List of food additives

This is an alphabetical list of food additives. For related lists, see also: List of food additives, Codex Alimentarius and E number.

This article is incomplete. Please help by expanding it.

## List of food additive types

[edit | edit source]

* Acidity regulators
* Anti-caking agents
* Anti-foaming agents
* Food coloring
* Color fixatives
* Color retention agents
* Emulsifiers
* Firming agents
* Flavor enhancer
* Flour treatment agents
* Food acids
* Gelling agents
* Glazing agents
* Humectants
* Improving agents
* Mineral salts
* Preservatives
* Antioxidants
* Propellants
* Seasonings
* Sequestrants
* Stabilizers
* Sweeteners
* Artificial sweeteners
* Thickeners
* Vegetable gums

Caffeine and other GRAS (generally recognized as safe) additives such as sugar and salt are not required to go through the regulation process.

## Alphabetical index of food additives

[edit | edit source]

Template:CompactTOC

## 0-9

[edit | edit source]

* 1,4-heptonolactone \- food acid
* 2-hydroxybiphenyl \- preservative

## A

[edit | edit source]

* Abietic acid -
* Acacia vera -
* Acacia -
* Acesulfame potassium \- artificial sweetener
* Acesulfame -
* Acetic acid \- acidity regulator
* Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids - emulsifier
* Acetylated distarch adipate \- thickener, vegetable gum
* Acetylated distarch phosphate \- thickener, vegetable gum
* Acetylated oxidised starch \- thickener, vegetable gum
* Acetylated starch \- thickener, vegetable gum
* Acid treated starch \- thickener, vegetable gum
* Adipic acid \- food acid
* Agar \- thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent
* Alcohol -
* Alfalfa -
* Alginic acid \- thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier
* Alitame \- artificial sweetener
* Alkaline treated starch \- thickener, vegetable gum
* Alkanet \- color (red)
* Allspice -
* Allura red AC \- color (FDA: FD&C Red #40)
* Almond oil \- used as a substitute for olive oil. Also used as an emollient.
* Aluminium \- color (silver)
* Aluminium ammonium sulfate \- mineral salt
* Aluminium potassium sulfate \- mineral salt
* Aluminium silicate \- anti-caking agent
* Aluminium sodium sulfate \- mineral salt
* Aluminium sulfate \- mineral salt
* Amaranth \- color (red) (FDA: [DELISTED] Red #2) Note that amaranth dye is unrelated to the amaranth plant
* Amaranth oil \- high in squalene and unsaturated fatty acids \- used in food and cosmetic industries.
* Amchur (mango powder)
* Ammonium acetate \- preservative, acidity regulator
* Ammonium adipates \- acidity regulator
* Ammonium alginate \- thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier
* Ammonium bicarbonate \- mineral salt
* Ammonium carbonate \- mineral salt
* Ammonium chloride \- mineral salt
* Ammonium ferrocitrate \- food acid
* Ammonium fumarate \- food acid
* Ammonium hydroxide \- mineral salt
* Ammonium lactate \- food acid
* Ammonium malate \- food acid
* Ammonium phosphates \- mineral salt
* Ammonium phosphatides \- emulsifier
* Ammonium polyphosphates \- anti-caking agent
* Ammonium sulfate \- mineral salt, improving agent
* Amylases \- flour treatment agent
* Angelica (Angelica archangelica)
* Anise -
* Annatto \- color
* Anthocyanins \- color
* Apricot oil \- a cooking oil from certain cultivars.
* Arabinogalactan \- thickener, vegetable gum
* Argan oil \- a food oil from Morocco that has also attracted recent attention in Europe.
* Argon \- propellant
* Rocket (Arugula)
* Asafoetida -
* Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) \- antioxidant (water soluble)
* Ascorbyl palmitate \- antioxidant (fat soluble)
* Ascorbyl stearate \- antioxidant (fat soluble)
* Aspartame \- artificial sweetener
* Astaxanthin \- color
* Avocado oil \- used a substitute for olive oil. Also used in cosmetics and skin care products.
* Azodicarbonamide \- flour bleaching agent. Also used in the production of foamed plastics and the manufacture of gaskets. Banned as a food additive in Australia and Europe.
* Azorubine \- color (red) (FDA: Ext D&C Red #10)

## B

[edit | edit source]

