Dyslexia

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Dyslexia Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Dyslexia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

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History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

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Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

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Case #1

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## Overview

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## Historical Perspective

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## Classification

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## Pathophysiology

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## Causes

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## Differentiating Dyslexia from other Diseases

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## Epidemiology and Demographics

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## Risk Factors

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## Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

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## Diagnosis

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History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | CT | MRI | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

## Treatment

[edit | edit source]

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

## Case Studies

[edit | edit source]

Case #1

## Related Chapters

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* Foggy brain
* Child development

## Support Groups and Organizations

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* LD Online A service of public television station WETA in Washington, D.C., in association the National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities (US)
* Help for Parents of Dyslexic Children
* 'The Mathematician Who Can't Add Up' Emma King

Freeview 'Snapshot' video by the Vega Science Trust

* v
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WHO ICD-10 mental and behavioral disorders (F * 290–319)

Neurological/symptomatic|

Dementia (Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, Pick's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, AIDS dementia complex, Frontotemporal dementia) * Delirium * Post-concussion syndrome

Psychoactive substance|

Intoxication (drunkenness) * Physical dependence (alcohol dependence, opioid dependency, cocaine dependence) * Withdrawal (benzodiazepine withdrawal, delirium tremens) *
Amnesic: (Korsakoff's syndrome)

Psychotic disorder|

Schizophrenia (disorganized schizophrenia) * Schizotypal personality disorder * Delusional disorder * Folie à deux * Schizoaffective disorder

Mood (affective)|

Mania * Bipolar disorder * Clinical depression * Cyclothymia * Dysthymia

Neurotic, stress-related
and somatoform|

Agoraphobia * Anxiety disorder * Panic disorder * Generalized anxiety disorder * Social Anxiety Disorder * OCD * Acute stress reaction * PTSD * Adjustment disorder * Conversion disorder (Ganser syndrome) * Somatoform disorder * Somatization disorder * Neurasthenia

Physiological/physical
behavioural|

Eating disorder (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa) * Sleep disorder (dyssomnia, insomnia, hypersomnia, parasomnia, night terror, nightmare) *
Sexual dysfunction (erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, vaginismus, dyspareunia, hypersexuality) * Postpartum depression

Adult personality
and behaviour|

Personality disorder * Passive-aggressive behavior * Kleptomania * Trichotillomania * Voyeurism * Factitious disorder * Munchausen syndrome * Ego-dystonic sexual orientation

Mental retardation|

Mental retardation

Psychological development
(developmental disorder)|

Specific: speech and language (expressive language disorder, aphasia, expressive aphasia, receptive aphasia, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, lisp) * Scholastic skills (dyslexia, dysgraphia, Gerstmann syndrome) * Motor function (developmental dyspraxia)
Pervasive: Autism * Rett syndrome * Asperger syndrome

Behavioural and emotional,
childhood and adolescence onset|

ADHD * Conduct disorder * Oppositional defiant disorder * Separation anxiety disorder * Selective mutism * Reactive attachment disorder * Tic disorder * Tourette syndrome * Speech (stuttering * cluttering)

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