Melasma suprarenale

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

## OVerview

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Melasma suprarenale is Latin, meaning literally "darkening, (of) above the kidneys" which signifies that it is caused by disease in the adrenal glands (also known as "suprarenal glands", and originally known as the "supra-renal capsules").

## Signs and symptoms

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The condition most commonly causing the darkening of skin is known as Addison's disease. The darkening may be brown or reddish, typically appearing in the creases of the palms, pressure areas of the body and the mouth. In Addison's disease it is caused by excess production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which simultaneously releases a compound called melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH).

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Symptoms and signs: circulatory (R00–R03, 785)

Cardiovascular|

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Myeloid/blood|

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Symptoms and signs: respiratory system (R04–R07, 786)

Hemorrhage|

* Epistaxis
* Hemoptysis

Abnormalities
of breathing|

Respiratory sounds

Stridor
Wheeze
Crackles
Rhonchi
Hamman's sign

Apnea
Dyspnea
Hyperventilation/Hypoventilation
Hyperpnea/Tachypnea/Hypopnea/Bradypnea
Orthopnea/Platypnea
Trepopnea

Biot's respiration
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Kussmaul breathing

Hiccup
Mouth breathing/Snoring
Breath-holding

Other|

* Asphyxia
* Cough
* Pleurisy
* Sputum

* Respiratory arrest
* Hypercapnia/Hypocapnia

* Pectoriloquy: Whispered pectoriloquy
* Egophony
* Bronchophony

* Pleural friction rub

* Fremitus

* Silhouette sign

Chest, general|

* Chest pain
* Precordial catch syndrome

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Symptoms and signs: digestive system and abdomen (R10–R19, 787,789)

GI tract|

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Accessory|

Hepatosplenomegaly/Hepatomegaly
Jaundice

Abdominopelvic|

Ascites

Abdominal – general|

Abdominal pain (Acute abdomen, Colic, Baby colic)

Splenomegaly

Abdominal guarding * Abdominal mass * Rebound tenderness

Shifting dullness * Bulging flanks * Puddle sign * Fluid wave test

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Symptoms and signs: Symptoms concerning nutrition, metabolism and development (R62–R64, 783)

Ingestion/Weight|

decrease: Anorexia • Weight loss/Cachexia/Underweight

increase: Polyphagia • Polydipsia • Orexigenia • Weight gain

Growth|

Delayed milestone • Failure to thrive • Short stature (e.g., Idiopathic)

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