* Babassu oil \- similar to, and used as a substitute for coconut oil.
* Baking powder \- leavening agent; includes acid and base
* Baking soda \- food base
* Balm, lemon -
* Balm oil -
* Balsam peru -
* Barberry -
* Barley flour -
* Basil (Ocimum basilicum) -
* Basil extract -
* Bay leaves -
* Beeswax \- glazing agent
* Beet red \- color (red)
* Beetroot red - color (red)
* Ben oil \- extracted from the seeds of the moringa oleifera. High in behenic acid. Extremely stable edible oil. Also suitable for biofuel.
* Bentonite \- anti-caking agent
* Benzoic acid \- preservative
* Benzoyl peroxide \- flour treatment agent
* Berebere -
* Beta-apo-8'-carotenal (C 30) - color
* Beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid ethyl ester \- color
* Betanin \- color (red)
* Biphenyl \- preservative
* Bison grass (Hierochloe odorata)
* Bixin \- color
* Black 7984 \- color (brown and black)
* Black cardamom -
* Black cumin -
* Blackcurrant seed oil \- used as a food supplement, because of high content of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Also used in cosmetics.
* Black limes -
* Pepper (black, white, and green) -
* Black PN \- color (brown and black)
* Bleached starch \- thickener, vegetable gum
* Bolivian Coriander (Porophyllum ruderale) -
* Bone phosphate \- anti-caking agent
* Borage (Borago officinalis) -
* Borage seed oil \- similar to blackcurrant seed oil \- used primarily medicinally.
* Borax \- preservative
* Boric acid \- preservative
* Brilliant Black BN\- color (brown and black)
* Brilliant blue FCF \- color (FDA: FD&C Blue #1)
* Brilliant Scarlet 4R \- color (FDA: Ext D&C Red #8)
* Brominated vegetable oil \- emulsifier, stabiliser
* Brown FK \- color (brown and black)
* Bush tomato -
* Butane \- propellant
* Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) - antioxidant (fat soluble)
* Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) - antioxidant (fat soluble)

## C

[edit | edit source]

