Epilepsy secondary prevention

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D.

## Overview

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Effective measures for the secondary prevention of epilepsy include early diagnosis and effective treatment.

## Secondary Prevention

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* Effective measures for the secondary prevention of epilepsy include:
* Early diagnosis:
* Epilepsy can be diagnosed based on history, symptoms and physical examination of a patient with seizure complain.[1]
* Among the patients who present with clinical signs of seizure, the EEG is the most efficient test for diagnosis.
* Video-EEG monitoring is a combination of recording EEG and clinical behavior of the patient. Although it's more expensive, it is more effective in differentiating different type if seizures.[2]
* With the first seizure, in order to reach a diagnosis and find out the etiology of seizure, we should perform ancillary testing such as:[1][3][4]
* Imaging study including:
* EEG
* Video-EEG monitoring
* Lumbar puncture

NOTE: For more information, click here

* Effective treatment: For more information, click here and here.

## References

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1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mattle, Heinrich (2017). Fundamentals of neurology : an illustrated guide. Stuttgart New York: Thieme. ISBN 9783131364524.
2. ↑ Worrell GA, Lagerlund TD, Buchhalter JR (September 2002). "Role and limitations of routine and ambulatory scalp electroencephalography in diagnosing and managing seizures". Mayo Clin. Proc. 77 (9): 991–8. doi:10.4065/77.9.991. PMID 12233935.
3. ↑ Krumholz A, Wiebe S, Gronseth G, Shinnar S, Levisohn P, Ting T, Hopp J, Shafer P, Morris H, Seiden L, Barkley G, French J (November 2007). "Practice Parameter: evaluating an apparent unprovoked first seizure in adults (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society". Neurology. 69 (21): 1996–2007. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000285084.93652.43. PMID 18025394.
4. ↑ Krumholz A, Wiebe S, Gronseth G, Shinnar S, Levisohn P, Ting T, Hopp J, Shafer P, Morris H, Seiden L, Barkley G, French J (November 2007). "Practice Parameter: evaluating an apparent unprovoked first seizure in adults (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society". Neurology. 69 (21): 1996–2007. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000285084.93652.43. PMID 18025394.

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