Embryology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 2 History
* 3 Vertebrate and invertebrate embryology
* 4 Neuroembryology
* 5 See also
* 6 Footnotes
* 7 References
* 8 Further reading
* 9 External links

## Overview

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WikiDoc Resources for Embryology

Articles

Most recent articles on Embryology

Most cited articles on Embryology

Review articles on Embryology

Articles on Embryology in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Embryology

Images of Embryology

Photos of Embryology

Podcasts & MP3s on Embryology

Videos on Embryology

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Embryology

Bandolier on Embryology

TRIP on Embryology

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Embryology at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Embryology

Clinical Trials on Embryology at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Embryology

NICE Guidance on Embryology

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Embryology

CDC on Embryology

Books

Books on Embryology

News

Embryology in the news

Be alerted to news on Embryology

News trends on Embryology

Commentary

Blogs on Embryology

Definitions

Definitions of Embryology

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Embryology

Discussion groups on Embryology

Patient Handouts on Embryology

Directions to Hospitals Treating Embryology

Risk calculators and risk factors for Embryology

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Embryology

Causes & Risk Factors for Embryology

Diagnostic studies for Embryology

Treatment of Embryology

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Embryology

International

Embryology en Espanol

Embryology en Francais

Business

Embryology in the Marketplace

Patents on Embryology

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Embryology

Embryology is the study of the development of an embryo. An embryo is defined as any vertebrate in a stage before birth or hatching. Embryology is more specific as it only encompasses the modern definition: an animal that is undergoing early development including the formation of primitive organ systems, the creation of fundamental tissues, and cleavage; especially involving the development of human individuals from the moment the blastocyst is implanted until the end of the eight week after conception. Past the eight week, the developing animal is called a fetus.

## History

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After the 1950s, with the DNA helical structure being discovered by James D. Watson and Francis Crick, (in collaboration with Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins) and the increasing knowledge in the field of molecular biology, developmental biology emerged as the field of study that correlates the genes and such morphological changes; in other words, which genes are responsible for each morphological change that takes place in an embryo, and how these genes are regulated.

## Vertebrate and invertebrate embryology

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Many principles of embryology apply to both invertebrate animals as well as to vertebrates.[1] Therefore, study of invertebrate embryology has advanced the study of vertebrate embryology. However, there are many differences as well. For example, numerous invertebrate species release a larva before development is complete; at the end of the larval period, an animal for the first time looks like an offspring of its parents. Although invertebrate embryology is similar in some ways for different invertebrate animals, there are also countless variations. For instance, some insects proceed directly from egg to adult form whereas others develop through an elaborate sequence of changes.

## Neuroembryology

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Main article: Neural development

Neuroembryology refers to the development of an embryos nervous system. At the middle of the third week the neural plate appears which originates from the ectoderm.

## See also

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* Ontogeny
* Embryogenesis
* Recapitulation theory
* Prenatal development

## Footnotes

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1. ↑ Parker, Sybil. "Invertebrate Embryology," McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology (McGraw-Hill 1997).

## References

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* UNSW Embryology Large resource of information and media
* [2] Definition of embryo according to Webster

## Further reading

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* Scott F. Gilbert. Developmental Biology. Sinauer, 2003. ISBN 0-87893-258-5.
* Lewis Wolpert. Principles of Development. Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBN 0-19-927536-X.

## External links

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* Embryo Research UK philosophy and ethics website discussing the ethics of embryology
* Human embryo research Canadian website covering the ethics of human embryo research
* University of Indiana's Human Embryology Animations

Template:Embryology Template:Development of digestive system

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Development of the reproductive system

Precursors|

* Mesoderm
* intermediate
* lateral plate
* Endoderm
* Cloaca
* Urogenital sinus
* Ectoderm
* Cloacal membrane

Internal|

* Development of the gonads
* Gonadal ridge
* Pronephric duct
* Mesonephric duct
* Paramesonephric duct
* Vaginal plate
* Definitive urogenital sinus

External|

* Genital tubercle
* Labioscrotal swelling
* Primordial phallus
* Gubernaculum
* Peritoneum
* Vaginal process
* Canal of Nuck

See also|

* List of related male and female reproductive organs
* Prenatal development
* Embryogenesis

Template:Development of nervous system Template:Development of circulatory system

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