Headache

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Headache from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: Robert G. Schwartz, M.D. [1], Piedmont Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, P.A.; Associate Editor-In-Chief:Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny, MD[2] Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]

Synonyms and keywords: Cephalgia

## Overview

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## Historical Perspective

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## Pathophysiology

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## Causes

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## Differentiating Headache from other Diseases

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## Epidemiology and Demographics

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## Risk Factors

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## Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

[edit | edit source]

## Diagnosis

[edit | edit source]

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

## Treatment

[edit | edit source]

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

## Case Studies

[edit | edit source]

Case #1

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Symptoms and signs: circulatory (R00–R03, 785)

Cardiovascular|

Template:Navbox subgroup

Myeloid/blood|

Template:Navbox subgroup

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Symptoms and signs: respiratory system (R04–R07, 786)

Hemorrhage|

* Epistaxis
* Hemoptysis

Abnormalities
of breathing|

Respiratory sounds

Stridor
Wheeze
Crackles
Rhonchi
Hamman's sign

Apnea
Dyspnea
Hyperventilation/Hypoventilation
Hyperpnea/Tachypnea/Hypopnea/Bradypnea
Orthopnea/Platypnea
Trepopnea

Biot's respiration
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Kussmaul breathing

Hiccup
Mouth breathing/Snoring
Breath-holding

Other|

* Asphyxia
* Cough
* Pleurisy
* Sputum

* Respiratory arrest
* Hypercapnia/Hypocapnia

* Pectoriloquy: Whispered pectoriloquy
* Egophony
* Bronchophony

* Pleural friction rub

* Fremitus

* Silhouette sign

Chest, general|

* Chest pain
* Precordial catch syndrome

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Symptoms and signs: digestive system and abdomen (R10–R19, 787,789)

GI tract|

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Accessory|

Hepatosplenomegaly/Hepatomegaly
Jaundice

Abdominopelvic|

Ascites

Abdominal – general|

Abdominal pain (Acute abdomen, Colic, Baby colic)

Splenomegaly

Abdominal guarding * Abdominal mass * Rebound tenderness

Shifting dullness * Bulging flanks * Puddle sign * Fluid wave test

Template:Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms and signs Template:Nervous and musculoskeletal system symptoms and signs Template:Urinary system symptoms and signs Template:Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour symptoms and signs Template:Speech and voice symptoms and signs Template:General symptoms and signs

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Symptoms and signs: Symptoms concerning nutrition, metabolism and development (R62–R64, 783)

Ingestion/Weight|

decrease: Anorexia • Weight loss/Cachexia/Underweight

increase: Polyphagia • Polydipsia • Orexigenia • Weight gain

Growth|

Delayed milestone • Failure to thrive • Short stature (e.g., Idiopathic)

simple:headache

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