Melanoma screening

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Sara Mohsin, M.D. Anum Ijaz M.B.B.S., M.D.[2]

## Overview[edit | edit source]

The 1992-1994 free American Academy of Dermatology's National Skin Cancer Early Detection and Screening Program provided broad skin cancer educational information to general public and enabled thousands of free expert skin cancer examinations. The 2001-2005 American Academy of Dermatology National Melanoma/Skin Cancer Screening Program emphasized on the use of HARMM criteria to identify the higher-risk subgroup of skin cancer screening population via assessment of multiple risk factors for MM hence, both reducing the cost & increasing the yields for suspected MM in future mass screening initiatives. Melanoma Genetics Program identifies the genetic causes of skin cancer, and provides genetic counseling to the individuals with strong family history of melanoma. Dermoscopy usage improves the ability of primary care physicians to triage lesions suggestive of skin cancer, thus saving from unnecessary expert consultations. Combination of dermoscopy and short-term sequential digital dermoscopy imaging (SDDI) in a primary care setting doubles the sensitivity for melanoma diagnosis and leads to >50% chance of reduction in excision or referral of benign pigmented lesions.

## Screening[edit | edit source]

According to different studies going on for so many years, following data is available regarding the different methods/tools and their effectiveness for skin cancer screening:

* From 1992 to 1994, free American Academy of Dermatology's National Skin Cancer Early Detection and Screening Program was launched which provided broad skin cancer educational information to general public and enabled almost 750,000 free expert skin cancer examinations which mostly found out thin, localized stage 1 melanomas with high projected 5-year survival rate[1][2]
* From 2001 to 2005, American Academy of Dermatology National Melanoma/Skin Cancer Screening Program was launched which led to the conclusion that HARMM criteria can be used to identify the higher-risk subgroup of skin cancer screening population via assessment of multiple risk factors for MM , which will not only reduce the cost but will also increase the yields for suspected MM in future mass screening initiatives[3]
* Melanoma Genetics Program identifies the genetic causes of skin cancer, and also provides genetic counseling to the individuals having a strong family history of melanoma[4][5][6][1][7][8][9]
* Dermoscopy usage improves the ability of primary care physicians to triage lesions which are suggestive of skin cancer and saves from unnecessary expert consultations[10]
* Combination of dermoscopy and short-term sequential digital dermoscopy imaging (SDDI) in a primary care setting doubles the sensitivity for melanoma diagnosis and also leads to >50% chance of reduction in excision or referral of benign pigmented lesions[11][12][13][14][15]
* In 2023, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) reported insufficient evidence to support routine visual skin examination for melanoma screening in asymptomatic individuals. Screening is instead recommended for high-risk patients, such as those with significant UV exposure, fair skin that burns easily (Fitzpatrick I-II) , personal or family history of skin cancer, numerous or atypical moles, or immunosuppression.[16],[17]

