ELK4

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Identifiers
Aliases|
External IDs| GeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
Species| Human| Mouse
Entrez| |

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Ensembl| |

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UniProt| |

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RefSeq (mRNA)| |

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RefSeq (protein)| |

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ETS domain-containing protein Elk-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ELK4 gene.[1][2][3]

## Contents

* 1 Function
* 2 Interactions
* 3 References
* 4 Further reading
* 5 External links

## Function[edit | edit source]

This gene is a member of the Ets family of transcription factors and of the ternary complex factor (TCF) subfamily. Proteins of the TCF subfamily form a ternary complex by binding to the serum response factor and the serum response element in the promoter of the c-fos proto-oncogene. The protein encoded by this gene is phosphorylated by the kinases, MAPK1 and MAPK8. Several transcript variants have been described for this gene.[3]

## Interactions[edit | edit source]

ELK4 has been shown to interact with:

* BRCA1,[4] and
* Serum response factor[5][6]

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ Shipley J, Sheer D, Dalton S, Treisman R, Patel K (Mar 1995). "Mapping of the human SAP1 (SRF accessory protein 1) gene and SAP2, a gene encoding a related protein, to chromosomal bands 1q32 and 12q23, respectively". Genomics. 23 (3): 710–1. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1564. PMID 7851904.
2. ↑ Giovane A, Sobieszczuk P, Mignon C, Mattei MG, Wasylyk B (Mar 1996). "Locations of the ets subfamily members net, elk1, and sap1 (ELK3, ELK1, and ELK4) on three homologous regions of the mouse and human genomes". Genomics. 29 (3): 769–72. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9938. PMID 8575773.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: ELK4 ELK4, ETS-domain protein (SRF accessory protein 1)".
4. ↑ Chai Y, Chipitsyna G, Cui J, Liao B, Liu S, Aysola K, Yezdani M, Reddy ES, Rao VN (Mar 2001). "c-Fos oncogene regulator Elk-1 interacts with BRCA1 splice variants BRCA1a/1b and enhances BRCA1a/1b-mediated growth suppression in breast cancer cells". Oncogene. 20 (11): 1357–67. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204256. PMID 11313879.
5. ↑ Hassler M, Richmond TJ (Jun 2001). "The B-box dominates SAP-1-SRF interactions in the structure of the ternary complex". EMBO J. 20 (12): 3018–28. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.12.3018. PMC 150215. PMID 11406578.
6. ↑ Zhu C, Johansen FE, Prywes R (Sep 1997). "Interaction of ATF6 and serum response factor". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (9): 4957–66. PMC 232347. PMID 9271374.

