Insomnia risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Adnan Ezici, M.D[2]

## Overview

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Common risk factors in the development of insomnia include advancing age, poor health conditions, lack of social connection, and female gender.

## Risk Factors

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Common risk factors for insomnia include_AJMC-1|[1][2][3]:

* Gender (Female)
* Advancing age
* Lack of social connection
* Feeling lonely
* Widow/Divorced/Separated
* Depression
* Anxiety or worry-prone personality
* Chronic daily stress
* Unemployed
* Lower educational qualification
* Economic inactivity
* Familial disposition
* Fear of not sleeping
* Increased arousal
* Irregular sleep scheduling
* Excessive caffeine use
* Irregular sleep schedules
* Major life events (e.g., illness, separation)
* Noise
* Poor sleep habits
* Light
* Poor sleep hygiene practices
* Tendency to repress emotions
* Uncomfortably high or low temperature
* High altitude
* Military Deployment
* Racial Discrimintion[4]

## References

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1. _AJMC_1-0|↑ "Insomnia Overview: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Monitoring, and Nonpharmacologic Therapy | AJMC".
2. ↑ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.
3. ↑ Sutton EL (2021). "Insomnia". Ann Intern Med. 174 (3): ITC33–ITC48. doi:10.7326/AITC202103160. PMID 33683929 Check `|pmid=` value (help).
4. ↑ Cheng P, Cuellar R, Johnson DA, Kalmbach DA, Joseph CL, Cuamatzi Castelan A, Sagong C, Casement MD, Drake CL (October 2020). "Racial discrimination as a mediator of racial disparities in insomnia disorder". Sleep Health. 6 (5): 543–549. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.07.007. PMC 7485499 Check `|pmc=` value (help). PMID 32928711 Check `|pmid=` value (help).