Medical Abbreviations

## Contents

* 1 A
* 2 B
* 3 C
* 4 D
* 5 E
* 6 F
* 7 G
* 8 H
* 9 I
* 10 J
* 11 K
* 12 L
* 13 M
* 14 N
* 15 O
* 16 P
* 17 Q
* 18 R
* 19 S
* 20 T
* 21 U
* 22 V
* 23 W
* 24 X
* 25 Y
* 26 References

## A

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a: artery, before
A&Ox3: alert and oriented to person, place and time
A-a:alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient
aa: equal part of each
AA: affected area
AAA: abdominal aortic aneurysm
A2: aortic second sound
AAL: acute lymphoblastic, leukemia,anterior axillary line
ab: antibody
AB: abortion
ABC: airway, breathing and circulation
abd: abdomen
ABG: arterial blood gasses
ABI: Ankle-Brachial Index
ABMT: autologous bone marrow transplantation
ABN: abnormal
ABP: arterial blood pressure
abs: absent
abx: antibiotics
a.c.: before meals (ante sebum)
Ac: acute
AC: anterior chamber, air conduction, acromioclavicular
acc: accident
accom.: accommodation
ACE:angiotensin converting enzyme
ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
ACh: acetylcholine
acid: phos. acid phosphate
ACL: anterior cruciate ligament
ACLS:advanced cardiac life support
ACTH: adrenocorticotrophic hormone
AD: right ear, alzheimer's disease
ADA: adenosine deaminase
add.: abductor or abduction
ADD: Attention Deficit Disorder
ADH: antidiruetic hormone
ADL: activites of daily living
ad lib: as desired
adm.: admission
ADR: adverse drug reaction
AE: above elbow
AEA: above elbow amputation
AEM: ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring
AF: atrial fibrillation, afebrile, amniotic fluid
AFB: acid fast bacilli
AFO: ankle-foot orthosis
AFP: alpha fetoprotein
Ag: antigen
A/G: albumin globulin ratio (blood)
AGA: appropriate gestational age
AHF: antihemophilic factor
AHG: antiemophilic globulin
AHH: aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase
AI: aortic insufficiency, artificial insemination
AICA: anterior inferior cerebellar artery
AICD: automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator
AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
AJ: ankle jerk
a.k.: above knee
aka: alcoholic ketoacidosis, also known as
AKA: above knee amputation
alb.: albumin
alc.: alcohol
ALG: antilymphocytic globulin
alk.: phos. alkaline phosphate
ALL: acute lymphocytic leukemia
ALPS: autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, advanced life support
ALT: alternating with, alanine aminotransferase (formerly SGPT)
AMA: against medical advice, anti-mitochondrial antibodies
amb.: ambulating, ambulatory
AMC: arthrogryposis multiplex congenita
AMI: acute myocardial infarction
AML: acute myeloid leukemia
amnio: amniocentesis
amp.: amputation, ampule
AMP: adenosine monophosphate
AMS: acute mountain sickness, atypical measeles syndrome
ANA: antinuclear antibody
ANCA:antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies
anes.: anesthesia
ANF: antrial natriuretic factor
ann.: fib. annulus fibrosis
ANP: antrial natriuretic peptide
ANS: autonomic nervous system
ant.: anterior
ante: before
ANUG: acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
Anxty: anxiety
A/O: alert and oriented
AOB: alcohol on breath
AODM: adult onset diabetes mellitus
AP: ante partum, anteroposterior, alkaline phosphatase
A&P: auscultation and percussion
A/P: anterior/posterior
APC: atrial premature contractions
APD: adult polycystic disease
aph: aphasia
A-P: anteroposterior and lateral
AP: resection abdominal perineal resection of the rectum
APEDED: autoimmune polyendocrinopathy
APS: autoimmunne polyglandular syndrome
APSAC: anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activated complex
APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time
aq.: water
AR: aortic regurgitation
ARB:angiotension receptor blocker
ARC: AIDS related complex
ARD: acute respiratory distress
ARDS: adult respiratory distress syndrome
ARF: acute respiratory failure, acute rheumatic fever
Arg: Arginine
AROM: artificial rupture of membranes
art: arterial
ART: antiretroviral therapy
AS: left ear,aortic stenosis
ASA: acetylsalicylic acid, aspirin
A.S.A.: American Society of Anesthesiologists
A.S.A.1: normal healthy patient
A.S.A.2: patient with mild systemic disease
A.S.A.3: patient with severe systemic disease
A.S.A.4: patient with incapacitating systemic disease that is constant threat
ASAP: as soon as possible
ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
ASCUS: atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance
ASD: atrial septal defect
ASGUS: atypical squamous glandular cells of undetermined significance
ASHD: arteriosclerotic heart disease
ASO: antistreptolysin O antibodies
AST: aspartate aminotransferase
ASX: asymptomatic
ATCC: American type culture collection
AT-III: antithrombin III
at. Flutter: atrial flutter
ATN: acute tubular necrosis
ATNR: asymmetrical tonic neck reflex
ATP: adenosine triphosphate, anti-tachycardia pacing
AU: both ears
aud.: auditory
Aur.: Fib auricular fibrillation
A-V: arteriovenous; atrioventricular
AVB: auriculo-ventricular block
AVF: arteriovenous fistula
AVM: arterovenous malformation
AVNRT: av nodal re-entrant tachycardia
AVRT: av re-entrant tachycardia
AVR: aortic valve replacement
A&W: alive and well
Ax.: axilla, axillary
AXR: abdominal X-ray
A.Z.: Ascheim-Zondek test
AZT: zidovudine or azidothymidine

