Infectious disease classification

Infectious disease Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Infectious Disease from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Transmission

Diagnosis

Indication of Tests

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Infectious disease classification On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

[1]

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Infectious disease classification

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA onInfectious disease classification

CDC on Infectious disease classification

disease classification in the news

Blogs on Infectious disease classification

Directions to Hospitals Treating Infectious disease

Risk calculators and risk factors for Infectious disease classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]

## Overview

[edit | edit source]

Among the almost infinite varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals.[1] Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen depends upon the ability of that pathogen to damage the host as well as the ability of the host to resist the pathogen. Infectious microorganisms, or microbes, are therefore classified as either primary pathogens or as opportunistic pathogens according to the status of host defenses.

## Classification

[edit | edit source]

Infectious disease are caused by pathogenic microorganisms. These disease can be categorized into 4 main categories:

* Bacterial infections
* Viral infecions
* Fungal infections
* Parasitic infections

#### Bacterial infections

[edit | edit source]

Bacterial infections can be classified based on their cellular features and specificities including:

* Cellular wall thickness: Gram staining mathod
* Gram positive bacteria
* Gram negative bacteria
* Microscopic shape
* Bacillus shaped bacteria
* Branchig shaped bacteria
* Coccus shaped bacteria
* Coma shaped bacteria
* Use an O2-dependent system to generate ATP
* Aerobics
* Anaerobics
* Oxidative damage susceptibility=Catalase enzyme
* Catalase positive bacteria
* Catalase negative bacteria
* Oxidase containing method
* Oxidase positive bacteria
* Oxidase negative bacteria
* Lactose fermenting method
* Lactose fermenting bacteria
* Non-lactose fermenting bacteria
* Coagulase containing method
* Coagulase positive bacteria
* Coagulase negative bacteria

Viral classification:

* Genetic material
* DNA virus
* RNA virus
* Number of genetic copies in the virus
* Single stranded genome
* Double stranded genome

RNA viruses themselves can be categorized based on their ability to use host cell polymerizes or need to bring their own polymerizes with themselves into 2 categories:

* Positive stranded viruses
* Negative stranded viruses

## Bacterial classification

[edit | edit source]

| Bacteria|

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| Gram staining|

| Gram positive|

| Aerobic|

| Anerobic|

Bacillus shaped bacteria|

| Branching shaped bacteria|

| Bacillus shaped bacteria|

| Coccus shaped bacteria|

| Branching shaped bacteria|

Listeria
Bacillus
Corynebacterium|

| Nocardia|

| Clostridium
Propionibacterium|

| Staphylococcus
Streptococcus|

| Actinomyces|

| Gram negative|

| Coccus shaped bacteria|

| Bacillus shaped bacteria|

| Comma shaped bacteria|

| Campylobacter jejuni
Vibrio cholerae
Helicobacter pylori|

| Diplococcus shaped gram negative bacteria|

| Coccobacillus shaped gram negative bacteria|

| Neisseria gonorrhoaea
Neisseia meningtidis
Moraxella|

| Haemophilus influenzae
Pasteurella
Brucella
Bordetella pertussis
Francisella tularensis|

| Lactose fermentation|

| Positive|

| Negative|

| Klebsiella
Escherichia coli
Enterobacter
Citrobacter
Serratia|

| Pseudomonas
Shigella
Salmonella
Yersinia
Proteus|

## Viral classification

[edit | edit source]

| Virus classification|

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| Viral genome type|

| DNA viruses|

| RNA viruses

| ssDNA|

| dsDNA|

| ssRNA|

| dsRNA

| Parvovirus|

| Reoviridae

| Linear genome|

| Circular genome|

| Positive strand|

| Negative strand|

| Herpes virus
Adenovirus
Poxvirus
Parvovirus

| Papillomavirus
Polyomavirus
Hepadnavirus|

| Picornaviruses
Hepevirus
Caliciviruses
Flaviviruses
Togaviruses
Retroviruses
Coronaviruses
Arenaviruses|

| Arenavirus
Bunyavirus
Paramyxovirus
Orthomyxoviruses
Filoviruses
Rhabdoviruses|

## Fungal classification

[edit | edit source]

| Mycology classification|

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| Main infectious sites and methods|

| Systemic mycoses|

| Cutaneous mycoses

| Histoplasma
Blastomyces
Coccidioidomyces
Paracoccidioidomyces|

| Opportunistic fungal infections|

| Candida albicans
Aspergillus fumigatus
Cryptococcus neoformans
Mucor spp.
Rhizopus spp.
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Sporothrix schenckii

| Tinea dermatophytes|

| Tinea pityriasis versicolor|

| Tinea capitis
Tinea corporis
Tinea cruris
Tinea pedis
Tinea unguium|

| Malassezia spp.
(a Pityrosporum spp.)|

## Parasitic classification

[edit | edit source]

| Parasites classification|

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| Main categories|

Ectoparasites|

| Protozoa|

| Worms
Sarcoptes scabiei
Pediculus humanus
Phthirus pubis|

| gastrointestinal infections|

| CNS infections|

| hematologic infections|

| Visceral infections
and
Sexual transmitted diseases|

| Nematodes (roundworms)|

| Cestodes (tapeworms)|

| Trematodes (flukes)

| Giardia lamblia
Entamoeba histolytica
Cryptosporidium|

| Toxoplasma gondii
Naegleria fowleri
Trypanosoma brucei|

| Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium malariae
Babesia|

| Trypanosoma cruzi
Leishmania donovani
Trichomonas vaginalis|

| Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm)
Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)
Ancylostoma duodenale
Necator americanus (hookworms)
Trichinella spiralis
Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)
Toxocara canis
Onchocerca volvulus
Loa loa
Wuchereria bancrofti|

| Taenia solium
Diphyllobothrium latum
Echinococcus granulosus|

| Schistosoma
Clonorchis sinensis

## References

[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ This section incorporatespublic domain materials included in the text: Medical Microbiology Fourth Edition: Chapter 8 (1996) . Baron, Samuel MD. The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.

Template:WikiDoc Sources