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Skin Cancer (Melanoma) Treatment Program - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA".
2. ↑ Koh HK, Norton LA, Geller AC, Sun T, Rigel DS, Miller DR; et al. (1996). "Evaluation of the American Academy of Dermatology's National Skin Cancer Early Detection and Screening Program". J Am Acad Dermatol. 34 (6): 971–8. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(96)90274-1. PMID 8647990.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
3. ↑ Goldberg MS, Doucette JT, Lim HW, Spencer J, Carucci JA, Rigel DS (2007). "Risk factors for presumptive melanoma in skin cancer screening: American Academy of Dermatology National Melanoma/Skin Cancer Screening Program experience 2001-2005". J Am Acad Dermatol. 57 (1): 60–6. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.02.010. PMID 17490783.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
4. ↑ Gauwerky K, Ruzicka T, Berking C (2009). "[Skin cancer screening at the family doctor's office]". MMW Fortschr Med. 151 (25): 38–42, quiz 43. PMID 19739523.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
5. ↑ Treiber N, Huber MA, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Schneider LA (2014). "[Early detection of skin cancer]". MMW Fortschr Med. 156 (4): 37–40. PMID 24908774.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
6. ↑ Mierzwa T, Zegarski W, Placek W, Zegarska B (2004). "[Skin cancer screening program in the population of Bydgoszcz]". Wiad Lek. 57 Suppl 1: 211–4. PMID 15884241.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
7. ↑ Bajaj S, Wolner ZJ, Dusza SW, Braun RP, Marghoob AA, DeFazio J (2019). "Total Body Skin Examination Practices: A Survey Study Amongst Dermatologists at High-Risk Skin Cancer Clinics". Dermatol Pract Concept. 9 (2): 132–138. doi:10.5826/dpc.0902a09. PMC 6502292 Check `|pmc=` value (help). PMID 31106016.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
8. ↑ Argenziano G, Zalaudek I, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Bakos RM, Bergman W, Blum A; et al. (2012). "Total body skin examination for skin cancer screening in patients with focused symptoms". J Am Acad Dermatol. 66 (2): 212–9. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.12.039. PMID 21757257.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
9. ↑ "Skin Cancer Screening: MedlinePlus Lab Test Information".
10. ↑ Argenziano G, Puig S, Zalaudek I, Sera F, Corona R, Alsina M; et al. (2006). "Dermoscopy improves accuracy of primary care physicians to triage lesions suggestive of skin cancer". J Clin Oncol. 24 (12): 1877–82. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.05.0864. PMID 16622262.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
11. ↑ Menzies SW, Emery J, Staples M, Davies S, McAvoy B, Fletcher J; et al. (2009). "Impact of dermoscopy and short-term sequential digital dermoscopy imaging for the management of pigmented lesions in primary care: a sequential intervention trial". Br J Dermatol. 161 (6): 1270–7. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09374.x. PMID 19747359.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
12. ↑ van der Rhee JI, Bergman W, Kukutsch NA (2010). "The impact of dermoscopy on the management of pigmented lesions in everyday clinical practice of general dermatologists: a prospective study". Br J Dermatol. 162 (3): 563–7. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09551.x. PMID 19832836.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
13. ↑ Dinnes J, Deeks JJ, Chuchu N, Ferrante di Ruffano L, Matin RN, Thomson DR; et al. (2018). "Dermoscopy, with and without visual inspection, for diagnosing melanoma in adults". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 12: CD011902. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011902.pub2. PMC 6517096 Check `|pmc=` value (help). PMID 30521682.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
14. ↑ Ferrante di Ruffano L, Takwoingi Y, Dinnes J, Chuchu N, Bayliss SE, Davenport C; et al. (2018). "Computer-assisted diagnosis techniques (dermoscopy and spectroscopy-based) for diagnosing skin cancer in adults". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 12: CD013186. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013186. PMC 6517147 Check `|pmc=` value (help). PMID 30521691.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
15. ↑ Ferrante di Ruffano L, Dinnes J, Deeks JJ, Chuchu N, Bayliss SE, Davenport C; et al. (2018). "Optical coherence tomography for diagnosing skin cancer in adults". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 12: CD013189. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013189. PMID 30521690.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
16. ↑ Mangione CM, Barry MJ, Nicholson WK, Chelmow D, Coker TR, Davis EM, Donahue KE, Jaén CR, Kubik M, Li L, Ogedegbe G, Rao G, Ruiz JM, Stevermer J, Tsevat J, Underwood SM, Wong JB (April 2023). "Screening for Skin Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement". JAMA. 329 (15): 1290–1295. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.4342. PMID 37071089 Check `|pmid=` value (help).
17. ↑ Henrikson NB, Ivlev I, Blasi PR, Nguyen MB, Senger CA, Perdue LA, Lin JS (April 2023). "Skin Cancer Screening: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force". JAMA. 329 (15): 1296–1307. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.3262. PMID 37071090 Check `|pmid=` value (help).

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