## B

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B.: bath
BA: barium
Bab.: Babinski sign
Ba.E: barium enema
BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage, British anti-Lewisite
BAO: bacille calmette-guerin
BAPS: biomechanical ankle platform system
Bas.: basal,basilar
baso: basophile
BBB: bundle branch block
BBT: basal body temperature
BC: bone conduction
BCA: basal cell atypia
BCC: Basal cell carcinoma
BCD: basal cell dysplasia
BCE: basal cell epithelioma
BCG: bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine (tuberculosis vaccine)
BDC: burn dressing change
BE: below elbow, barium enema, base excess
BEA: below elbow amputation
BFP: biological false positive
BIBA: brought in by ambulance
Bic.: biceps
b.i.d.: twice daily
BIH: bilateral inguinal hernia
bilat.: Bilateral, bilaterally
bili: bilirubin
b.i.n.: twice a night
BiPAP: bilevel positive airway pressure
BiW: twice weekly
BJ: biceps reflex
bk.: back
BK: below knee, bacterium koch
BKA: below knee amputation
bl: cult blood culture
bld.: blood
Bl.T: bleeding time
BM: black male, bone marrow,bowel movement
BMC: bone mass content
BMD: bone mass density
BMI: body mass index
BMR: basal metabolic rate
BMS: Bare metal stent/s
BMT: bone marrow transplantation
BNF: british national formulary
BNP: brain or b-type nartiuretic peptide
body: wt. body weight
BOMA: otitis media, both ears,acute
BOOP: bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia
BOW: bag of water
BP: blood pressure, bipolar disorder
BPD: bronchopulmonary dysplasia, borderline personality disorder
BPH: benign prostatic hypertrophy;benign prostatic hyperplasia
BPM: beats per minute
BPV: benign positional vertigo
Br.: breech presentation
BR: bedrest, bathroom
brach.: brachial
BrBx.: breast biopsy
broncho: bronchoscopy
BRP: bathroom privileges
BS: blood sugar, bowel sounds
B.S.: breath sounds
BSA: body surface area
BSB: bedside bag
BSC: bedside commode
BSD: bedside drainage
BSE: bovine spingiform encephalopathy, breast self exam
BSO: bilateral salpingooophorectomy
BSP: bromsulphthalein
BST: blood serologic test
BT: bleeding time
BTL: bilateral tubal ligation
BUN: blood urea nitrogen
BV: bacterial vaginosis
BW: birth weight
Bx.: biopsy

## C

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c.: with
C: cervical, Caucasian
C.: centigrade, Celsius complement
CI-XII: 1st to 12th cranial nerve
C-1: to C-7 cervical vertebrae
C1: complement factor 1
Ca: calcium
CA: carcinoma, cancer
CABG: coronary artery bypass graft
CAD: coronary artery disease
CAH: congential adrenal hyperplasia
CAHD: coronary atherosclerotic heart disease
Cal: calorie, calories
CAPD: continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Caps: capsules
car.: carotid
card.: cardiac
Card: cardiac catheterization
CAT: computerized axial tomography
cath: catheterization, catheter
CB: Cesarean birth
CBC: complete blood count
CBCD: complete blood count with differential
CBD: common bile duct
CBE: complete breast exam
CBF: cerebral blood flow
CBG: capillary blood gas
CBR: complete bed rest
cc.: cubic centimeter
CC: chief complaint
CCF: congestive cardiac failure
CCK: cholecystokinin
CCU: coronary care unit
CD: cardiac disease, contagious disease
CDC: centers for disease control
CDH: congenital dislocation of hip
C. diff: clostridium difficile
CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen
Cerv.: cervix, cervical
CF: cardiac failure, cystic fibrosis
CGD: chronic granulomatous disease
CHD: congenital heart disease, coronary heart disease
Chem.: chemotherapy
CHF: congestive heart failure
CHO: carbohydrate
Chol: cholesterol
Chr: chronic
C.I: color index
CI: cardiac insufficiency, cardiac index, confidence interval
CIPD: chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
CIS: carcinoma in situ
CJD: Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
CK: creatinine kinase
CK-MB: Creatine kinase-myocardial type
Cl: chlorine, chloride
Clav.: clavicle
cldy: cloudy
CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Cl.T: clotting time
cm.: centimeter
CML: chronic myeloid leukemia
CMML: chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
CMS: chronic mountain sickness
CMT:charcot-marie-tooth disease
CMV: cytomegalovirus
CN: cranial nerve
CNS: central nervous system
cnst.: constipation
c/o: complains of, complaints
CO: cardiac output
Co2: carbon dioxide
COLD: chronic obstructive lung disease
comb.: combine, combination
comm.: communicable
comp.: compound, compress
conc.: concentrated
cons.: consultation
cont.: contractions, continued
COP: cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cor: heart
COX: cyclooxygenase
CP: cerebral palsy, cerebral-pontine
CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure
CPC: clinicopathological conference
CPD: cephalo-pelvic disproportion
CPEO: chronic progressive external opthalmoplegia
CPK: creatinine phosphokinase
CPPB: continuous positive pressure breathing
CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CPT: chest physical therapy
CR: closed reduction
cran.: cranial
CRD: chronic respiratory disease
creat.: creatinine
CREST: calcinosis,raynauds phenomenon, esphageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia
CRF: chronic renal failure
CRI: chronic renal insufficiency
CRP: c-reactive protein
C/S,: CS Cesarean section
C&S: culture and sensitivity
CsA: cyclosporin A
CSF: cerebrospinal fluid
C-spine: cervical spine
CT: computed axial tomography
CTA: computerized tomographic angiography
C-V: cardiovascular
CVA: cerebrovascular accident, costovertebral angle
CVL: central venous line
CVP: central venous pressure
CVS: cardiovascular system
Cx: cervix, culture
c/w: consistent with
CxR: chest x-ray
Cysto: cystoscopy