## Further reading[edit | edit source]

* Sharrocks AD, Brown AL, Ling Y, Yates PR (1998). "The ETS-domain transcription factor family". Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 29 (12): 1371–87. doi:10.1016/S1357-2725(97)00086-1. PMID 9570133.
* Wasylyk B, Hagman J, Gutierrez-Hartmann A (1998). "Ets transcription factors: nuclear effectors of the Ras-MAP-kinase signaling pathway". Trends Biochem. Sci. 23 (6): 213–6. doi:10.1016/S0968-0004(98)01211-0. PMID 9644975.
* Dalton S, Treisman R (1992). "Characterization of SAP-1, a protein recruited by serum response factor to the c-fos serum response element". Cell. 68 (3): 597–612. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90194-H. PMID 1339307.
* Price MA, Rogers AE, Treisman R (1995). "Comparative analysis of the ternary complex factors Elk-1, SAP-1a and SAP-2 (ERP/NET)". EMBO J. 14 (11): 2589–601. PMC 398373. PMID 7540136.
* Adams MD, Kerlavage AR, Fleischmann RD, Fuldner RA, Bult CJ, Lee NH, Kirkness EF, Weinstock KG, Gocayne JD, White O (1995). "Initial assessment of human gene diversity and expression patterns based upon 83 million nucleotides of cDNA sequence" (PDF). Nature. 377 (6547 Suppl): 3–174. PMID 7566098.
* Dalton S, Treisman R (1994). "Characterization of SAP-1, a protein recruited by serum response factor to the c-fos serum response element" (PDF). Cell. 76 (2): 411. PMID 8293474.
* Janknecht R, Hunter T (1997). "Activation of the Sap-1a transcription factor by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (7): 4219–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.7.4219. PMID 9020136.
* Janknecht R, Hunter T (1997). "Convergence of MAP kinase pathways on the ternary complex factor Sap-1a". EMBO J. 16 (7): 1620–7. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.7.1620. PMC 1169766. PMID 9130707.
* Stein B, Yang MX, Young DB, Janknecht R, Hunter T, Murray BW, Barbosa MS (1997). "p38-2, a novel mitogen-activated protein kinase with distinct properties". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (31): 19509–17. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.31.19509. PMID 9235954.
* Mo Y, Vaessen B, Johnston K, Marmorstein R (1998). "Structures of SAP-1 bound to DNA targets from the E74 and c-fos promoters: insights into DNA sequence discrimination by Ets proteins". Mol. Cell. 2 (2): 201–12. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80130-6. PMID 9734357.
* Yates PR, Atherton GT, Deed RW, Norton JD, Sharrocks AD (1999). "Id helix-loop-helix proteins inhibit nucleoprotein complex formation by the TCF ETS-domain transcription factors". EMBO J. 18 (4): 968–76. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.4.968. PMC 1171189. PMID 10022839.
* Kamakura S, Moriguchi T, Nishida E (1999). "Activation of the protein kinase ERK5/BMK1 by receptor tyrosine kinases. Identification and characterization of a signaling pathway to the nucleus". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (37): 26563–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.37.26563. PMID 10473620.
* Chai Y, Chipitsyna G, Cui J, Liao B, Liu S, Aysola K, Yezdani M, Reddy ES, Rao VN (2001). "c-Fos oncogene regulator Elk-1 interacts with BRCA1 splice variants BRCA1a/1b and enhances BRCA1a/1b-mediated growth suppression in breast cancer cells". Oncogene. 20 (11): 1357–67. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204256. PMID 11313879.
* Hassler M, Richmond TJ (2001). "The B-box dominates SAP-1-SRF interactions in the structure of the ternary complex". EMBO J. 20 (12): 3018–28. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.12.3018. PMC 150215. PMID 11406578.
* Mo Y, Ho W, Johnston K, Marmorstein R (2002). "Crystal structure of a ternary SAP-1/SRF/c-fos SRE DNA complex". J. Mol. Biol. 314 (3): 495–506. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2001.5138. PMID 11846562.

## External links[edit | edit source]

* ELK4+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
* FactorBook ELK4

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PDB gallery

* 1bc7: SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR ACCESSORY PROTEIN 1A (SAP-1)/DNA COMPLEX

1bc7: SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR ACCESSORY PROTEIN 1A (SAP-1)/DNA COMPLEX

* 1bc8: STRUCTURES OF SAP-1 BOUND TO DNA SEQUENCES FROM THE E74 AND C-FOS PROMOTERS PROVIDE INSIGHTS INTO HOW ETS PROTEINS DISCRIMINATE BETWEEN RELATED DNA TARGETS

1bc8: STRUCTURES OF SAP-1 BOUND TO DNA SEQUENCES FROM THE E74 AND C-FOS PROMOTERS PROVIDE INSIGHTS INTO HOW ETS PROTEINS DISCRIMINATE BETWEEN RELATED DNA TARGETS

* 1hbx: TERNARY COMPLEX OF SAP-1 AND SRF WITH SPECIFIC SRE DNA

1hbx: TERNARY COMPLEX OF SAP-1 AND SRF WITH SPECIFIC SRE DNA

* 1k6o: Crystal Structure of a Ternary SAP-1/SRF/c-fos SRE DNA Complex

1k6o: Crystal Structure of a Ternary SAP-1/SRF/c-fos SRE DNA Complex

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Transcription factors and intracellular receptors