* Cacao shell -
* Cachou extract -
* Cactus root extract -
* Cadinene -
* Caffeine \- stimulant
* Cajeput oil -
* Calamus -
* Calcium 5'-ribonucleotides \- flavor enhancer
* Calcium acetate \- preservative, acidity regulator
* Calcium alginate \- thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier
* Calcium ascorbate \- antioxidant (water soluble)
* Calcium aluminosilicate (calcium aluminium silicate) - anti-caking agent
* Calcium ascorbate (Vitamin C)
* Calcium benzoate \- preservative
* Calcium bisulfite \- preservative, antioxidant
* Calcium carbonates \- color (white), anticaking agent, stabiliser
* Calcium chloride \- mineral salt
* Calcium citrates \- food acid, firming agent
* Calcium diglutamate \- flavor enhancer
* Calcium disodium EDTA \- preservative
* Calcium ferrocyanide \- anti-caking agent
* Calcium formate \- preservative
* Calcium fumarate \- food acid
* Calcium gluconate \- acidity regulator
* Calcium guanylate \- flavor enhancer
* Calcium hydrogen sulfite \- preservative, antioxidant
* Calcium hydroxide \- mineral salt
* Calcium inosinate \- flavor enhancer
* Calcium lactate \- food acid
* Calcium lactobionate \- stabilizer
* Calcium malates \- food acid
* Calcium oxide \- mineral salt
* Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5)
* Calcium peroxide -
* Calcium phosphates \- mineral salt, anti-caking agent, firming agent
* Calcium polyphosphates \- anti-caking agent
* Calcium propionate \- preservative
* Calcium salts of fatty acids - emulsifier, stabiliser, anti-caking agent
* Calcium silicate \- anti-caking agent
* Calcium sorbate \- preservative
* Calcium stearoyl lactylate \- emulsifier
* Calcium sulfate \- flour treatment agent, mineral salt, sequestrant, improving agent, firming agent
* Calcium sulfite \- preservative, antioxidant
* Calcium tartrate \- food acid, emulsifier
* False flax oil made of the seeds of Camelina sativa \- available in Russia as ????????? ?????. Considered promising as a food or fuel oil.
* Camomile -
* Candelilla wax \- glazing agent
* Candle nut -
* Canola oil/Rapeseed oil, one of the most widely used cooking oils, from a (trademarked) cultivar of rapeseed.
* Canthaxanthin \- color
* Caper (Capparis spinosa)
* Capsanthin \- color
* Capsorubin \- color
* Caramel I (plain) - color (brown and black)
* Caramel II (Caustic Sulfite process) - color (brown and black)
* Caramel III (Ammonia process) - color (brown and black)
* Caramel IV (Ammonia sulfite process) - color (brown and black)
* Caraway -
* Carbamide \- flour treatment agent
* Carbon black \- color (brown and black)
* Carbon dioxide \- acidity regulator, propellant
* Cardamom -
* Carmoisine \- color (red) (FDA: Ext D&C Red #10)
* Carnauba wax \- glazing agent
* Carob Pod -
* Carob pod oil/Algaroba oil, used medicinally.
* Carotenes \- color
* Alpha-carotene \- color
* Beta-carotene \- color
* Gamma-carotene \- color
* Carrageenan \- thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier
* Carrot oil -
* Cashew oil \- somewhat comparable to olive oil. May have value for fighting dental cavities. [1]
* Cassia -
* Catechu extract -
* Celery salt -
* Celery seed -
* Wheat germ oil \- used as a food supplement, and for its "grainy" flavor. Also used medicinally. Highly unstable.
* Chalk \- color (white), anticaking agent, stabiliser
* Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium) -
* Chicory -
* Chile pepper -
* Chili powder -
* Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) -
* Chlorine dioxide \- flour treatment agent
* Chlorine \- flour treatment agent
* Chlorophylls and Chlorophyllins \- color (green)
* Chocolate Brown HT \- color
* Choline salts and esters - emulsifier
* Chrysoine resorcinol \- color (red)
* Cicely (Myrrhis odorata)
* Sweet cicely (Myrrhis odorata)
* Cilantro (see Coriander) (Coriandrum sativum)
* Cinnamon -
* Cinnamon oil \- used for flavoring.
* Citranaxanthin \- color
* Citric acid \- food acid
* Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids - emulsifier
* Citrus red 2 \- color (red)
* Cloves -
* Cochineal \- color (red)
* Coconut oil \- a cooking oil, high in saturated fat \- particularly used in baking and cosmetics.
* Sage (Salvia officinalis) -
* Copper complexes of chlorophylls - color (green)
* Coriander -
* Coriander seed oil \- used medicinally. Also used as a flavoring agent in pharmaceutical and food industries.
* Corn oil \- one of the most common, and inexpensive cooking oils.
* Corn syrup -
* Cottonseed oil \- a major food oil, often used in industrial food processing.
* Cress -
* carmines \- color (red)
* Crocetin \- color
* Crocin \- color
* Crosslinked Sodium carboxymethylcellulose \- emulsifier
* Cryptoxanthin \- color
* Cumin -
* Cumin oil/Black seed oil - used as a flavor, particularly in meat products. Also used in veterinary medicine.
* Cupric sulfate \- mineral salt
* Curcumin \- color (yellow and orange)
* Curry powder -
* Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii) -
* Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) -
* Cyclamates \- artificial sweetener
* Cyclamic acid \- artificial sweetener
* beta-cyclodextrin \- emulsifier
* Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus, C. flexuosus, and other species) -

## D

[edit | edit source]

* Damiana (Turnera aphrodisiaca, T. diffusa) -
* Dandelion leaf -
* Dandelion root -
* Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) -
* Decanal dimethyl acetal -
* Decanal -
* Decanoic acid -
* Dehydroacetic acid \- preservative
* Delta-tocopherol(synthetic) - antioxidant
* Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) medicinal
* Dextrin roasted starch \- thickener, vegetable gum
* Diacetyltartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids - emulsifier
* Dicalcium diphosphate \- anti-caking agent
* Dilauryl thiodipropionate \- antioxidant
* Dill seed -
* Dill (Anethum graveolens) -
* Dimethyl dicarbonate \- preservative
* Dimethylpolysiloxane \- emulsifier, anti-caking agent
* Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate \- emulsifier
* Diphenyl \- preservative
* Diphosphates \- mineral salt, emulsifier
* Dipotassium guanylate \- flavor enhancer
* Dipotassium inosinate \- flavor enhancer
* Disodium 5'-ribonucleotides \- flavor enhancer
* Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate \- antioxidant, preservative
* Disodium guanylate \- flavor enhancer
* Disodium inosinate \- flavor enhancer
* Distarch phosphate \- thickener, vegetable gum
* Distearyl thiodipropionate \- antioxidant
* Dl-alpha-tocopherol (synthetic) - antioxidant
* Dodecyl gallate \- antioxidant

## E

[edit | edit source]