## D

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D5: 5% dextrose solution
D5W: 5% dextrose solution in water
D5RL: 5% dextrose and lactated ringers
DAP: distal airway pressure
DASH: dietary approches to stop hypertension
db.: decibel
DBE: deep breathing exercise
DBP: diastolic blood pressure
d/c: discontinue
DC: discharges, discontinue
D&C: dilation and curettage
DCM: dilated cardiomyopathy
DD: discharge diagnosis
DDD: daily defined doses
DDAVP: desmopression acetate, 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopression
DDH: developmental dysplasia of the hip
D/DW: dextrose, distilled water
DDx: differential diagnosis
D&E: dilation and evacuation
decr.: decreased
dehyd.: dehydrated
Derm.: Dermatology
DES: Diethylstilbestrol
DES:Drug eluting stents
DHEA-S: dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate
DI: diabetes insipidus, diagnostic imaging
DIAG.: diagnosis
diam.: diameter
DIC: disseminated intravascular coagulation, disseminated coagulopathy
diff.: differential
dil.: dilute
dim.: diminished
DIP: distal interphalangeal (joint)
dis.: disease
disch.: discharge
disp.: disposition
dist.: distilled, distal
DIU: death in utero
div.: divorced
DJD: degenerative joint disease
DKA: diabetic ketoacidosis
DLE: disseminated lupus erythematosis
D/L: DI decilter
DM: diabetes mellitus, diastolic murmur
DMSA: dimercaptosuccinic acid
DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid
DNKA: did not keep appointment
DNR: do not resuscitate
DOA: dead on arrival
DOB: date of birth
DOE: dyspnea on exertion
Dors: dorsal
D.P.: dorsal pedia
DPT: diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus vaccine
DR: delivery room
D&R: dilation and radium implant
DRPLA: dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy
drsg.: dressing
D/S: discharge summary
DSM-IV:diagnostic statistic manual IV
d/t: due to
DTR: deep tendon reflexes
DT’s: delirium tremens
DU: duodenal ulcer
DUB: dysfunctional uterine bleeding
DUI: driving under influence
DVT: deep vein thrombosis
D/W: dextrose in water
Dx: diagnosis

## E

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e: without
EBL: estimated blood loss
EBM: evidence based medicine
EBV: Epstein-Barr virus
EC: enterically coated
ECF: extended care facility, extracellular fluid
ECG: electrocardiogram
ECHO: enterocytopathogenic human orphan virus
E.coli: Escherichia coli
ECS: endocervical scrape
ECT: electroconvulsive
ED: emergency department
EDC: estimated date of confinement
EDOD: estimated date of delivery
EDRF: endothelium-derived relaxing factor
EEG: electroencephalogram
EENT: eyes, ears, nose, throat
EEX: electrodiagnosis
EGA: estimated gestational age
EGF: epidermal growth factor
EGD: esophago- gastroduodenoscopy
EKG: electrocardiogram
elev.: elevated
ELF: elective low forceps
ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EmBx: endometrial biopsy
EMC: encephalomyocarditis
EMG: electromyogram
EMS: endometrial scrape, emergency medical service
EMSU: early morning specimen of urine
En.: enema
ENT: ears, nose, throat
Eoc.: eosinophiles
EOM: extraocular movement
Epis.: episiotomy
Epis.LML: left mediolateral episiotomy
Epis.: Med. medial episiotomy
Epis.: RML right mediolateral episiotomy
EPS: extrapyramidal side effects
ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
ERT: estrogen replacement therapy
ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate
EST: electroshock therapy
ETIOL.: etiology
ETOH: ethanol
EUA: examine under anesthesia
EUS: endoscopic ultrasonography
EVAL: evaluation
ex.: exercise, example
expir: expiration, expiratory
Exp.: Lap exploratory laparotomy
ext.: extremities, external
ext.: gen. external genitalia

## F

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F: finger, female, Fahrenheit
FA: fluorescent antibody
F.A.: first aid
F.B.: foreign body
FBC: full blood count
FBS: fasting blood sugar
FD: fully dilated
FDA: Food and Drug Administration
FDP: flexor digitorum profundus
Fe: def. iron deficiency
FEF: forced expiratory flow
FEKG: fetal electrocardiogram
fem.: femoral
fem.: pop. femoral popliteal
fet.: fetal
FEV: forced expiratory volume
f.f.: force fluid
FFP: fresh frozen plasma
fh: fundal height
FH: family history, fetal heart
FHR: fetal heart rate
FHR-UC: fetal heart rate- uterine contraction
FHT: fetal heart tones
FGR: fetal growth restriction
FiO2: faction of inspired oxygen concentration
fl.: fluids
flac.: flaccid
flex.: flexor, flexion
fl.: oz. fluid ounce
FM: finger movement
FNA: fine needle aspiration
FPAL: full term premature abortion living
fract.: fractional
FRC: functional residual capacity
FS: finger stick
FSGN: focal segmental glomerulonephritis
FSH: follicle stimulating hormone
FTA:fluorescent treponemal antibody
FT: full term
FTD: failure to descend
FTND: full term normal delivery
FTT: failure to thrive
FUB: functional uterine bleeding
F/U,F-U,F.U.: follow-up
FUO: fever of unknown origin
FVC: forced vital capacity
FW: fetal weight
Fx: fracture
fxn: function

## G

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G: gravida
G6PD: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
G.A.: general anesthesia
GB: gallbladder
GBM: glomerular basement membranes
GBS: gallbladder series
G.C.: gonococcus
GCA: giant cell arthritis
GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale
GE: Gastroenterology
G/E: gastroenteritis
GERD:Gastroesphageal Reflux Disease
gen,: genl. general
gest.: gestation
GFR: glomerular filtration rate
GGTP: gammaglutamyl transpeptidase
G.H.: growth hormone
G.I.: gastrointestinal
gluc: glucose
gm: gram
Gm+: gram positive
Gm-: gram negative
gm.%: grams per 100 c.c.
GMA: grand mal attack
GNC: general nursing care
GNR: gram-negative rod
GnRH: gonadortopin-releasing hormone
GP: General Practitioner, general paralysis
gr.: grain, grains (dosage)
Grav.: pregnancy
gt.: drop
Gt.tr.: gait training
gtts.: drops
GSW: gunshot wound
GTN: glyceryl trinitrate
GTT: glucose tolerance test
GU: genitourinary
GVH: graft-versus-host
G/W: glucose and water
GYN: Gynecology

