways, as detailed below.

## Medication

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Main article: Medication

People can use drugs to relieve pain or discomfort or to cure or prevent disease. Not all medication is drugs however.

## Recreational drug use

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Main article: Recreational drug use

Recreational drug use is the use of psychoactive drugs for recreational purposes rather than for work, medical or spiritual purposes, although the distinction is not always clear. At least one psychopharmacologist who has studied this field refers to it as the 'Fourth Drive,' arguing that the human instinct to seek mind-altering substances has so much force and persistence that it functions like the human drives for hunger, thirst and shelter.[1]

## Responsible drug use

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Main article: Responsible drug use

The concept of responsible drug use is that a person can use recreational drugs with reduced or eliminated risk of negatively affecting other parts of one's life or other peoples lives. Advocates of this idea point to the many well-known artists and intellectuals who have used drugs, experimentally or otherwise, with few detrimental effects on their lives. Critics argue that the drugs are escapist--and dangerous, unpredictable and sometimes addictive; thus predicating the idea of a responsible use of drugs as an idea, ultimately disputable upon debate.

## Gateway drug theory

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Main article: Gateway drug theory

The gateway drug theory is the belief that use of a lower classed drug can lead to the subsequent use of "harder", more dangerous drugs.[2] The term is also used to describe introductory experiences to addictive substances. Some believe[3][4][5] tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana are gateway drugs.

Some research suggests that serious drug abusers adopt an atypical drug use sequence with use of other drugs initiated before marijuana or alcohol.[6] There are many pharmacological similarities between various drugs of abuse. Individual social histories show that "hard" drug users do progress from one drug to another, but the reasons are not clear enough to generalise a gateway.[7]

## Drug addiction

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Main article: Drug addiction

Drug addiction is a condition characterized by compulsive drug intake, craving and seeking, despite what the majority of society may perceive as the negative consequences associated with drug use.[8]

## Drug abuse

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Main article: Drug abuse

Drug abuse has a wide range of definitions related to taking a psychoactive drug or performance enhancing drug for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect. Some of the most commonly abused drugs include alcohol, amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, methaqualone, and opium alkaloids. Use of these drugs may lead to criminal penalty in addition to possible physical, social, and psychological harm, both strongly depending on local jurisdiction.[9] Other definitions of drug abuse fall into four main categories: public health definitions, mass communication and vernacular usage, medical definitions, and political and criminal justice definitions.[citation needed]

## See also

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* 420 (cannabis culture)
* Spiritual use of cannabis
* Cannabis culture
* Stoner film
* Drug subculture

## References

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1. ↑ Siegel, Ronald K (2005). Intoxication: The universal drive for mind-altering substances. Vermont: Park Street Press. pp. pp vii. ISBN 1-59477-069-7.CS1 maint: Extra text (link)
2. ↑ Gateway and Steppingstone Substances
3. ↑ http://www.wnet.org/closetohome/science/html/gateway.html+"gateway+drugs"&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=2&gl=us
4. ↑ Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse
5. ↑ Drug Abuse Resistance Education
6. ↑ Mackesy-Amiti ME, Fendrich M, Goldstein PJ (1997). "Sequence of drug use among serious drug users: typical vs atypical progression". Drug and alcohol dependence. 45: 185. doi:10.1016/S0376-8716(97)00032-X.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
7. ↑ Contents | Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base | Institute of Medicine
8. ↑ "Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide" Preface, National Institute on Drug Abuse
9. ↑ (2002). Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary. Sixth Edition. Drug abuse definition, p. 552. Nursing diagnoses, p. 2109. ISBN 0-323-01430-5.

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