Endometriosis risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[2]

## Overview[edit | edit source]

Risk factors predisposing women to the development of endometriosis include early age at menarche, nulliparity, positive family history, and the presence of congenital cervical stenosis or obstructive lesions in the uterovaginal tract.

## Risk Factors[edit | edit source]

The risk factors predisposing women to develop endometriosis include the following:[1][2]

* Presence of cervical stenosis and other congenital outflow obstructions (leads to the retrograde efflux of the menstrual fluid into the fallopian tubes and peritoneal cavity)
* Caffeine or alcohol use
* First-degree family relative with endometriosis[3]
* Nulliparity
* Menarche at less than 11 years of age
* Short menstrual cycle length
* Tall stature

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ Thomsen LH, Schnack TH, Buchardi K, Hummelshoj L, Missmer SA, Forman A; et al. (2017). "Risk factors of epithelial ovarian carcinomas among women with endometriosis: a systematic review". Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 96 (6): 761–778. doi:10.1111/aogs.13010. PMID 27565819.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
2. ↑ Lassus H, Pasanen A, Bützow R (2015). "[Is endometriosis a premalignant condition to ovarian carcinoma?]". Duodecim. 131 (19): 1777–84. PMID 26638662.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
3. ↑ Cramer DW, Missmer SA (2002). "The epidemiology of endometriosis". Ann N Y Acad Sci. 955: 11–22, discussion 34-6, 396–406. PMID 11949940.