## H

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h: hour
5HIAA: 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
βHCG: Beta human chronic gonadotrophin
H2O: water
H: hydrogen history, hour, hypodermic
H/A: headache
HAF: hyperalimentation fluid
HASCVD: hypertensive arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Hb.,Hgb: hemoglobin
HB: heart block
HBa1c: glycohemoglobin
HBP: high blood pressure
HC: head circumference
H&C: hot and cold
HCG: human chorionic gonadotropin
HCO3: bicarbonate
Hct.: hematocrit
HCVD: hypertensive cardiovascular disease
h.d.: at bedtime
Hd: head, Hodgkin’s disease
HDl: high density lipids
HEENT: head, eyes, ears, nose, throat
hern.: hernia
Hem: Hematology
Hem: Pro hematology profile
Hep.: Lock Heparin lock
HGO: hepatic glucose output
HH: hard of hearing
HIDA(scan): hepatobiliary scan
HIE: hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
hist.: history, histology
HIT: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
HIV: human immunodificiency virus
HKAFO: hip knee ankle foot orthosis
HLA: human leukocyte group A,histocompatibility leukocyte focus
HM: hand movement
HMD: hyaline membrane disease
HMG: human menopausal gonadotropin
HNP: herniated nucleus pulposus
h/o: history of
H.O.: house officer
HOB: head of bed
HOCM:hypotrophic cardiomyopathy
horiz.: horizontal
H&P: history and physical
hpf: high power field
HPI: history of present illness
HPL: human placental lactogen
HPV: human papilloma virus
HR: heart rate
H.R.S.T.: heat, reddening, swelling, tenderness
HRT: hormone replacement therapy
HS: bedtime
HSG: hysterosalpingography
HSP: henoch-schonlein syndrome
H2O2: hydrogen peroxide
Ht: height, heart
HTLV: human t cell lymphotropic virus
HTN:hypertension
HUS: hemolytic uremic syndrome
HVD: hypertensive vascular disease
Hx: history
Hyperal.: hyperalimenation
Hz: hertz (cycles/second)
HZV: herpes zoster virus

## I

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I: radioactive iodine
IA: intra-arterially
IABP: intra-aortic balloon pump
IBD: inflammatory bowel disease
IBS: irritable bowel syndrome
i.c.: intracutaneous(ly)
ICCU: intensive coronary care unit
ICD: implantable cardic defribrillator
ICF: intracellular fluid
ICP: intracranial pressure
ICS: intercostal space
ICT: insulin coma therapy
ICU: intensive care unit
i.d.: during the day
ID: intradermal, identification, Infectious Disease
I&D: incision and drainage
IDDM: insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
I/E: inspiratory, expiratory
IFG: impared fasting glucose
Ig: immunoglobulin
IGA: immunoglobulin A
IGE: immunoglobulin E
IGF-1: insulin growth factor-1
IGG: immunoglobulin gamma G(Globulin)
IGM: immunoglobulin M
IH: infectious hepatitis
IHD: ischemic heart disease
IJ: intrajugular
IM: intramuscular, intramedullary
IMCU: intermediate medical care unit
imp.: impression
IMP: inpatient multidimensional
psych: scale
IMV: intermittent mandatory ventilation
In.: inches
Inc.: AB incomplete abortion
incr.: increased (ing)
Inev.: AB inevitable abortion
inf: infusion, inferior
INH: isoniazid
inj: injured, injection
INR: coagulant response time, international normalized ratio
inspir: inspiration, inspiratory
int.: internal
INTHC: intrathecally
IO: inferior oblique
I&O: intake and output
IOP: intraocular pressure
IP: intraperitoneal
IPJ: interphalangeal joint
IPPB: intermittent positive pressure breathing
IQ: intelligence quota
IRA:Infarct-related artery
IRA-ST:Infarct-related artery stent thrombosis
IRDS: idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome
irreg.: Irregular
IS: intercostal space
IST: insulin shock therapy
ITP: idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
I,U.,: IU International Unit
IUC: intrauterine catheter
IUCP: intrauterine contraceptive device
IUD: intrauterine device
IUFD: intrauterine fetal death
IUGR: intrauterine growth retardation
IUP: intrauterine pregnancy
IUTP: intrauterine term pregnancy
IV: intravenous(ly)
IVC: inferior vena cava, intravenous cholangiogram
IVD: intervertebral disc
IVIG: intravenous immunoglobulin
IVP: intravenous pyelogram
IVPB: intravenous piggy back
IVU: intravenous urogram

## J

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J: joint
J-P: Jackson Pratt drain
JVD: jugular venous distension
JRA: juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
jt.: joint
JVP: jugular venous pulse

## K

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K: potassium, kidney
KC1: potassium chloride
Kcal.: Kilocalorie, calorie
Kg.,kg. : kilogram
KJ,: K-J knee jerk
KK: knee kick
KOH: potassium hydroxide
KS 17: keto steroids
KUB: kidney, ureter, bladder (x-rays)
KVO: keep vein open