* Echinacea -
* EDTA -
* Egg -
* Egg yolk -
* Eggwhite -
* Elderberry -
* Eleutherococcus senticosus -
* Enzymatically hydrolyzed Carboxymethyl cellulose \- emulsifier
* Enzyme treated starch \- thickener, vegetable gum
* Epazote (Chenopodium ambrosioides)
* Epsom salts \- mineral salt, acidity regulator, firming agent
* Erythorbin acid \- antioxidant
* Erythrosine \- color (red) (FDA: FD&C Red #3)
* Erythritol \- artificial sweetener
* Ethanol (alcohol) -
* Ethyl maltol \- flavor enhancer
* Ethyl methyl cellulose \- thickener, vegetable gum, emulsifier
* Ethylparaben (ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate) - preservative
* Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid -
* Evening primrose oil \- used as a food supplement for its purported medicinal properties.

## F

[edit | edit source]

* Fantesk -
* Farnesol -
* Fast green FCF \- color (FDA: FD&C Green #3)
* Fat -
* Favoxanthin \- color
* Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
* Fenugreek -
* Ferric ammonium citrate \- food acid
* Ferrous gluconate \- color retention agent
* Ferrous lactate -
* Filé powder -
* Five-spice powder (Chinese) -
* Fo-ti-tieng -
* Formaldehyde \- preservative
* Formic acid \- preservative
* Fructose -
* Fumaric acid \- acidity regulator

## G

[edit | edit source]

* Galangal -
* Galangal root -
* Galbanum oil -
* Gallic acid -
* Gamma-tocopherol(synthetic) - antioxidant
* Garam masala -
* Garlic extract -
* Garlic -
* Garlic oil -
* Gelatin -
* gelatine (not classified as an additive) - Gelling agent, emulsifier
* Gellan gum \- thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier
* Ginger -
* Ginger oil -
* Ginger root -
* Ginseng -
* Glacial Acetic acid \- preservative, acidity regulator
* Glucitol -
* Gluconate -
* Glucono-delta-lactone \- acidity regulator
* Glucose oxidase \- antioxidant
* Glucose syrup \- sweetener
* Glutamate -
* Glutamic acid \- flavor enhancer
* Gluten -
* Glycerin \- humectant, sweetener
* Glycerol -
* Glycerol esters of wood rosin \- emulsifier
* Glyceryl distearate \- emulsifier
* Glyceryl monostearate \- emulsifier
* Glycine \- flavor enhancer
* Glyoxylic acid -
* Gold \- color (gold)
* Grains of paradise -
* Grape color extract -
* Grape seed oil \- suitable for cooking at high temperatures. Also used as a salad oil, and in cosmetics.
* Green S \- color (green)
* Green tea -
* Guanylic acid \- flavor enhancer
* Guar gum \- thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer
* Guaranine -
* Gum acacia \- thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier
* Gum arabic \- thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier
* Gum guaicum \- preservative

## H

[edit | edit source]

* Haw bark -
* Hazelnut oil \- used for its flavor. Also used in skin care, because of its slight astringent nature.
* Heliotropin -
* Helium \- propellant
* Hemlock oil -
* Hemp oil \- a high quality food oil.
* Heptyl p-hydroxybenzoate \- preservative
* Hesperidin -
* Hexamine (hexamethylene tetramine) - preservative
* Hexyl acetate -
* High fructose corn syrup -
* Horseradish -
* Hydrochloric acid \- acidity regulator
* Hydroxypropyl cellulose \- thickener, vegetable gum, emulsifier
* Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate \- thickener, vegetable gum
* Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose \- thickener, vegetable gum, emulsifier
* Hydroxypropyl starch \- thickener, vegetable gum
* Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) -

## I

[edit | edit source]

* Indanthrene blue RS \- color (blue)
* Indigo carmine \- color (blue) (FDA: FD&C Blue #2)
* Indigotine \- color (blue) (FDA: FD&C Blue #2)
* Indole -
* Inosinate -
* Inosinic acid \- flavor enhancer
* Inositol -
* Insoluble fiber -
* Intense sweeteners -
* Invert sugar -
* Invertase -
* Iron ammonium citrate -
* Iron -
* Iron oxides and hydroxides - color
* Isobutane \- propellant
* Isomalt \- humectant
* Isopropyl citrates \- antioxidant, preservative

## J

[edit | edit source]

* Jasmine -
* Jamaican jerk spice -
* Jasmine absolute -
* Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum) -
* Juniper -
* Juniper berry -
* Juniper berry oil \- used as a flavor. Also used medicinally, including traditional medicine.
* Juniper extract -