(1) Basic domains

| (1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP)|

* Activating transcription factor
* AATF
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* AP-1
* c-Fos
* FOSB
* FOSL1
* FOSL2
* JDP2
* c-Jun
* JUNB
* JunD
* BACH
* 1
* 2
* BATF
* BLZF1
* C/EBP
* α
* β
* γ
* δ
* ε
* ζ
* CREB
* 1
* 3
* L1
* CREM
* DBP
* DDIT3
* GABPA
* GCN4
* HLF
* MAF
* B
* F
* G
* K
* NFE
* 2
* L1
* L2
* L3
* NFIL3
* NRL
* NRF
* 1
* 2
* 3
* XBP1

|

(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)|

* ATOH1
* AhR
* AHRR
* ARNT
* ASCL1
* BHLH
* 2
* 3
* 9
* ARNTL
* ARNTL
* ARNTL2
* CLOCK
* EPAS1
* FIGLA
* HAND
* 1
* 2
* HES
* 5
* 6
* HEY
* 1
* 2
* L
* HES1
* HIF
* 1A
* 3A
* ID
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* LYL1
* MESP2
* MXD4
* MYCL1
* MYCN
* Myogenic regulatory factors
* MyoD
* Myogenin
* MYF5
* MYF6
* Neurogenins
* 1
* 2
* 3
* NeuroD
* 1
* 2
* NPAS
* 1
* 2
* 3
* OLIG
* 1
* 2
* Pho4
* Scleraxis
* SIM
* 1
* 2
* TAL
* 1
* 2
* Twist
* USF1

(1.3) bHLH-ZIP|

* AP-4
* MAX
* MXD3
* MITF
* MNT
* MLX
* MXI1
* Myc
* SREBP
* 1
* 2

(1.4) NF-1|

* NFI
* A
* B
* C
* X
* SMAD
* R-SMAD
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 5
* 9
* I-SMAD
* 6
* 7
* 4)

(1.5) RF-X|

* RFX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* ANK

(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)|

* AP-2
* α
* β
* γ
* δ
* ε

(2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains

| (2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys4)|

| subfamily 1|

* Thyroid hormone
* α
* β
* CAR
* FXR
* LXR
* α
* β
* PPAR
* α
* β/δ
* γ
* PXR
* RAR
* α
* β
* γ
* ROR
* α
* β
* γ
* Rev-ErbA
* α
* β
* VDR

|

subfamily 2|

* COUP-TF
* (I
* II
* Ear-2
* HNF4
* α
* γ
* PNR
* RXR
* α
* β
* γ
* Testicular receptor
* 2
* 4
* TLX

subfamily 3|

* Steroid hormone
* Androgen
* Estrogen
* α
* β
* Glucocorticoid
* Mineralocorticoid
* Progesterone
* Estrogen related
* α
* β
* γ

subfamily 4|

* NUR
* NGFIB
* NOR1
* NURR1

subfamily 5|

* LRH-1
* SF1

subfamily 6|

* GCNF

subfamily 0|

* DAX1
* SHP

(2.2) Other Cys4|

* GATA
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* MTA
* 1
* 2
* 3
* TRPS1

(2.3) Cys2His2|

* General transcription factors
* TFIIA
* TFIIB
* TFIID
* TFIIE
* 1
* 2
* TFIIF
* 1
* 2
* TFIIH
* 1
* 2
* 4
* 2I
* 3A
* 3C1
* 3C2

* ATBF1
* BCL
* 6
* 11A
* 11B
* CTCF
* E4F1
* EGR
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* ERV3
* GFI1
* GLI-Krüppel family
* 1
* 2
* 3
* REST
* S1
* S2
* YY1
* HIC
* 1
* 2
* HIVEP
* 1
* 2
* 3
* IKZF
* 1
* 2
* 3
* ILF
* 2
* 3
* KLF
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 17
* MTF1
* MYT1
* OSR1
* PRDM9
* SALL
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* SP
* 1
* 2
* 4
* 7
* 8
* TSHZ3
* WT1
* Zbtb7
* 7A
* 7B
* ZBTB
* 11
* 16
* 17
* 20
* 32
* 33
* 40
* zinc finger
* 3
* 7
* 9
* 10
* 19
* 22
* 24
* 33B
* 34
* 35
* 41
* 43
* 44
* 51
* 74
* 143
* 146
* 148
* 165
* 202
* 217
* 219
* 238
* 239
* 259
* 267
* 268
* 281
* 295
* 300
* 318
* 330
* 346
* 350
* 365
* 366
* 384
* 423
* 451
* 452
* 471
* 593
* 638
* 644
* 649
* 655