## L

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L: left, liver, liter, lower, light, lumbar
L2,L3: second, third lumbar vertebrae
LA: left antrum
lab.: laboratory
lac.: laceration
lacr.: lacrimal
lact.: lactic
LAD: left anterior descending coronary artery
L&D: labor and delivery
LAE: left atrial enlargement
lam.: laminectomy
lap.: laparotomy
lat.: lateral
LAVH: laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy
lax: laxative
lb.: pound
LB: large bowel
LBBB: left bundle branch block
LBP: lower back pain
LBW: low birth weight
LCA: left coronary artery
LCL: lateral collateral ligament
LCV: leukocytoclastic vasculitis
L.D.: lethal dose
LDH: lactic dehydrogenase
LDL: low density lipids
LE: lupus erythematosus
L.E.: lower extremities
leuc.: leukocytes
LES: lower esophageal sphinchter
LF: low forceps, low flap
LFA: left frontoanterior
LFD: low forceps delivery
LFP: left frontoposterior
LFT: left frontotransverse, liver function test
lg: large, leg
LGA: large for gestational age
LGV: lymphogranuloma venereum
LH: luteinizing hormone, lactate dehydrogenase
LHT: left hypertrophia
LICS: left intercostal space
lig.: ligament
LIH: left inguinal hernia
liq.: liquid
LKS: liver, kidneys, spleen
LL: lower lid
LLE: left lower extremity
LLG: left lateral gaze
LLL: left lower lobe
LLQ: left lower quadrant
LMA: left mentoanterior
LMD: family doctor
l/min: liter per minute
LML: left mediolateral
LMP: left mentoposterior, last menstrual period
LMT: left mentotransverse
L.N.: lymph node
LNMP: last normal menstrual period
LOA: left occiput anterior
L.O.C.: loss of consciousness,
level: of consciousness,laxative of choice
LOM: left otitis media
LOP: left occipital posterior
LOS: length of stay
LOT: left occiput anterior
LP: lumbar puncture, light perception
lpf: low power field
LPN: licensed practical nurse
LR: labor room, lateral rectus, light reflex
LRQ: lower right quadrant
Ls.: loose
L.S.: lumbosacral
LSA: lateral sacrum anterior
LSB: left sternal border
LSCS: lower segment Cesarean section
LSD: lysergic acid diethylamide
LSK: liver, spleen, kidneys
LSO: left salpingo-oophorectomy
LSP: left sacrum posterior
LST: left sacrum transverse
Lt.: left, light
LTCS: low transverse Cesarean section
LUE: left upper extremity
LUL: left upper lobe
LUQ: left upper quadrant
LV: left ventricle
LVEDP: left ventricular end diastolic pressure
LVF: left ventricular failure
LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy
L: & W living and well
LWCT: Lee-White Clotting Time, coagulation time
Lymphs: lymphocytes
lytes: electrolytes

## M

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m.: minim
m,M: married, male, mother murmur, meter, mass, molar
MA: mental age
'MACE:Major adverse cardiac events
macro.: macrocytic, macroscopic
MAHA: microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
MAO: monoamine oxidase
MAP: mean arterial pressure
MAT: multifocal atrial tachycardia
max.: maximum, maxillary
MBC: maximum breathing capacity
mcg.: microgram
MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin
MCHC: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
MCL: midclavicular line
MCP: metacarpophalangeal joint
MCV: mean corpuscular volume
MD: muscular dystrophy
MDI: metered dose inhaler
Mdnt.: midnight
MDS: mylodysplastic syndrome
ME: middle ear, medical examiner
MEC: medical emergency clinic
Med.: medicine
MEN: multiple endocrine neoplasia
MEq./L: milliequivalents per liter
Mets.: metastasis
mg.: milligram
Mg.: magnesium
MG: myasthenia gravis
mg/dl: milligrams per deciliter
mg.%: milligrams per 100 cc
m.g.r.: murmurs, gallops, or rubs
MGUS: monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
MH: marital history
MI: myocardial infarction, mitral insufficiency
micro: microcytic, microscopic
MICU: medical intensive care unit
min: minute
Mitr.I: mitral insufficiency
ml.: milliliter
MLF: medial longitudinal fasciculus
mm: millimeter
mm.: muscles
MM: mucous membrane
MMPI: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
Mn.: manganese, midnight
mod: moderate
MOM: milk of magnesia
mono.: monocyte
MP: metacarpophalangea, metacarpophalangeal
MPA: malpractice attorney
MPTP: 1-methyl-4-phenyl--1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
MR: medial rectus, mental retardation, mitral regurgitation
MRA: magnetic resonance angiogram
MRCP: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
MRM: modified radical mastectomy
MRV: magnetic resonance imaging
ms: mitral stenosis
Ms: murmurs
MS: mitral stenosis, multiple sclerosis, morphine sulfate
MSL: midsternal line
mss: massage
MSU: midstream specimen of urine
MT: metacarpophalangeal (joint)
MTP: metatarsophalangeal
MTX: methotrexate
M.T.: muscles and tendons
MVA: motor vehicle accident
MVP: mitral valve prolapse
MVR: mitral valve replacement
MW: maximum voluntary ventilation

## N

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n.: nerve
N2: nitrogen
N2O: nitrous oxide (anesthetic)
Na: sodium
NaCl: sodium chloride
NAD: no apparent distress
NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
nb: note well
NB: newborn
NBM: nothing by mouth
NBS: normal bowel sounds, normal breath sounds
NBT: nitroblue tetrazolium
NCT: nerve conduction test
NED: no evidence of disease
neg.: negative
NER: no evidence of recurrence
NERD: no evidence of recurrent disease
Neur.: Neurology
NG: nasogastric tube
NI: no insurance
NIC: neonatal intensive care
NICU: neonatal intensive care unit
NIDDM: noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus
NKA: no known allergies
nl: total neutral lipids
NM: neuromuscular
NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance
noct.: nocturnal
NOS: not otherwise specified
NP: neuropsychiatric
N.P.: Neuropsychiatry
NPH: NPH insulin (Neutral Protamine Zinc), normal pressure hydrocephalus
NPN: nonprotein nitrogen
NPO: nothing by mouth
NPR: normal pressure hydrocephalus
Ns.: nerves
N.S.: nervous system
NSA: no significant abnormality
NSAID: nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drug
NSD: normal spontaneous delivery
NSR: normal sinus rhythm
NSS: normal saline solution (.09% NaCl)
NST: non-stress test
NSTEMI: Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
N&V: nausea and vomiting
NS: Neurosurgery
NSVD: normal spontaneous vaginal delivery
NTG: nitroglycerine
NTP: normal temperature and pressure
nullip: never gave birth
NVD: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
N&W: normal and well
NWB: non-weight bearing
NYD: not yet diagnosed