## K

[edit | edit source]

* Kaffir Lime Leaves (Citrus hystrix, C. papedia) -
* Kaolin \- anti-caking agent
* Kapok seed oil \- used as an edible oil, and in soap production.[2]
* Karaya gum \- thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier
* Kelp -
* Kokam -
* Kola nut extract -
* Konjac \- thickener, vegetable gum
* Konjac glucomannate \- thickener, vegetable gum
* Konjac gum \- thickener, vegetable gum

## L

[edit | edit source]

* L-cysteine \- flour treatment agent
* Lactic acid \- acidity regulator, preservative, antioxidant
* Lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids - emulsifier
* Lactitol \- humectant
* Lactose -
* Lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propylene glycol \- emulsifier
* Larch gum -
* Lard -
* Latolrubine \- color
* Laurel berry -
* Laurel leaf oil -
* Lavender (Lavandula spp.)
* Lavender oil -
* Lecithins \- antioxidant, Emulsifier
* Lecithin citrate \- preservative
* Legume -
* Lemon -
* Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) -
* Lemon extract -
* Lemon juice -
* Lemon Myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) -
* Lemon oil -
* Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) -
* Lemongrass oil -
* Leucine \- flavor enhancer
* Licorice -
* Lipases \- flavor enhancer
* Lithol Rubine BK \- color
* Litholrubine \- color
* Locust bean gum \- thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier
* Long pepper -
* Lovage (Levisticum officinale) -
* L(+)-Tartaric acid \- food acid
* Lutein \- color
* Lycopene \- color
* Lysine -
* Lysozyme \- preservative

## M

[edit | edit source]

* Macadamia oil \- used as an edible oil. Also used as a massage oil.
* Mace -
* Magnesium -
* Magnesium carbonate \- anti-caking agent, mineral salt
* Magnesium chloride \- mineral salt
* Magnesium citrate \- acidity regulator
* Magnesium diglutamate \- flavor enhancer
* Magnesium hydroxide \- mineral salt
* Magnesium lactate \- food acid
* Magnesium oxide \- anti-caking agent
* Magnesium phosphates \- mineral salt, anti-caking agent
* Magnesium salts of fatty acids - emulsifier, stabiliser, anti-caking agent
* Magnesium silicate \- anti-caking agent
* Magnesium stearate \- emulsifier, stabiliser
* Magnesium sulfate \- mineral salt, acidity regulator, firming agent
* Mahlab -
* Malabathrum -
* Malic acid \- acidity regulator
* Malt extract -
* Maltitol \- humectant, stabiliser
* Maltodextrin \- carbohydrate sweetener
* Maltol \- flavor enhancer
* Maltose -
* Mandarin oil
* Manganese -
* Mannitol \- humectant, anti-caking agent, sweetener
* Margarine -
* Marjoram (Origanum majorana)
* Mastic -
* Meadowfoam seed oil \- highly stable oil, with over 98% long-chain fatty acids. Competes with rapeseed oil for industrial applications. [3]
* Mentha arvensis oil/Mint oil, used in flavoring toothpastes, mouthwashes and pharmaceuticals, as well as in aromatherapy and other medicinal applications. [4]
* Metatartaric acid \- food acid, emulsifier
* Methionine -
* Methyl butyrate -
* Methyl disulfide -
* Methyl ethyl cellulose \- thickener, vegetable gum, emulsifier
* Methyl hexenoate -
* Methyl isobutyrate -
* Methylcellulose \- thickener, emulsifier, vegetable gum
* Methylparaben (methyl para-hydroxybenzoate) - preservative
* Methyltheobromine -
* Microcrystalline cellulose - anti-caking agent
* Milk thistle (Silybum) -
* Milk -
* Mint (Mentha spp.) -
* Mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids - emulsifier
* Modified starch -
* Molasses extract -
* Molybdenum -
* Bergamot (Monarda didyma) -
* Mono- and diglycerides of Fatty acids \- emulsifier
* Monoammonium glutamate \- flavor enhancer
* Monopotassium glutamate \- flavor enhancer
* Monosodium glutamate (MSG) - flavor enhancer
* Monostarch phosphate \- thickener, vegetable gum
* Montanic acid esters \- humectant
* Mullien (Verbascum thapsus)
* Mustard -
* Mustard oil (essential oil), containing a high percentage of allyl isothiocyanate or other isothiocyanates, depending on the species of mustard
* Mustard oil (pressed) - used in India as a cooking oil. Also used as a massage oil.
* Mustard plant -
* Mustard seed -

