Hypopharyngeal cancer causes

Hypopharyngeal cancer Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Gertrude Djouka, M.D.[2], Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [3]

## Overview

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There are no direct causes for hypopharngeal cancer. However, there are some common risk factors that may lead to gene mutations and cause the hypopharyngeal cancer.

## Causes

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There are no established direct causes for hypopharngeal cancer. Common risk factors for hypopharyngeal cancer can be found here.[1]

## References

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1. ↑ What are the risk factors for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers?. Cancer.org. Accessed on October 13, 2015. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/laryngealandhypopharyngealcancer/overviewguide/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer-overview-what-causes