## O

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o: none, without
O: oral
O2: oxygen
O2: cap. oxygen capacity
O2: sat. oxygen saturation
OA: osteoarthritis
OB,: OBG Obstetrics
OB/GYN: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Obs: observation
OBS: organic brain syndrome
OCC.: occipital, occasional
OCD: obsessive-conpulsive disorder, osteochrondritis dissecans
OCP: oral contraceptive pill
OD: right eye
O/E: on examination
OE: otitis externa
OGD: oesophago-gastric-dudenoscopy
OH: occupational history
17: OH 17 hydroxy steroid
OHD: organic heart disease
oint.: ointment
O.M.: otitis media
OMS: organic mental syndrome
OOB: out of bed
Op.: operation
OPC: outpatient clinic
OPD: outpatient department
Ophth.: Ophthalmology
OR: operating room, open reduction
OR-IF: open reduction with internal fixation
ORT: operating room technician
Ortho.: Orthopaedic Surgery
os: opening, mouth, bone
OS: left eye
OSM: osmolality
ot.: ear
Oto: Otolaryngology
OTC: over-the-counter (pharmaceuticals)
O.T.: occupational therapy, old tuberculin
OU: both eyes
OV: office visit
oz.: ounce

## P

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P: after, phosphorus pulse
P2: pulmonic second heart sound
PA: physician’s assistant, pulmonary artery
P-A: posteroanterior
p & a: percussion and auscultation
PAC: premature atrial, auricular contraction
PaCO2: arterial carbon dioxide tension pressure
PACU: post anesthesia care unit
PAF: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
palp.: palpate, palpated, palpable
PAN: Polyarteritis Nodosa
PaO2: alveolar oxygen pressure
Pap: Papanicolaou test (pap smear)
Para: prior births, paraplegic
PARU: post anesthesia recovery unit
PAS: pulmonary artery systolic pressure, periodic acid schiff
PAT: pregnancy at term, paroxysm atrial tachycardia
Path.: Pathology
PA: view posterioranterior view on x-ray
Pb: lead
PB: peripheral blood
PBI: protein bound iodine
p/c.,p.c.: after meals
PCL: posterior cruciate ligament
PCOS: polycystic ovarian syndrome
PCO2: carbon dioxide concentration
PCP: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, primary care physician, phencyclidine
PCT: prophyria cutanea tarda
PCV: packed cell volume (of blood)
PCWP: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
PD: pupillary distance, peritoneal dialysis
PDA: patent ductus arteriosus
pdr.: powder
PDR: Physician’s Desk Reference
PDN: private duty nurse
PE: physical examination, pulmonary embolism
Ped.: Pediatrics
PEEP: positive end expiratory pressure
PEG: pneumoencephalogram
PEN: Penicillin
PERRLA: pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation (normal)
PES:Paclitaxel eluting stent/s
PET: positron emission tomography
PF: push fluids
PFC: persistent fetal circulation
PFT: pulmonary function test
pH: hydrogen ion concentration
PH: past history
pharm: pharmacy
PHYS.: physical, physiology
PI: present illness, pulmonary insufficiency
PICA: posterior inferior coronary artery
PICU: pulmonary intensive care unit
PID: pelvic inflammatory disease
PIP: proximal interphalangeal
Pit.: Pitocin
PKU: phenylkentonuria
Plac.: placenta
plts.: platelets
PM: petit mal
P.M.: afternoon, post-mortem
PMH: past medical history
PMI: point of maximal impulse
PMLE: polymorphous light eruption
PMN: polymorphonuclear (leukocytes)
PM&R: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
PN: poorly nourished, practical nurse
P&N: Psychiatry and Neurology
PNC: prenatal clinic, premature nodal contraction
PND: paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, post nasal drip
PNS: peripheral nervous system
pneu.: pneumo, pneumonia
PNI: peripheral nerve injury
PNX: pneumothorax
p.o.: by mouth
PO2: oxygen pressure (or tension)
POC: product of conception
p.o.d.: postoperative day
polys: polymorphonuclear leukocytes
POMR: problem oriented medical record
poplit.: popliteal
pos.: positive
post.: posterior
POSTOP.: postoperative
Posm: plasma osmolality
pot.: or potass. potassium
pp: post partum, post prandial
PPBS: post prandial blood sugar
PPD: purified protein derivative
PPF: protein plasma fractional
PPH: post partum hemorrhage
PPI: proton pump inhibitor
ppm: parts per million
PPPG: post prandial plasma glucose
p.r.: per rectum
PR: Proctology, pityriasis rosea
PRBC: packed red blood cells
PRE: progressive resistive exercise
prem: premature
pre-op: preoperative
prep.: prepare for
primip.: first pregnancy
PRL: Prolactin
PRP: pitriasis rubra pilaris
p.r.m.: according to circumstances
p.r.n.,: PRN as often as necessary
prod.: productive
Prog.: prognosis
PROM: passive range of motion, premature rupture of membranes
pron.: pronator, pronation
pros.: prostate, prostatic
prosth.: prosthesis
prot.: protein, Protestant
pro.time: prothrombin time
PS: pulmonary stenosis, psychotic, Plastic Surgery
PSA: prostate specific antigen
PSH: past surgical history
psi: pounds per square inch
PSMA: progressive spinal muscular atrophy
Psych.: Psychiatry
pt.,Pt.: patient
PT: physical therapy, prothrombin time
P.T.: physical therapy, posterior tibial artery pulse
PTA: prior to admission, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
PTB: patellar tendon bearing
PTC: percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
PTCA: percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (balloon angioplasty)
PTH: parathyroid hormone
PTT: partial thromboplastin time
PTU: propylthiouracil
PU: pregnancy urine
PUD: peptic ulcer disease
PUPPP: pruritic urticarial papules & plaques of pregnancy
PUVA: psoralen with ultraviolet a phototherapy
PV: plasma volume, peripheral vascular, per vaginam
PVC: premature ventricular contraction
PVD: peripheral vascular disease
PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance
PVRI: pulmonary vascular resistance index
PVT: previous trouble
PWB%: partial weight bearing with percent
Px,: PX physical examination

