Local gigantism

File:Local gigantism.JPGLocal gigantism affecting 2nd toe of a child

Local gigantism or localised gigantism is a condition in which a certain part of the body acquires larger than normal size due to excessive growth of the anatomical structures or abnormal accumulation of substances. It is more common in fingers and toes, where it is termed macrodactyly. However, sometimes an entire limb may be enlarged.

## Contents

* 1 Causes
* 1.1 Congenital
* 1.2 Acquired
* 1.3 Treatment
* 2 References
* 3 External links

## Causes

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Local gigantism may be caused by a heterogeneous group of both congenital and acquired conditions.

### Congenital

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File:Elephantman1.jpgAn extreme example of local gigantism in Joseph Merrick, the Elephant Man, who had Proteus syndrome

Congenital causes include:

* Klippel Trenaunay Weber syndrome
* Maffuci syndrome
* macrodystrophia lipomatosa[1]
* neurofibromatosis,[2][3]
* lipoatrophic diabetes.[4]
* Proteus syndrome, which affected the Elephant Man

### Acquired

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There are a number of acquired causes of local gigantism. A body part can attain bigger size from causes as common as the following:

* inflammation, due to trauma or infection
* tumors like osteoid osteoma, melorheostosis, and lipofibromatous hamartoma[5]
* Arteriovenous malformations occurring on a limb, before the closure of epiphyses in long bones[6]
* Elephantiasis, which is quite common in south-east asia due to prevalence of filariasis.
* Still's disease
* amyloidosis
* acromegaly

### Treatment

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As the causes of local gigantism are varied, treatment depends on the particular condition. Treatment may range from antibiotics and other medical therapy, to surgery in order to correct the anatomical anomaly.

## References

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1. ↑ Letter to the Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging
2. ↑ Lassmann H, Gebhart W, Mamoli B, Niebauer G (1977). "Nervous lesions in a case of local gigantism". Acta Neuropathol. 38 (2): 109–15. PMID 878849.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
3. ↑ Chung IH, Kim NH, Choi IY (1973). "Macrodactylism associated with neurofibroma of the median nerve. A case report". Yonsei Med. J. 14: 49–52. PMID 4804132.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
4. ↑ Some case reports
5. ↑ Razzaghi A, Anastakis DJ (2005). "Lipofibromatous hamartoma: review of early diagnosis and treatment". Canadian Journal of Surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie. 48 (5): 394–9. PMID 16248139.
6. ↑ Case report

## External links

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* Medcyclopedia article

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