Lisp

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

## Background[edit | edit source]

A lisp (O E wlisp, stammering)[1] is a speech impediment, historically also known as sigmatism.[2] Stereotypically, people with a lisp are unable to pronounce sibilants (like the sound [[Voiceless alveolar fricative|Template:IPA]]), and replace them with interdentals (like the sound [[Voiceless dental fricative|Template:IPA]]), though there are actually several kinds of lisp. The result is that the speech is unclear.

* "Interdental" lisping is produced when the tip of the tongue protrudes between the front teeth and "dentalised" lisping is produced when the tip of the tongue just touches the front teeth.

* The "lateral" lisp, where the Template:IPA and Template:IPA sounds are produced with air escaping over the sides of the tongue, is also called 'slushy ess' or a 'slushy lisp' due to the wet, spitty sound. The symbols for these lateralized sounds are in the Extended International Phonetic Alphabet for speech disorders, Template:IPA and Template:IPA.

* Finally there is the "palatal lisp" where the speaker attempts to make the sounds with the tongue in contact with the palate.[2]

## See also[edit | edit source]

* Speech sound disorder
* Gay lisp
* Stuttering

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ Concise English Dictionary Wordsworth Editions Ltd. 1994, ISBN 1-85326-328-1
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bowen, Caroline. "Lisping - when /s/ and /z/ are hard to say". Retrieved 2006-03-07.

* v
* t
* e

WHO ICD-10 mental and behavioral disorders (F * 290–319)

Neurological/symptomatic|

Dementia (Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, Pick's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, AIDS dementia complex, Frontotemporal dementia) * Delirium * Post-concussion syndrome

Psychoactive substance|

Intoxication (drunkenness) * Physical dependence (alcohol dependence, opioid dependency, cocaine dependence) * Withdrawal (benzodiazepine withdrawal, delirium tremens) *
Amnesic: (Korsakoff's syndrome)

Psychotic disorder|

Schizophrenia (disorganized schizophrenia) * Schizotypal personality disorder * Delusional disorder * Folie à deux * Schizoaffective disorder

Mood (affective)|

Mania * Bipolar disorder * Clinical depression * Cyclothymia * Dysthymia

Neurotic, stress-related
and somatoform|

Agoraphobia * Anxiety disorder * Panic disorder * Generalized anxiety disorder * Social Anxiety Disorder * OCD * Acute stress reaction * PTSD * Adjustment disorder * Conversion disorder (Ganser syndrome) * Somatoform disorder * Somatization disorder * Neurasthenia

Physiological/physical
behavioural|

Eating disorder (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa) * Sleep disorder (dyssomnia, insomnia, hypersomnia, parasomnia, night terror, nightmare) *
Sexual dysfunction (erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, vaginismus, dyspareunia, hypersexuality) * Postpartum depression

Adult personality
and behaviour|

Personality disorder * Passive-aggressive behavior * Kleptomania * Trichotillomania * Voyeurism * Factitious disorder * Munchausen syndrome * Ego-dystonic sexual orientation

Mental retardation|

Mental retardation

Psychological development
(developmental disorder)|

Specific: speech and language (expressive language disorder, aphasia, expressive aphasia, receptive aphasia, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, lisp) * Scholastic skills (dyslexia, dysgraphia, Gerstmann syndrome) * Motor function (developmental dyspraxia)
Pervasive: Autism * Rett syndrome * Asperger syndrome

Behavioural and emotional,
childhood and adolescence onset|

ADHD * Conduct disorder * Oppositional defiant disorder * Separation anxiety disorder * Selective mutism * Reactive attachment disorder * Tic disorder * Tourette syndrome * Speech (stuttering * cluttering)

de:Lispeln it:Sigmatismo lt:Šveplavimas

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