## Q

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q: every
q.d.: every day
q.h.: every hour
q2H: every two hours
q4H: every four hours
q.i.d.: four times a day
q.i.w.: four times a week
q.l.: as much as desired
qn, q.n.: every night
q.n.s.,QNS: quantity not sufficient
q.o.d.: every other day
QOL: quality of life
q.o.n.: every other night
q.p.: as much as you please
q.q.,Q.Q.: each, every
q.q.h.: every four hours
q.s.: quantity, sufficient
qt.: quart
qts.: drops
quad.: quadriplegic
quant.: quantitative or quantity
q.v.: as much as you wish
q.w.: every week

## R

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r.,R: right, rectal, roentgen, x-ray
R.: rub, rectal temperature
Ra: radium
RA: rheumatoid arthritis, right atrium
rad.: radial
RAI: radioactive iodine
RAIU: radioactive iodine uptake
r.a.m.: rapid alternating movements
R.A.S.: right arm sitting
RAST: radioallergen sorbine test
RAtx: radiation therapy
RBBB: right bundle branch block
rbc/RBC: red blood cell, red blood count
RCA: right coronary artery
RCS: reticulum cell sarcoma
RCT: randomized controlled trial
RCU: respiratory care unit
RD: respiratory distress, reaction to degeneration
RDS: respiratory distress syndrome
RDW: red cell distribution width
RE: reconditioning exercise
rect.: rectum, rectal (ly), rectus muscle
reg.: regular
rehab.: rehabilitation
REM: rapid eye movement
resp.: respiratory, respirations
RF: rheumatic fever, rheumatoid factor
RFA: right frontoanterior
RFP: right frontoposterior
RFT: right frontotransverse
Rh,: Rh. rhesus blood factor
RH: right hyperphoria
RHD: rheumatic heart disease
RHF: right heart failure
RHT: right hypertrophia
RIH: right inguinal hernia
RIND: reversible ischemic neurologic deficits
RLA: Rancho Los Amigo Scale
R to L&A : react to light and accommodation
RLE: right lower extremity
RLF: retrolental fibroplasia
RLL: right lower lobe
RLQ: right lower quadrant
RLS: restless leg syndrome
RMA: right mentoanterior
RML: right mediolateral,
right: middle lobe
RMP: right mentoposterior
RMSF: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
RMT: right mentotransverse
RNA: ribonucleic acid
RO,R/O: rule out
ROA: right occipital anterior
ROM: range of motion, rupture of membranes,right otitis media
ROP: right occipital posterior
ROS: review of systems
ROT: right occipital transverse
RP: retrograde pyelogram
RPR: rapid plasma reagin
RQ: respiratory quotient
RR: recovery room
RRE, RR&E: round, regular, and equal
RSO: right salpingo-oophorectomy
RSA: right sacrum anterior
RSD: reflex sympathetic dystrophy
RSP: right sacrum posterior
RSR: regular sinus rhythm
RST: right sacrum transverse
RSV: respiratory syncytial virus
Rt.: right
RT: radiation therapy, respiratory therapy
RTC: return to clinic
RUC: regular uterine contraction
RUE: right upper extremity
RUL: right upper lobe
RUQ: right upper quadrant
RV: residual volume, right ventricular
RVH: right ventricular hypertrophy
Rx: therapy, prescription

## S

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s: without
S: sensation, sensitive, serum
S1: first heart sound
S2: second heart sound
S3: third heart sound
S4: fourth heart sound
Sa.: Saline
S&A: sugar and acetone
SAH: systemic arterial hypertension, subarachnoid hemmorage
SaO2: arterial oxygen saturation
SB: stillborn
SBE: subacute bacterial endocarditis
SBFT: small bowel follow through (x-ray)
SBO: small bowel obstruction
SBP: spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,systolic blood pressure
s.c.: subcutaneous(ly)
SC: sickle cell
SCA: spinocerebellar ataxia
SCC: sickle cell crisis
SCD: sudden cardiac death
schiz: schizophrenia
SCIWORA: spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality
SCU: special care unit
SDH: subdural hematoma
s/e: side effect
sec: second
sed.: rate erythrocyte sedimentation rate
sem.: ves seminal vesicles
Sens.: sensory, sensation
SES: Sirolimus eluting stent/s
sep.: separated
Sept.: AB septic abortion
Serol.: serology, serological test
SGA: small for gestational age
s.gl.: without correction (without glasses)
SGOT,SGO-T: serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase
SH: social history, serum hepatitis
SI: sacroiliac joint, stroke index
SIADH: syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone Secretion
sib.: sibling
SICU: surgical intensive care unit
SIDS: sudden infant death syndrome
SJS: stevens johnson syndrome
skel.: skeletal
Sl.: slightly
SL: under the tongue
SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus
SLR: straight leg raising
sm: small
SMA-14: routine admission chemistry
SNS: sympathetic nervous system
SO: superior oblique
SO4: sulfate
S.O.A.P.: subjective, objective assessment plan
SOB: shortness of breath
sod.: sodium
Sol.: solution
sono.: sonogram
S.O.S.: repeat once if urgent
sp.: spine, spinal
S/P: status post (previous condition)
sp.cd.: spinal cord
spec.: specimen
SPEP: serum protein electrophoresis
sp.fl.: spinal fluid
spg.: sponge
sp.gr: specific gravity
sp&H: speech and hearing
spin.: spine, spinal
spont.: spontaneous
SQ: subcutaneous
SR: system review, superior rectus muscle,sedimentation rate, stimulus response
SROM: spontaneous rupture of membranes
S/S: signs and symptoms
SS: social service
SSE: soap suds enema
SSRI: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
SSS: sick sinus syndrome
st: stage (of disease)
st.: stomach
ST: Stent thrombosis
Staph,: Staph. staphylococcus
stat.,STAT: immediately
STD: sexually transmitted disease
STEMI:ST - segment elevation myocardial infarction
stom,st.: stomach
strep.: streptococcus
S.T.S.: serological test for syphilis
subcut.: subcutaneous
subling.: sublingual
sulf.: sulfate
sup.: superior
supin.: supination
supp: suppository
surg.: surgery, surgical
SVC: superior vena cava
SVD: spontaneous vaginaldelivery
SVR: systemic vascular resistance
SVT: supra ventricular tachycardia
SWD: short wave diathermy
Sx: symptoms
sys.: system
syst.: systolic

