Insomnia epidemiology and demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  , Adnan Ezici, M.D[2]

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## Overview

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The prevalence of insomnia disorder is 10,000-20,000 per 100,000 (10%-20%) in the primary care setting. There is no significant association between increased risk of death and insomnia. Insomnia is found to be higher in incidence among the population of age <35 years. There is no racial predilection to insomnia disorder. However, sleep disturbances more likely affect individuals of the black race.

## Epidemiology and Demographics

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### Incidence and Prevalence

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Insomnia affects 10-50% of the population worldwide. The prevalence of insomnia disorder is 10,000-20,000 per 100,000 (10%-20%) in the primary care setting.[1]According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in year 2007, approximately 64 million Americans suffer from insomnia each year.[2] Insomnia tends to increase with age and affects about 40 percent of women and 30 percent of men.[3] The average American gets 7 hours of sleep, instead of the 8 to 10 hours recommended by doctors. Children, however, are recommended more than 8 hours.

### Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate

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There is no significant association between increased risk of death and insomnia.[4]

### Age and Gender

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Insomnia is found to be higher in incidence among the population of age <35 years. The females are more affected than males but the values are statistically insignificant. [5].[6]

### Race

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There is no racial predilection to insomnia disorder. However, sleep disturbances more likely affect individuals of the black race.[7][8]

## References

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1. ↑ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.
2. ↑ "Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)". Retrieved 2007-12-16.
3. ↑ "Insomnia". Retrieved 2007-12-16.
4. ↑ Lovato N, Lack L (February 2019). "Insomnia and mortality: A meta-analysis". Sleep Med Rev. 43: 71–83. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2018.10.004. PMID 30529432.
5. ↑ Bhaskar S, Hemavathy D, Prasad S. Prevalence of chronic insomnia in adult patients and its correlation with medical comorbidities. J Family Med Prim Care. 2016;5(4):780-784. doi:10.4103/2249-4863.201153
6. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6732697
7. ↑ Grandner MA, Williams NJ, Knutson KL, Roberts D, Jean-Louis G (2016). "Sleep disparity, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic position". Sleep Med. 18: 7–18. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.01.020. PMC 4631795. PMID 26431755.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
8. ↑ Petrov ME, Lichstein KL (2016). "Differences in sleep between black and white adults: an update and future directions". Sleep Med. 18: 74–81. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.01.011. PMID 25754383.