## N

[edit | edit source]

* Natamycin \- preservative
* Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone \- artificial sweetener
* Niacin (vitamin B3) - color retention agent
* nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) - color retention agent
* Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) - color retention agent
* Nigella (Kolanji, Black caraway) -
* Nisin \- preservative
* Nitrogen \- propellant
* Nitrous oxide \- propellant
* Norbixin \- color
* Nutmeg -

## O

[edit | edit source]

* Octyl gallate \- antioxidant
* Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis et al) -
* Okra oil (Hibiscus seed oil) - from the seed of the Hibiscus esculentus. Composed predominantly of oleic and lanoleic acids. [1]
* Oleomargarine -
* Olive oil \- used in cooking \- cosmetics \- soaps and as a fuel for traditional oil lamps
* Orange GGN \- color (orange)
* Orange oil \- like lemon oil \- cold pressed rather than distilled. Consists of 90% d-Limonene. Used as a fragrance, in cleaning products and in flavoring foods. [5]
* Orcein \- color (red)
* Orchil \- color (red)
* Oregano (Origanum vulgare, O. heracleoticum, and other species) -
* Oregano oil \- contains thymol and carvacrol \- making it a useful fungicide. Also used to treat digestive problems. [6]
* Orris root -
* Orthophenyl phenol \- preservative
* Oxidised polyethylene wax \- humectant
* Oxidised starch \- thickener, vegetable gum
* Oxystearin \- antioxidant, sequestrant

## P

[edit | edit source]

* Palm oil \- the most widely produced tropical oil. Also used to make biofuel.
* Panax ginseng -
* Panax quinquefolia -
* Ponch phoran -
* Pandan leaf -
* Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5) -
* Paprika -
* Paprika extract -
* Paraffins \- glazing agent
* Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) -
* Patent blue V \- color (blue)
* Peanut oil/Ground nut oil - mild-flavored cooking oil.
* Pecan oil \- valued as a food oil, but requiring fresh pecans for good quality oil. [7]
* Pectin \- vegetable gum, emulsifier
* Perilla seed oil \- high in omega-3 fatty acids. Used as an edible oil, for medicinal purposes, in skin care products and as a drying oil.
* Phosphated distarch phosphate \- thickener, vegetable gum
* Phosphoric acid \- food acid
* Phytic acid \- preservative
* Pigment Rubine \- color
* Pimaricin \- preservative
* Pine needle oil
* Pine seed oil \- an expensive food oil, used in salads and as a condiment. [8]
* Pistachio oil \- strongly flavored oil, particularly for use in salads. [9]
* Prune kernel oil \- marketed as a gourmet cooking oil [10]
* Poly vinyl pyrrolidone -
* Polydextrose \- humectant
* Polyethylene glycol 8000 \- antifoaming agent
* Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids \- emulsifier
* Polyglycerol polyricinoleate \- emulsifier
* Polymethylsiloxane \- antifoaming agent
* Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate \- emulsifier
* Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate \- emulsifier, stabilizer
* Polyphosphates \- mineral salt, emulsifier
* Polysorbate 20 \- emulsifier
* Polysorbate 40 \- emulsifier
* Polysorbate 60 \- emulsifier
* Polysorbate 65 \- emulsifier
* Polysorbate 80 \- emulsifier
* Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone \- color stabiliser
* Pomegranate seeds (though some consider these a fruit, not a spice)
* Ponceau 4R \- color (FDA: Ext D&C Red #8)
* Ponceau 6R \- color
* Ponceau SX \- color
* Poppy seed -
* Poppyseed oil \- used for cooking, moisturizing skin, and in paints, varnishes and soaps.
* Potassium acetates \- preservative, acidity regulator
* Potassium adipate \- food acid
* Potassium alginate \- thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier
* Potassium aluminium silicate \- anti-caking agent
* Potassium ascorbate \- antioxidant (water soluble)
* Potassium benzoate \- preservative
* Potassium bicarbonate \- mineral salt
* Potassium bisulfite \- preservative, antioxidant
* Potassium bromate \- flour treatment agent
* Potassium carbonate \- mineral salt
* Potassium chloride \- mineral salt
* Potassium citrates \- food acid
* Potassium ferrocyanide \- anti-caking agent
* Potassium fumarate \- food acid
* Potassium gluconate \- stabiliser
* Potassium hydrogen sulfite \- preservative, antioxidant
* Potassium hydroxide \- mineral salt
* Potassium lactate \- food acid
* Potassium malate \- food acid
* Potassium metabisulfite \- preservative, antioxidant
* Potassium nitrate \- preservative, color fixative
* Potassium nitrite \- preservative, color fixative
* Potassium phosphates \- mineral salt
* Potassium propionate \- preservative
* Potassium salts of fatty acids - emulsifier, stabiliser, anti-caking agent
* Potassium sodium tartrate \- food acid
* Potassium sorbate \- preservative
* Potassium sulfate \- mineral salt, seasoning
* Potassium sulfite \- preservative, antioxidant
* Potassium tartrates \- food acid
* Powdered Cellulose \- anti-caking agent
* Primrose (Primula) — candied flowers, tea
* Processed Eucheuma seaweed - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier
* Propane-1,2-diol alginate \- thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier
* Propionic acid \- preservative
* Propyl gallate \- antioxidant
* Propylene glycol \- humectant
* Propylene glycol alginate \- thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier
* Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids \- emulsifier
* Propylparaben (propyl para-hydroxybenzoate) - preservative
* Pumpkin seed oil \- a specialty cooking oil, produced in Austria and Slovenia. Doesn't tolerate high temperatures.
* Purslane -
* Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) -

