Exhalation

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Exhalation (or expiration) is the movement of air out of the bronchial tubes, through the airways, to the external environment during breathing.

Exhaled air is rich in carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration during the production of ATP.

Exhalation has a complementary relationship to inhalation; the cycling between these two efforts define respiration.

## External links

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* Exhalation at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
* Template:EMedicineDictionary
* Essentials of Human Physiology by Thomas M. Nosek. Section 4/4ch2/s4ch2_14.

* v
* t
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Respiratory system, physiology: respiratory physiology

Lung volumes|

VC * FRC * Vt * dead space * CC

calculations: respiratory minute volume * FEV1/FVC ratio

devices: spirometry * body plethysmography * peak flow meter

Airways/
ventilation (V)|

positive pressure ventilation * breath (inhalation, exhalation) * respiratory rate * respirometer * pulmonary surfactant * compliance * hysteresivity * airway resistance * bronchial hyperresponsiveness * bronchial challenge test * bronchoconstriction/bronchodilation

Blood/
perfusion (Q)|

pulmonary circulation * hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction * pulmonary shunt

Interactions/
ventilation/perfusion ratio (V/Q)|

ventilation/perfusion scan * zones of the lung * gas exchange * pulmonary gas pressures * alveolar gas equation * alveolar-arterial gradient * hemoglobin * oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve (2,3-DPG, Bohr effect, Haldane effect) * carbonic anhydrase (chloride shift) * oxyhemoglobin * respiratory quotient * arterial blood gas * diffusion capacity * DLCO

Control of respiration|

pons (pneumotaxic center, apneustic center) * medulla (dorsal respiratory group, ventral respiratory group) * chemoreceptors (central, peripheral) * pulmonary stretch receptors (Hering-Breuer reflex)

Insufficiency|

high altitude * oxygen toxicity * hypoxia

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