(2.4) Cys6|

* HIVEP1

(2.5) Alternating composition|

* AIRE
* DIDO1
* GRLF1
* ING
* 1
* 2
* 4
* JARID
* 1A
* 1B
* 1C
* 1D
* 2
* JMJD1B

(2.6) WRKY|

* WRKY

(3) Helix-turn-helix domains

| (3.1) Homeodomain|

* ARX
* CDX
* 1
* 2
* CRX
* CUTL1
* DBX
* 1
* 2
* DLX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* EMX
* 1
* 2
* EN
* 1
* 2
* FHL
* 1
* 2
* 3
* HESX1
* HHEX
* HLX
* Homeobox
* A1
* A2
* A3
* A4
* A5
* A7
* A9
* A10
* A11
* A13
* B1
* B2
* B3
* B4
* B5
* B6
* B7
* B8
* B9
* B13
* C4
* C5
* C6
* C8
* C9
* C10
* C11
* C12
* C13
* D1
* D3
* D4
* D8
* D9
* D10
* D11
* D12
* D13
* HOPX
* IRX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* MKX
* LMX
* 1A
* 1B
* MEIS
* 1
* 2
* MEOX2
* MNX1
* MSX
* 1
* 2
* NANOG
* NKX
* 2-1
* 2-2
* 2-3
* 2-5
* 3-1
* 3-2
* 6-1
* 6-2
* NOBOX
* PBX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* PHF
* 1
* 3
* 6
* 8
* 10
* 16
* 17
* 20
* 21A
* PHOX
* 2A
* 2B
* PITX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* POU domain
* PIT-1
* BRN-3: A
* B
* C
* Octamer transcription factor: 1
* 2
* 3/4
* 6
* 7
* 11
* OTX
* 1
* 2
* PDX1
* SATB2
* SHOX2
* SIX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* VAX1
* ZEB
* 1
* 2

|

(3.2) Paired box|

* PAX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* PRRX
* 1
* 2
* RAX

(3.3) Fork head / winged helix|

* E2F
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* FOX proteins
* A1
* A2
* A3
* C1
* C2
* D3
* D4
* E1
* E3
* F1
* G1
* H1
* I1
* J1
* J2
* K1
* K2
* L2
* M1
* N1
* N3
* O1
* O3
* O4
* P1
* P2
* P3
* P4

(3.4) Heat shock factors|

* HSF
* 1
* 2
* 4

(3.5) Tryptophan clusters|

* ELF
* 2
* 4
* 5
* EGF
* ELK
* 1
* 3
* 4
* ERF
* ETS
* 1
* 2
* ERG
* SPIB
* ETV
* 1
* 4
* 5
* 6
* FLI1
* Interferon regulatory factors
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* MYB
* MYBL2

(3.6) TEA domain|

* transcriptional enhancer factor
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4

(4) β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts

| (4.1) Rel homology region|

* NF-κB
* NFKB1
* NFKB2
* REL
* RELA
* RELB
* NFAT
* C1
* C2
* C3
* C4
* 5

|

(4.2) STAT|

* STAT
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6

(4.3) p53|

* p53
* TBX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 5
* 19
* 21
* 22
* TBR1
* TBR2
* TFT
* MYRF
* TP63

(4.4) MADS box|

* Mef2
* A
* B
* C
* D
* SRF

(4.6) TATA-binding proteins|

* TBP
* TBPL1

(4.7) High-mobility group|

* BBX
* HMGB
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* HMGN
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* HNF
* 1A
* 1B
* LEF1
* SOX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 18
* 21
* SRY
* SSRP1
* TCF
* 3
* 4
* TOX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4

(4.9) Grainyhead|

* TFCP2

(4.10) Cold-shock domain|

* CSDA
* YBX1

(4.11) Runt|

* CBF
* CBFA2T2
* CBFA2T3
* RUNX1
* RUNX2
* RUNX3
* RUNX1T1

(0) Other transcription factors

| (0.2) HMGI(Y)|

* HMGA
* 1
* 2
* HBP1

|

(0.3) Pocket domain|

* Rb
* RBL1
* RBL2

(0.5) AP-2/EREBP-related factors|

* Apetala 2
* EREBP
* B3

(0.6) Miscellaneous|

* ARID
* 1A
* 1B
* 2
* 3A
* 3B
* 4A
* CAP
* IFI
* 16
* 35
* MLL
* 2
* 3
* T1
* MNDA
* NFY
* A
* B
* C
* Rho/Sigma

see also transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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