## Q

[edit | edit source]

* Quatre épices -
* Quillaia extract - humectant
* Quinoa oil \- similar in composition and use to corn oil. [11]
* Quinoline yellow \- color (yellow and orange) (FDA: D&C Yellow #10)

## R

[edit | edit source]

* Ramtil oil \- pressed from the seeds of the one of several species of genus Guizotia abyssinica (Niger pea) in India and Ethiopia. Used for both cooking and lighting.
* Ras-el hanout
* Raspberry (leaves)
* Red 2G \- color
* Refined microcrystalline wax \- glazing agent
* Rhodoxanthin \- color
* Riboflavin (vitamin B2) - color (yellow and orange)
* Rice bran oil \- suitable for high temperature cooking. Widely used in Asia.
* Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) -
* Rubixanthin \- color

## S

[edit | edit source]

* Saccharin \- artificial sweetener
* Safflower oil \- a flavorless and colorless cooking oil.
* Safflower -
* Saffron \- color
* Saigon Cinnamon -
* Salad Burnet (Sanguisorba minor or Poterium sanguisorba)
* Salt -
* Sandalwood \- color
* Savory (Satureja hortensis, S. montana)
* Scarlet GN \- color
* Sesame oil \- used as a cooking oil, and as a massage oil, particularly in India.
* Sesame seed -
* Shellac \- glazing agent
* Silicon dioxide \- anti-caking agent
* Silver \- color (silver)
* Luohanguo
* Sodium acetate \- preservative, acidity regulator
* Sodium adipate \- food acid
* Sodium alginate \- thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier
* Sodium aluminium phosphate \- acidity regulator, emulsifier
* Sodium aluminosilicate (sodium aluminium silicate) - anti-caking agent
* Sodium ascorbate \- antioxidant (water soluble)
* Sodium benzoate \- preservative
* Sodium bicarbonate \- mineral salt
* Sodium bisulfite (sodium hydrogen sulfite) - preservative, antioxidant
* Sodium carbonate \- mineral salt
* Sodium carboxymethylcellulose \- emulsifier
* Sodium citrates \- food acid
* Sodium dehydroacetate \- preservative
* Sodium erythorbate \- antioxidant
* Sodium erythorbin \- antioxidant
* Sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate \- preservative
* Sodium ferrocyanide \- anti-caking agent
* Sodium formate \- preservative
* Sodium fumarate \- food acid
* Sodium gluconate \- stabiliser
* Sodium hydrogen acetate \- preservative, acidity regulator
* Sodium hydroxide \- mineral salt
* Sodium lactate \- food acid
* Sodium malates \- food acid
* Sodium metabisulfite \- preservative, antioxidant, bleaching agent
* Sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate \- preservative
* Sodium nitrate \- preservative, color fixative
* Sodium nitrite \- preservative, color fixative
* Sodium orthophenyl phenol \- preservative
* Sodium propionate \- preservative
* Sodium propyl para-hydroxybenzoate \- preservative
* Sodium sorbate \- preservative
* Sodium stearoyl lactylate \- emulsifier
* Sodium succinates \- acidity regulator, flavor enhancer
* Sodium salts of fatty acids - emulsifier, stabiliser, anti-caking agent
* Sodium sulfite \- mineral salt, preservative, antioxidant
* Sodium sulfite \- preservative, antioxidant
* Sodium tartrates \- food acid
* Sodium tetraborate \- preservative
* Sorbic acid \- preservative
* Sorbitan monolaurate \- emulsifier
* Sorbitan monooleate \- emulsifier
* Sorbitan monopalmitate \- emulsifier
* Sorbitan monostearate \- emulsifier
* Sorbitan tristearate \- emulsifier
* Sorbitol \- humectant, emulsifier, sweetener
* Sorbol -
* Sorrel (Rumex spp.) -
* Soybean oil \- accounts for about half of worldwide edible oil production.
* Spearmint oil \- often used in flavoring mouthwash and chewing gum, among other applications. [12]
* Star anise -
* Star anise oil \- highly fragrant oil using in cooking. Also used in perfumery and soaps, has been used in toothpastes, mouthwashes, and skin creams. [13] 90% of the world's star anise crop is used in the manufacture of Tamiflu, a drug used to treat avian flu.
* Starch sodium octenylsuccinate \- thickener, vegetable gum
* Stearic acid \- anti-caking agent
* Stearyl tartarate \- emulsifier
* Succinic acid \- food acid
* Sucralose \- artificial sweetener
* Sucroglycerides \- emulsifier
* Sucrose acetate isobutyrate \- emulsifier, stabiliser
* Sucrose esters of fatty acids \- emulsifier
* Sugar -
* Sulfur dioxide \- preservative, antioxidant
* Sulfuric acid \- acidity regulator
* Sumac -
* Sunflower oil \- a common cooking oil, also used to make biodiesel.
* Sunset Yellow FCF \- color (yellow and orange) (FDA: FD&C Yellow #6)
* Sweet basil -
* Sweet woodruff -
* Szechuan pepper (Xanthoxylum piperitum) -