## T

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T3: triodothyronine
T4: total serum thyroxine
TA: tendon Achilles, temporal artery
T&A: tonsils and adenoids, tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
T&C: type and crossmatch
tab.: tablet
TAB: therapeutic abortion
TAH: total abdominal hysterectomy
TAO: thyroid-associated orbitopathy
T.A.T.: tetanus antitoxin
TB: tuberculosis
TBI: total body irradiation
TBLC: term birth living child
tbsp.: tablespoon
TCA: tricyclic antidepressants
TCDB: turn, cough, deep breathe
TEE: transesophageal echocardiography
temp: temperature
TEN: toxic epidermal necrolysis
TENS: transient electric nerve stimulation
TESD: total end systolic diameter
T.F.: tuning fork
T of F: tetralogy of Fallot
TFT: thyroid function test
TGA: transposition great vessels
THERAP.: therapy,therapeutic
thor.: thorax, thoracic
THR: total hip replacement
TI: tricuspid insufficiency
TIA: transient ischemic shock, transient ischemic attack
TIBC: total iron binding capacity
t.i.d.: three times a day
TIP: terminal interphalangeal (joint)
TIPS: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
TIUP: term intrauterine pregnancy
t.i.w.: three times per week
TJ: triceps reflex
TKR: total knee replacement
TLC: tender loving care, total lung capacity
TLR:Target lesion revascularization
T.M.: tympanum membrani (ear drum)
TMP/SMX: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
TMJ: temporomandibular joint dysfunction
TNF: tumor necrosis factor
TNI: total nodal irradiation
TNM: tumor, nodes, and metastases
TO: telephone order
TOA: tubo-ovarian abscess
to: AA to affected areas
T,OD: tension, right eye
TORCH: (titer) toxoplamosis others (hepatitis, beta strep, flu, mumps, etc.) rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV),herpes virus II
TP: term pregnancy
TPA: thrombo proteolytic activity
TPN: total parenteral nutrition
TPR: temperature, pulse, respiration
tr: trace
trach: tracheostomy
TS: tricuspid stenosis
TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone
tsp.: teaspoon
TSS: toxic shock syndrome
T,T.: temperature, thoracic
TT: thormbin time
TTKG: transtubular potassium gradient (in k)
TTI: total thromboplastin index
TTP: thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
T-Tube: cholangiogram
TUR: transurethral resection
TURB: transurethral resection of the bladder
TURP: transurethral resection of the prostate
TV: tidal volume
TVH: total vaginal hysterectomy
TVR: tricuspid valve replacement
TVR:Target vessel revasculrization
Tx: treatment, traction

## U

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U.: unit
U&Es: urea and electrolytes
U/A: urinalysis
UC: uterine contractions, ulcerative colitis
UCD: usual childhood diseases
UCG: urinary chorionic gonadotropin
UCHD: usual childhood diseases
UG: upward gaze
UGI: upper gastrointestinal series (x-rays),
UOP: urine output
Uosm: urine osmolality
UPEP: urine protein electrophoresis
upper: gastrointestinal tract
UL: upper lid
uln: ulnar
ULQ: upper left quadrant
ung.: ointment
unilat.: unilateral
u/o: under observation for, urine output
Ur.: urine
URD: upper respiratory disease
URI: upper respiratory infection
Urol.: Urology
URQ: upper right quadrant
u/s,: US ultrasound
USI: urinary stress incontinence
USN: ultrasonic nebulizer
USP.: United States Pharmacy
USPHA: United States Public Health Administration
ut.: uterus, uterine
UTI: urinary tract infection
UVA: ultraviolet A
UVB: ultraviolet B
UVL: ultraviolet light

## V

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V: vein
VA: visual acuity
vag: vagina, vaginal
VC,: (vit.cap) vital capacity
VCS: vasoconstrictor substance
VCUG: voiding cystourethrogram
Vd: void
VD: venereal disease
VDRL: blood test for syphilis
vent.: ventilator
VEP: visual evoked potential
vert.: vertical
VF: visual fields, ventricular fibrillation
Vfib: ventricular fibrillation
VG: vein graft
VHD: valvular heart disease
VI: volume index
V.I.: vaginal irrigation
Via: by way of
VIP: vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
VIPS: voluntary interruption of pregnancy and sterilization service
vit.: vitamin
VLDL: very low density lipoproteins
VM: vestibular membrane
VMA: vanillylmandelic acid
VN: visiting nurse
VO: verbal order
VOD: vision right eye
vol: volume
VOS: vision left eye
VP: venous pressure
VPC: ventricular premature contraction
V/Q: ventilation and quantitative scan, ventilation/perfusion ratio
VS,V.S.: vital signs
VSA: vital signs absent
VSD: ventricular septal defect
VSS: vital signs stable
VT,V Tach : ventricular tachycardia
V & T: volume and tension (pulse)
VTX: vertex
Vx.: vertex presentation
VZV: varicella-zoster virus

## W

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W: widowed, white
W/A: while awake
Wass.: Wasserman
WB: whole blood
wbc,: WBC white blood cells, white blood count
W/C,: wh.ch. wheelchair
WBT: weight bearing to tolerance
WDWN: well developed, well nourished
WE: wide excision
WF: white female
WHR: waist-to-hip ratio
wk: week
WM: white male
w/n: within
WN: well nourished
WNL: within normal limits
WP: whirlpool
WPW: wolff-parkinson-white syndrome
wt.: weight
w/u: workup

## X

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x: times
X: exophoria distance
XRT: radiotherapy
XT: exotrophia distance

## Y

[edit | edit source]

y.o.: years old
yrs.: years

# References

[edit | edit source]

1. isbn=140510368X Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:x-xii
2. isbn=0443100616 Lim, Eric, Raftery, Andrew T. Differential Diagnosis, 2nd Edition. London, England: Elsevier Publishing, 2005:vii-ix

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