Hearing impairment

The International Symbol for Deafness

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Social Impact

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Synonyms and keywords: Hearing impairment, deafness, decreased hearing; loss of hearing

## Overview

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## Historical Perspective

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## Classification

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## Pathophysiology

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## Causes

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## Differentiating Hearing Impairment from other Diseases

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## Epidemiology and Demographics

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## Risk Factors

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## Screening

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## Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

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## Diagnosis

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History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | CT | MRI | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

## Treatment

[edit | edit source]

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Social Impact | Future or Investigational Therapies

## Case Studies

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Case #1

## Related Chapters

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* Audism, discrimination against Deaf and hard-of-hearing people
* Auditory brainstem response (ABR) test
* Deaf culture
* Hearing impairment with craniofacial syndromes
* King-Kopetzky syndrome
* Models of deafness for a comparison of the medical, disability and cultural models of deafness.
* Mondini Dysplasia
* Noise induced Hearing impairment
* Noise pollution
* Post-lingual hearing impairment
* Pre-lingual deafness
* Tinnitus
* Unilateral Hearing impairment

## External Links

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* World Health Organization fact sheet on deafness and hearing impairment
* National Association of the Deaf. The NAD protects deaf and hard of hearing civil rights.

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Geriatrics

Health in Geriatrics|

Physical activity in the elderly • Nutrition and diet in the elderly • Hypertension in the elderly • Sexual function in the elderly • Cardiovascular disease prevention in the elderly • Respiratory disease and flu prevention in the elderly • Cancer screening in the elderly • Endocrine function and metabolism in the elderly • Longevity • Rejuvenation • Anti-aging • Nursing in the elderly • Physical therapy and rehabilitation • Myocardial infarction in the elderly • Bladder control problems • Encopresis • Bening prostatic hypertrophy • Pressure ulcers

Psychiatric conditions|

Dementia • Delirium • Depression • Sleep disorders in the elderly • Memory loss •

Palliative care|

Hearing impairment • Visual impairment •

Cardiovascular system|

Hypertension • Syncope • Coronary artery disease • Myocardial infarction • Peripheral arterial disease • Carotid bruit • Heart murmurs • Chest pain • Syncope in the elderly

Respiratory system|

Dyspnea • Orthopnoea • Stridor • Wheeze • Hyperventilation • Mouth breathing • Hiccup • Bradypnea • Hypoventilation • Asphyxia • Pleurisy • Respiratory arrest • Sputum • Rales •

Oncology related issues|

Hyperplasia • Cyst • Pseudocyst • Hamartoma • Benign tumor • Colorectal cancer • Dysplasia • Carcinoma in situ • Cancer • Metastasis • Oral • Head/Neck • Nasopharyngeal • Staging/grading • Carcinogenesis • Carcinogen • Research • Paraneoplastic syndrome

Digestive system: (Esophagus • Stomach • Small intestine • Colon/rectum • Appendix • Anus) • glands (Liver • Bile duct • Gallbladder • Pancreas)

Respiratory system: Larynx • Lung •

Bone, articular cartilage, skin, and connective tissue: Bone • (Tailbone) • Skin • Blood

Urogenital: Breast and female genital organs (Breast • Vagina • Cervix, Uterus • Endometrium • Ovaries) Male genital organs (Penis • Prostate • Testicles) • urinary organs (Kidney • Bladder)

Nervous system: Eye • (Uvea) • Brain • (Choroid plexus)

Endocrine system: Thyroid (Papillary • Follicular, Medullary • Anaplastic) • Adrenal tumor • (Adrenocortical carcinoma • Pheochromocytoma) • Pituitary

Neurological system|

Alzheimer disease • Parkinson's disease • Stroke •

Rheumatologic and Musculosceletal system|

Difficulty walking • Falls and Injuries • Arthritis • Sarcopenia •

Hepatic and Gastrointestinal system|

Difficulty swallowing • Malnutrition •

Endocrine system and metabolism|

Diabetes mellitus • Thyroid disease • Osteoporosis •

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