## T

[edit | edit source]

* Talc \- anti-caking agent
* Tamarind -
* Costmary -
* Tandoori masala -
* Tannins \- color, emulsifier, stabiliser, thickener
* Tansy -
* Tara gum \- thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer
* Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) -
* Tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids - emulsifier
* Tartrazine \- color (yellow and orange) (FDA: FD&C Yellow #5)
* Camellia oil/Tea oil, widely used in southern China as a cooking oil. Also used in making soaps, hair oils and a variety of other products.
* Tert-butylhydroquinone \- antioxidant
* Thaumatin \- flavor enhancer, artificial sweetener
* Theine -
* Thermally oxidised soya bean oil \- emulsifier
* Thiabendazole \- preservative
* Thiamine (Vitamin B1) -
* Thiodipropionic acid \- antioxidant
* Thyme -
* stannous chloride \- color retention agent, antioxidant
* Titanium dioxide \- color (white)
* Tocopherol (Vitamin E) -
* Tocopherol concentrate (natural) - antioxidant
* Tragacanth \- thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier
* Triacetin \- humectant
* Triammonium citrate \- food acid
* Triethyl citrate \- thickener, vegetable gum
* Trimethylxanthine -
* Triphosphates \- mineral salt, emulsifier
* sodium phosphates \- Mineral Salt
* Turmeric \- color (yellow and orange)

## V

[edit | edit source]

* Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) -
* Vegetable carbon \- color (brown and black)
* Vinegar -
* Violaxanthin \- color
* Vitamin \-
* Vitamin A (Retinol) -
* Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) -
* Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) -
* Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) -
* Vitamin B6 (Pyrodoxine) -
* Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) -
* Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) -
* Vitamin D (Calciferol) -
* Vitamin E {Tocopherol) -
* Vitamin K -

## W

[edit | edit source]

* Walnut oil \- used for its flavor, also used by Renaissance painters in oil paints
* Wasabi -
* Water -
* Wattleseed -

## X

[edit | edit source]

* Xanthan gum \- thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer
* Xylitol \- humectant, stabiliser

## Y

[edit | edit source]

* Yellow 2G \- color (yellow and orange)
* Yucca extract -

## Z

[edit | edit source]

* Za'atar -
* Zeaxanthin \- color
* Zinc acetate \- flavor enhancer

## References

[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ R. Holser, G. Bost (May, 2004). "Hibiscus seed oil compositions". AOCS. 95. Check date values in: `|date=` (help)

* Australian Food Additive Codes